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Kruskal Wallis Test (kruskal + walli_test)
Selected AbstractsTensile bond strength of a flowable composite resin to ER:YAG-laser-treated dentin,LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 5 2005Juliana Donadio-Moura MSD Abstract Background and Objectives This in vitro study evaluated the influence of a flowable composite resin (FCR) on the tensile bond strength of resin to dentin treated with the Er:YAG Laser (L) and diamond bur (DB). Study Design/Materials and Methods Ninety dentin surfaces obtained from 45 third molars were ground and randomly divided into six groups (n,=,15): G1,DB, G2,DB+FCR, G3,L (100 mJ, 10 Hz, 37.04 J/cm2), G4,L (100 mJ, 10 Hz, 37.04 J/cm2)+FCR, G5,L (250 mJ, 2 Hz, 92.60 J/cm2), and G6,L (250 mJ, 2 Hz, 92.60 J/cm2)+FCR. After surface etching with 37% phosphoric acid and the application of an adhesive system, inverted conical specimens were prepared with a hybrid composite resin. In groups G2, G4, and G6 a FCR was placed before the hybrid composite resin. After 24 hours-storage in distilled water, the tensile test was performed in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/minute, 500 N). Results Data were submitted to Kruskal Wallis test (P,=,0.01). The mean bond strength values (MPa±SD) were: G1,13.54 (±2.99), G2,14.67 (±2.32), G3,9.49 (±3.09), G4,14.60 (±2.76), G5,8.97 (±3.89), and G6,13.02 (±2.18). Groups G1 and G2 presented the highest bond strength values, which were statistically similar to those of G4 and G6. The groups treated with laser and without the FCR (G3 and G5) showed the lowest shear bond strength values. Conclusions FCR can increase the adhesion to dentin treated with Er:YAG laser within different parameters. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The recovery of walking ability and subclassification of strokePHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2001Gillian Baer MSc, MCSP Abstract Background and Purpose The recovery of walking after a stroke is a key functional goal for many patients. Reports vary, but approximately 50,80% of patients will regain some degree of walking ability following stroke (Skilbeck et al., 1983). There are few data available to show whether different subclassifications of stroke have distinct patterns of gait recovery. The present paper describes the pattern of walking recovery in a population of stroke patients classified according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification (Bamford et al., 1991). Method A prospective observational study. Stroke patients (n=238) admitted to the inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Unit at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh were initially included, with data for 185 patients ultimately available for analysis. Standardized measures of recovery of 10 steps and a 10-metre walk were used routinely to examine recovery time of walking ability. The main outcome measures consisted of days taken to achieve a 10-step walk, days to achieve a 10-metre walk, and initial and discharge gait velocity over 10 metres. Results Eighty-nine per cent of the sample (n=164) achieved a 10-step walk in a median time of five days and a 10-metre walk in eight days. The median initial gait velocity was 0.45 m/s which improved by discharge to 0.55 m/s. Further analysis by subgroup revealed that subjects sustaining a partial anterior circulation infarct, lacunar infarct or posterior circulation infarct recovered significantly more quickly than those subjects with a total anterior circulation infarct (Kruskal Wallis test for days to achieve 10 steps (H = 22.524, N = 164, df = 3) p<0.001; Kruskal Wallis test for days to achieve a 10-metre walk (H = 22.586, N = 164, df = 3) p<0.001. Conclusions An hierarchical pattern of recovery of gait was observed with definite variation between the subclassifications of stroke. It is suggested that further work needs to be undertaken to identify more accurately the factors that may influence the recovery of walking following stroke. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Shear bond strength of luting agents to fixed prosthodontic restorative core materialsAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009N Capa Abstract Background:, Bonding properties of luting cements are important for retention of restorative core materials. The aim of this study was to compare the bonding performance of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a self-adhesive resin cement to various fixed prosthodontic core materials. Methods:, Cylindrical specimens with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 5 mm were fabricated from Au-Pd-Ag, Co-Cr, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Fe alloys, titanium, zirconia and Empress II (n = 20). Each group was divided into two subgroups to be luted with two different luting agents. Composite resin blocks were cemented onto specimens with RelyXUnicem and FujiCem. A shear bond strength machine with 50 kg load cell and 0.50 mm/min crosshead speed was used. Kruskal Wallis test, Dunn's Multiple Range test and Mann-Whitney-U test were used for statistical analysis. The results were evaluated in a confidence interval of p < 0.05. Results:, The highest bond strength was obtained between Ni-Cr-Fe-RelyXUnicem (8.22 ± 2.15 MPa) and the lowest was between Empress II-FujiCem (1.48 ± 0.9 MPa). In FujiCem groups, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr-Fe showed significantly higher bond strength than Au-Pd-Ag and Empress II. In RelyX Unicem groups, Ni-Cr-Fe showed higher bond strength than Empress II. Conclusions:, The types of luting agents and restorative core materials may have a significant influence on bond strength. [source] Improving the quality of clinical teaching in a restorative clinic using student feedbackEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2008Callum Youngson Abstract Introduction:, A large proportion of the undergraduate curriculum is spent within Restorative Dentistry at the University of Liverpool. As well as supportive "phantom head" courses the undergraduates receive significant amounts of teaching within the clinics themselves. In 2004, to help inform the clinical tutors as to their areas of strengths and weaknesses, undergraduates were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire on the quality of teaching they received from their clinical supervisors. This process has been repeated subsequently in 2005 and 2006. Method:, A 19 parameter questionnaire, employing a 5-point Likert scale and space for open comments, was circulated to every clinical undergraduate student. Questionnaires were returned anonymously and all data collected by one researcher. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the staff provided with individual feedback within the context of the overall departmental profile. The pooled data from each of the years was then compared to determine if any changes had occurred. Statistical analysis used Kruskal Wallis tests to determine whether these were statistically significant. Results:, Although the range varied, median scores of 4 (agree) were gained for each question each year. Following statistical analysis 18 of the parameters showed a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.05) between 2004 and 2006 with only one remaining constant throughout. Conclusion:, It would appear that the use of a questionnaire based feedback system can result in a tangible and demonstrable improvement in the delivery of clinical teaching. [source] | ||||||||||