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Key Figure (key + figure)
Selected AbstractsThe telling or the tale?JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 2 2000Narratives, gender in adolescent friendship networks The paper analyses the narratives told between adolescent friends, recorded in single-sex friendship groups with a fieldworker. It confirms the importance of narratives in the construction of friendship and, specifically, in the interpretation of past experience according to peer group norms. The link between the self and others is different in the narratives told by the male friends and the female friends. The boys establish a sense of group identity through the joint activity of ,telling', whilst for the girls the links are between individual selves, constructed through their tales. Key figures in the friendship groups take the lead in demonstrating how events are interpreted. The same speaker uses styles that could be labelled ,competitive' and styles that could be labelled ,cooperative', depending on the interactional context. [source] Her kind: Anne Sexton, the Cold War and the idea of the housewifeCRITICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006CLARE POLLARD As a key figure of the 'Confessional' movement, Anne Sexton's work has often been critically assessed only in relation to her life - her history of mental illness and eventual suicide. This article attempts to place Sexton's poetry back into its historical context, arguing that with American suburbia being viewed as a new 'home front' during the Cold War, the persona of 'Housewife-poet' that Sexton adopted was highly politically charged. Seizing the language of pop-culture - from advertising to sci-fi - Sexton used it to expose the nightmare behind the white picket fence, and deconstruct the carefully constructed propaganda of the American housewife. [source] Ageing and the tax implied in public pension schemes: simulations for selected OECD countriesFISCAL STUDIES, Issue 2 2004Robert Fenge Abstract A key figure suited to measuring intergenerational imbalances in unfunded public pension schemes is given by the ,implicit tax rate' imposed on each generation's lifetime income. The implicit tax arises from the fact that, quite generally, pension benefits fall short of actuarial returns to contributions paid to these systems while actively working. Under current pension policies, implicit tax rates will increase sharply for younger generations in most industrialised countries. In this paper, this is illustrated for the cases of France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the UK and the USA. Nevertheless, there are remarkable differences across countries regarding both the level of implicit taxes and their development over successive age cohorts, which can be attributed to differences in ageing processes and in the institutional features of national pension systems. In addition, we can demonstrate how effective different approaches to pension reform are in smoothing the intergenerational profile of implicit tax rates. [source] Guilty Bodies, Productive Bodies, Destructive Bodies: Crossing the Biometric BordersINTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2007CHARLOTTE EPSTEIN This article examines the forms of power brought into play by the deployment of biometrics under the lenses of Foucault's notions of discipline and biopower. These developments are then analyzed from the perspective of governmentality, highlighting how the broader spread of biometrics throughout the social fabric owes not merely to the convergence of public and private surveillance, but rather to a deeper logic of power under the governmental state, orchestrated by the security function, which ultimately strengthens the state. It is associated with the rise of a new governmentality discourse, which operates on a binary logic of productive/destructive, and where, in fact, the very distinctions between private and public, guilty, and innocent,classic categories of sovereignty,find decreasing currency. However, biometric borders reveal a complicated game of renegotiations between sovereignty and governmentality, whereby sovereignty is colonized by governmentality on the one hand, but still functions as a counterweight to it on the other. Furthermore, they bring out a particular function of the "destructive body" for the governmental state: it is both the key figure ruling the whole design of security management, and the blind spot, the inconceivable, for a form of power geared toward producing productive bodies. [source] Two Responses to ,Shakespeare and Embodiment: An E-Conversation'LITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2006Richard Strier This article presents a brief skeptical response by Richard Strier and an extended reflection by Carla Mazzio on ,Shakespeare and Embodiment: An E-Conversation' (doi: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00180.x). The participants in this original online conversation included Mary Floyd-Wilson, Gail Kern Paster, Tanÿa Pollard, Katherine Rowe, and Julian Yates; Matthew Greenfield moderated. The participants assessed the current state of work on early modern bodies, offered bibliographical suggestions, and suggested topics for future inquiries. Paster, a key figure in the development of this sub-field, described her work to date as an "ecology of the passions" or an "ecology of the body" more generally; she called for more study of the "ensouled body." [source] Byron to D'Annunzio: from liberalism to fascism in national poetry, 1815,1920NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 3 2008DAVID ABERBACH ABSTRACT. From Byron's death at Missolonghi in 1824 to D'Annunzio's capture of Fiume for Italy in 1919, the nationalism of universal liberalism and independence struggles changed, in literature as in politics, to cruel dictatorial fascism. Byron was followed by a series of idealistic fighter-poets and poet-martyrs for national freedom, but international tensions culminating in World War I exposed fully the intolerant, brutal side of nationalism. D'Annunzio, like Byron, both a major poet and charismatic war leader, was a key figure in transforming nineteenth-century democratic nationalism into twentieth-century dictatorial fascism. The poet's ,lyrical dictatorship' at Fiume (1919,20) inspired Mussolini's seizure of power in 1922, with far-reaching political consequences. The poet became the dangerous example of a Nietzschean Übermensch, above common morality, predatory and morally irresponsible. This article shows how the meaning of nationalism was partly