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Job Titles (job + titles)
Selected AbstractsDifferential contributions of the anterior temporal and medial temporal lobe to the retrieval of memory for person identity informationHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 12 2008Takashi Tsukiura Abstract Although previous studies have suggested the importance of the bilateral anterior temporal (ATL) and medial temporal lobes (MTL) in the retrieval of person identity information, there is little evidence concerning how these regions differentially contribute to the process. Here we investigated this question using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Before scanning, subjects learned associations among faces (F), names (N), and job titles (as a form of person-related semantics, S). During retrieval with fMRI, subjects were presented with previously learned and new S stimuli, and judged whether the stimuli were old or new. Successful retrieval (H) trials were divided into three conditions: retrieval of S and associated F and N (HSFN); retrieval of S and associated F (HSF); and retrieval of S only (HS). The left ATL was significantly activated in HSFN, compared to HSF or HS, whereas the right ATL and MTL were significantly activated in HSFN and HSF relative to HS. In addition, activity in bilateral ATL was significantly correlated with reaction time for HSFN, whereas we found no significant correlation between activity in the right MTL and reaction time in any condition. The present findings suggest that the left ATL may mediate associations between names and person-related semantic information, whereas the right ATL mediates the association between faces and person-related semantic information in memory for person identity information. In addition, activation of the right MTL region implies that this area may contribute to a more general relational processing of associative components, including memory for person identity information. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A common language for classifying and describing occupations: The development, structure, and application of the standard occupational classificationHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2002Leslie J. Pollack Today's technology-driven global economy forces job seekers, employees, human resources professionals, and managers to work smarter and faster to take advantage of a changing labor market. A common language for describing job titles and task/competency-based occupational clusters will facilitate crucial information sharing critical to meeting today's HR challenges. The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) captures the current occupational structure, and can be used by the public and private sectors to share information on all types of jobs. This article discusses the development and applications of the new SOC that will help job seekers, employees, human resources professionals, and management. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Semen quality and sedentary work positionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 1 2004Julie Støy Summary Increased scrotal temperature can, in experimental settings, markedly disturb the production of semen. Sedentary work position may increase the temperature of the scrotum, but previous studies have failed to determine whether changes in scrotal temperature caused by sedentary work actually do affect semen quality. This study was carried out to elucidate the possible harmful effects of sedentary work on sperm count and other semen characteristics. In 1981,1983 a semen sample was obtained from 3119 men who attended an infertility workup in one of four Danish fertility centres. A total of 2517 men returned a postal questionnaire with information on life style, leisure time activities, occupational history and job duties. Information on job specific work position was obtained from The Danish Work Environment Cohort study 1990 (DWECS). In this analysis DWECS data for a total of 1747 men was included from men aged 18,39 years with >30 h of work per week. For all job titles represented in the DWECS, the mean proportion of sedentary work was estimated. The sperm cell concentration was 30.6 million/mL among men in the quintile with lowest job specific sedentary work compared with 40.5 million/mL in the highest quintile. The difference was, however, not statistically significant. Stratification on infertility period, educational level of the man, fertility centre, and fertility-related disease of the spouse did not influence the results. The analyses do not suggest that sedentary work is a risk factor for abnormal semen characteristics. [source] Atrophy and anarchy: third national survey of nursing skill-mix and advanced nursing practice in ophthalmologyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 12 2006Dip Nursing, Wladyslawa J. Czuber-Dochan MSc Aims and objectives., The aims of the study were to investigate the advanced nursing practice and the skill-mix of nurses working in ophthalmology. Background., The expansion of new nursing roles in the United Kingdom in the past decade is set against the background of a nursing shortage. The plan to modernize the National Health Service and improve the efficiency and delivery of healthcare services as well as to reduce junior doctors' hours contributes towards a profusion of new and more specialized and advanced nursing roles in various areas of nursing including ophthalmology. Design., A self-reporting quantitative questionnaire was employed. The study used comparative and descriptive statistical tests. Method., The questionnaires were distributed to all ophthalmic hospitals and units in the United Kingdom. Hospital and unit managers were responsible for completing the questionnaires. Results., Out of a total 181 questionnaires 117 were returned. There is a downward trend in the total number of nurses working in ophthalmology. The results demonstrate more nurses working at an advanced level. However, there is a general confusion regarding role interpretation at the advanced level of practice, evident through the wide range of job titles being used. There was inconsistency in the qualifications expected of these nurses. Conclusion., Whilst there are more nurses working at an advanced level this is set against an ageing workforce and an overall decline in the number of nurses in ophthalmology. There is inconsistency in job titles, grades, roles and qualifications for nurses who work at an advanced or higher level of practice. The Agenda for Change with its new structure for grading jobs in the United Kingdom may offer protection and consistency