determined and transformed by poets, illustrating their role as ,unacknowledged legislators of the world'. [source] Desire, demand and psychotherapy: on large groups and NeighboursPSYCHOTHERAPY AND POLITICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Stephen FroshArticle first published online: 24 SEP 200 Abstract Explanations of the disturbing effects of large groups are sought in the group analytic literature, where there is an emphasis on boundary disturbance, and in contemporary psychoanalytic and social theory, where the peculiar nature of the ,neighbour' has become a topic for investigation. It is argued that the human subject is an ,interrupted' subject, with the other/neighbour being a key figure in creating this interruption. In large groups, the alien nature of the neighbour who is both close and unknowable comes to the fore, disrupting attempts to cover over this ,interruption' and promoting confusion and dislocation. The large group is consequently expressive of specific forms of contemporary sociality, and also suggestive for an ethical practice of psychotherapy that does not reduce to consolation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Eye of the Expert: Walter Benjamin and the avant gardeART HISTORY, Issue 3 2001Frederic J. Schwartz In ,The Work of Art in the Age of its Technical Reproducibility' of 1935/36, Walter Benjamin considers the effects of new conditions of production and commerce on the response to visual stimuli and on the structure of works of art, contrasting reception characterized by ,aura' with that characterized by ,distraction', the gaze of the (bourgeois) art lover with that of the working ,expert'. This essay represents Benjamin's theory of a new and positive form of mass spectatorship; in it he seeks to rise to the challenge of conservative critiques of culture, finding revolutionary potential and cognitive value in seemingly debased modes of apperception. By focusing on the notion of the ,expert', this article seeks to plot new coordinates by which to map the complex conceptual work involved in Benjamin's influential theses. The ,expert' was a key figure in the radical retheorization of cultural values in Weimar Germany, one implicated in the crisis of the traditional intelligentsia as well as in the processes of professionalization that affected fields from the arts to the sciences. Benjamin and those close to him in the Constructivist avant garde felt the pressures of new conditions of intellectual work, and traces of this can be found in the essay. There is also evidence of another process affecting the nature of thought in modernity: as objects of knowledge came to be approached within the parameters of narrowly defined professional concerns, both the origins and uses of the knowledge produced inevitably tended to fall into the blind spots of professional vision. By studying his contact with and borrowings from bodies of professional expertise, this article will question the extent of Benjamin's awareness of changing conditions of knowledge in the twentieth century. [source] Englishness and the Union in Contemporary Conservative ThoughtGOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 4 2009Richard English This article analyses the importance of arguments developed since 1997 by influential right-wing commentators concerning Englishness and the United Kingdom. Drawing on historical, cultural and political themes, public intellectuals and commentators of the right have variously addressed the constitutional structure of the UK, the politics of devolved government in Wales and Scotland, and the emergence of a more salient contemporary English sensibility. This article offers case studies of the arguments of Simon Heffer, Peter Hitchens and Roger Scruton, all of whom have made controversial high-profile interventions on questions of national identity, culture and history. Drawing on original interviews with these as well as other key figures, the article addresses three central questions. First, what are the detailed arguments offered by Heffer, Hitchens and Scruton in relation to Englishness and the UK? Second, what does detailed consideration of these arguments reveal about the evolution of the politics of contemporary conservatism in relation to the Union? And, third, what kinds of opportunity currently exist for intellectuals and commentators on the fringes of mainstream politics to influence the terms of debate on these issues? [source] The challenge of caring for patients in pain: from the nurse's perspectiveJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 20 2009Katrin Blondal Aim., To increase understanding of what it is like for nurses to care for patients in pain. Background., Hospitalised patients are still suffering from pain despite increased knowledge, new technology and a wealth of research. Since nurses are key figures in successful pain management and research findings indicate that caring for suffering patients is a stressful and demanding experience where conflict often arises in nurses' relations with patients and doctors, it may be fruitful to study nurses' experience of caring for patients in pain to increase understanding of the above problem. Design., A phenomenological study involved 20 dialogues with 10 experienced nurses. Results., The findings indicate that caring for a patient in pain is a ,challenging journey' for the nurse. The nurse seems to have a ,strong motivation to ease the pain' through moral obligation, knowledge, personal experience and conviction. The main challenges that face the nurse are ,reading the patient', ,dealing with inner conflict of moral dilemmas', ,dealing with gatekeepers' (physicians) and ,organisational hindrances'. Depending upon the outcome, pain management can have positive or negative effects on the patient and the nurse. Conclusions., Nurses need various coexisting patterns of knowledge, as well as a favourable organisational environment, if they are to be capable of performing in accord with their moral and professional obligations regarding pain relief. Nurses' knowledge in this respect may hitherto have been too narrowly defined. Relevance to clinical practice., The findings can stimulate nurses to reflect critically on their current pain management practice. By identifying their strengths as well as their limitations, they can improve their knowledge and performance on their own, or else request more education, training and support. Since nurses' clinical decisions are constantly moulded and stimulated by multiple patterns of knowledge, educators in pain management should focus not only on theoretical but also on personal and ethical knowledge. [source] The Longue Durée of Racial Fixity and the Transformative Conjunctures of Racial BlendingJOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Norman E. WhittenArticle first published online: 28 JUN 200 The new human beings of the modern world,español, indio, negro, mestizo, mulato, sambo,were born out of the same upheaval that made "nations," "bureaucrats," "slavers," "global merchants," and "colonies." It was the modern world's signature to etch economic dominance and political supremacy into a radical cultural design. It was also its signature to hide the social relations that were brewing supremacy and conflict behind a semblance of "race things". Irene Silverblatt (2004:5) As tends to happen with martyrs and saints, any undercurrent of doubt is usually excised from the biographies of key figures associated with the defense of Latin America's unique mesticity. Marilyn Grace Miller (2004:14) [source] Of Heroes and Polemics: "The Policeman" in Urban EthnographyPOLAR: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW, Issue 2010Kevin G. Karpiak Cities have long been characterized as lonely, alienating places in literature and the social sciences. This article tracks the theme of urban alienation through both detective fiction and urban ethnography, demonstrating that these literatures also share a focus on two key figures: the Hero and the Policeman. Within an important variant of the genre, the Policeman performs a crucial role, becoming the mechanism through which alienation is enforced. In this regard the Policeman stands in contrast to the Hero, battling over the very soul of modernity. On the other hand, there is a variant of the genre of police fiction which is known as noir. Within this genre, the ethical stakes are configured somewhat differently. I will argue that this is the location in which we find the potential for reconceptualizing anthropology's ethical stakes vis-à-vis questions of power and violence in the contemporary world. [source] Competing interests: Toronto's Chinese immigrant associations and the politics of multiculturalismPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 2 2007J. Salaff Abstract Social service agencies and advocacy groups have played an integral role in mediating between the Asian ethnic populations. In the Canadian institutional setting, associations become a means of political expression. Canada incorporates new immigrants into its national institutions. However, these neo-liberal institutions and policies have not redressed major problems arising in the settlement process. Under Canada's discourse of enlightened multiculturalism, social service agencies are funded to help to integrate diverse peoples. The policy of multiculturalism meshes well with the liberal ideology underlying loose coupling, encouraging people to retain their cultural identities while settling and participating in national processes. These policies are designed to be sensitive to clients' cultural backgrounds; however, there are unforeseen consequences. In this system, different groups are granted different amounts of social, cultural and economic capital along with differential access to this capital, which affects their position and potential for action in other arenas. In particular, we find that the social service approach treats new Chinese immigrants as similar, thereby fostering competition between subgroups over leadership, funds and representation. Our data come from interviews with key figures in the Chinese-Canadian community and associations, and reviews of press and other media. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Buddhist Colonization?: A New Perspective on the Attempted Alliance of 1910 Between the Japanese S,t,sh, and the Korean W,njongRELIGION COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2010Hwansoo Kim One of the most infamous events in modern Japanese and Korean Buddhist history was the alliance attempted between the Japanese S,t,sh, (S,t, Sect) and the Korean Wo,njong (Complete Sect) in late 1910, 46 days after Japan annexed Korea. The Japanese Buddhist priests involved have been characterized as colonialists and imperialists trying to conquer Korean Buddhism on behalf of their imperial government while the Korean monks orchestrating the initiative have been cast as traitors, collaborators, and sellers of Korean Buddhism. All the key figures,Takeda (1863,1911), Yi Hoegwang (1862,1933), clergy from the Wo,njong and S,t,sh,, and colonial government officials,are portrayed in historiographies as villains. But the politicized narrative of the alliance has neglected two crucial points among others. First, behind Yi and Takeda was a bilingual Korean monk named Kim Yo,nggi (1878,?) who played a key role in this movement. Second, the S,t,sh, was not enthusiastic about the alliance, which reveals that Takeda's vision for the alliance was at odds with that of the heads of his sect. This article draws upon these two findings in overlooked primary sources,about the influential players, the Japanese and Korean sects' conflicted motives, and the governments' responses,to draw out the complex power relationships and discourses surrounding the attempted alliance. [source] The superego, narcissism and Great ExpectationsTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, Issue 3 2007Graham Ingham The author notes that the concepts of the superego and narcissism were linked at conception and that superego pathology may be seen as a determining factor in the formation of a narcissistic disorder; thus an examination of the superego can function as a ,biopsy', indicating the condition of the personality as a whole. Charles Dickens's novel Great Expectations is presented as a penetrating exploration of these themes and it is argued that in Pip, the central character, Dickens provides a perceptive study of the history of a narcissistic condition. Other key figures in the book are understood as superego representations and, as such, integral to the vicissitudes of Pip's development. In particular, the lawyer Jaggers is considered as an illustration of Bion's notion of the ,ego-destructive superego'. In the course of the paper, the author suggests that Great Expectations affirms the psychoanalytic understanding that emotional growth and some recovery from narcissistic difficulties necessarily take place alongside modification of the superego, allowing for responsible knowledge of the state of the object and the possibility of realistic reparation. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||