in job titles, pay and qualifications for National Health Service nurse specialists. The Nursing and Midwifery Council needs to provide clear guidelines to the practitioners on educational and professional requirements, to protect patients and nurses. Relevance to clinical practice., The findings indicate that there is a need for better regulations for nurses working at advanced nursing practice. [source] Case Management Workforce in the United StatesJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 2 2009Eun-Jun Park RN Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare characteristics of the case management (CM) workforce in the US by age, years of experience, and original profession. Design: This study was an exploratory, descriptive secondary analysis of demographic and job characteristics of 24,085 certified case managers (CCMs). Methods: Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and correlation coefficients were calculated. Findings: The majority of the case-management workforce is made up of RNs (93.3%). The CCMs were older, with a mean age of 55.0 years, than were those in their original profession and started to work as CCMs late in their careers. The educational level of RN-CCMs was lower than that of CCMs from other professions. Also, job titles and work settings of CCMs were diverse, with different focus areas depending on clients' needs. The distribution of CCMs was associated with the number of managed-care enrollees. Conclusions: Profiles of CCMs in this study are valuable for clinical practice and can assist with deployment of the CM workforce. Clinical Relevance: To develop and deploy CCMs better matched to societal healthcare needs, characteristics of CCMs should be precisely understood. Managing the CM workforce is expected to be critical because of a shortage of RN workers and aging-of-the-workforce issues in the US. [source] Variation in part-time job quality within the nonprofit human service sectorNONPROFIT MANAGEMENT & LEADERSHIP, Issue 4 2009Anna Haley-Lock This article extends the growing literature on the quality of part-time employment to the domain of nonprofit human services, specifically grassroots organizations in which paid work is itself a relatively new reality. It addresses three central questions: How do part-time and full-time workers differ in their personal and household characteristics? How do part-time jobs differ in access to employment benefits from their full-time counterparts; and finally, How does benefits access vary among part-time job titles? These lines of inquiry are examined using data from the populations of nonprofit domestic violence programs and their employees in a large midwestern metropolitan area. Analyses of worker-level data reveal that part-time workers in these settings disproportionately live with children, are in committed relationships, and report a strong preference for employment that facilitates work-life balance; they are also less likely to be primary household wage earners. Analyses at the level of jobs suggest that employment benefits extended to part-time jobs are minimal compared to their full-time equivalents, but there are also striking variations among different part-time titles. The results offer insights into the nature of part-time work in these nonprofit human service settings and potential challenges for effective management. [source] Workplace performance,PLUS: Empowerment and voice through professional development and democratic processes in health care trainingPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2009Kathleen P. King Based on the theory of transformative learning (Mezirow, 1980) and critical pedagogy (Freire, 1980), mixed-methods research (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998) of a hospital workers' union and training organization addressed the impact of a custom-designed, group-focused, results-driven professional development model with 130 participants. Employees across many job titles participated. Findings reveal substantial content learning, along with the development of empowerment and voice. The purpose of the research was to determine the ways and the extent that worker voice, satisfaction, attitude, communication, and problem solving improved as workers and managers put into practice knowledge and skills learned through the training (Winchester, 2003). The scope of results includes efficiency and skill improvements and qualitative changes intersecting professional and personal realms. [source] Use of O*NET as a job exposure matrix: A literature reviewAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Manuel Cifuentes MD Abstract Background O*NET is a publicly available online database that describes occupational features across US job titles and that has been used to estimate workplace physical and psychosocial exposures and organizational characteristics. The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate the use of O*NET as a job exposure matrix. Methods A review of the peer-reviewed published and gray literature was conducted. Twenty-eight studies were found that used O*NET to estimate work exposures related to health or safety outcomes. Each was systematically evaluated across eight main features. Results Many health outcomes have been studied with O*NET estimates of job exposures. Some studies did not use conceptual definitions of exposure; few studies estimated convergent validity, most used predictive validity. Multilevel analysis was underutilized. Conclusion O*NET is worthy of exploration by the occupational health community, although its scientific value is still undetermined. More studies could eventually provide evidence of convergent validity. O*NET has the potential to allow examination of occupational risks that might have otherwise been ignored due to missing data or resource constraints on field data collection of job exposure information. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:898,914, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Occupational factors and risk of Parkinson's disease: A population-based case,control study,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010Jordan A. Firestone MD Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with various workplace factors, but the evidence is inconsistent. Objective To estimate the risk of PD associated with various jobs and workplace exposures. Methods We conducted a population-based, case,control study of 404 incident PD cases and 526 age and sex-matched controls, collecting self-reported work histories including job titles and exposures to various industrial toxicants. Relative risks of PD from these exposures were estimated with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression. Results Risk was not significantly affected by farming work, by metal work, or by exposure to pesticides, metals, or solvents. Conclusions These findings do not provide support for the hypothesis that workplace factors affect the risk of PD. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:217,223, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Ergonomic and socioeconomic risk factors for hospital workers' compensation injury claimsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009Jon Boyer ScD Abstract Background Hospital workers are a diverse population with high rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The risk of MSD leading to workers' compensation (WC) claims is likely to show a gradient by socioeconomic status (SES) that may be partly explained by working conditions. Methods A single community hospital provided workforce demographics and WC claim records for 2003,2005. An ergonomic job exposure matrix (JEM) was developed for these healthcare jobs from direct observation of physical workload and extraction of physical and psychosocial job requirements from the O*NET online database. Occupational exposures and SES categories were assigned to workers through their O*NET job titles. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed to estimate the propensity to file an injury claim in relation to individual factors, occupational exposures, and SES. Results The jobs with the highest injury rates were nurses, semi-professionals, and semi-skilled. Increased physical work and psychological demands along with low job tenure were associated with an increase in risk, while risk decreased with psychosocial rewards and supervisor support. Both occupational and individual factors mediated the relationship between SES and rate of injury claims. Conclusions Physical and organizational features of these hospital jobs along with low job tenure predicted WC injury claim risk and explained a substantial proportion of the effects of SES. Further studies that include lifestyle risk factors and control for prior injuries and co-morbidities are warranted to strengthen the current study findings. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:551,562, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Morbidity in former sawmill workers exposed to pentachlorophenol (PCP): A cross-sectional study in New ZealandAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009David McLean PhD Abstract Background From 1950 to 1990 pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used widely in the New Zealand sawmill industry, and persistent claims of long-term health effects have been made. Methods We surveyed surviving members of a cohort enumerated to study mortality in sawmill workers employed from 1970 to 1990. Estimates of historical exposure were based on job titles held, using the results of a PCP biomonitoring survey conducted in the 1980s. The survey involved interviews and clinical examinations, with interviewers and examiners blinded to exposure status. Results Of the 293 participants 177 had not been exposed, and of the 116 exposed all but 10% had low or short-term PCP exposure. Nevertheless, a number of significant associations between PCP exposure and the prevalence of various symptoms were observed including associations between: (i) exposure levels and self-reported tuberculosis, pleurisy or pneumonia (P,<,0.01) and a deficit in cranial nerve function (P,=,0.04); (ii) duration of employment and thyroid disorders (P,=,0.04), and neuropsychological symptoms including often going back to check things (P,=,0.04), low libido (P,=,0.02) and heart palpitations (P,=,0.02), and a strong dose,response trend for frequent mood changes without cause (P,<,0.01); and (iii) cumulative exposure and frequent mood changes without cause (P,=,0.02), low libido (P,=,0.04), and in the overall number of neuropsychological symptoms reported (P,=,0.03). Conclusions PCP exposure was associated with a number of physical and neuropsychological health effects that persisted long after exposure had ceased. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:271,281, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Smoking behavior in trucking industry workersAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 12 2006MSPH, Nitin B. Jain MD Abstract Background In retrospective occupational studies, the degree of confounding by smoking depends on variation in smoking among job-related exposure groups. We assessed the relationship between job title and smoking behavior as part of a study on occupational exposures and lung cancer. Methods A questionnaire on smoking was mailed to a sample of 11,986 trucking industry workers. Company records were used to gather other relevant information. Results The response rate was 40.5%. Among white males, the age-adjusted prevalence of ever smoking was highest among longhaul truck drivers (67%) and lowest among clerks (44%). Smoking rates among workers with other job titles were similar. Conclusions Our results will be used to adjust for the differences in smoking among job-related exposure groups when assessing the association between particulate matter exposure and lung cancer mortality. Our study also suggests that an assessment of methods to control for smoking should be considered in the design of retrospective occupational health studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Radiofrequency exposure on fast patrol boats in the Royal Norwegian Navy,an approach to a dose assessmentBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 5 2010Valborg Baste Abstract Epidemiological studies related to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) have mainly used crude proxies for exposure, such as job titles, distance to, or use of different equipment emitting RF EMF. The Royal Norwegian Navy (RNoN) has measured RF field emitted from high-frequency antennas and radars on several spots where the crew would most likely be located aboard fast patrol boats (FPB). These boats are small, with short distance between the crew and the equipment emitting RF field. We have described the measured RF exposure aboard FPB and suggested different methods for calculations of total exposure and annual dose. Linear and spatial average in addition to percentage of ICNIRP and squared deviation of ICNIRP has been used. The methods will form the basis of a job exposure matrix where relative differences in exposure between groups of crew members can be used in further epidemiological studies of reproductive health. Bioelectromagnetics 31:350,360, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||