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Job Loss (job + loss)
Selected AbstractsSOUTH AFRICA: Huge Job LossesAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 10 2009Article first published online: 27 NOV 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Reduction of job loss in persons with rheumatic diseases receiving vocational rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trialARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 11 2003Saralynn H. Allaire Objective Job loss is a major consequence of rheumatic diseases, and clinicians may refer patients to vocational rehabilitation for help. When provided after job loss, the impact of vocational rehabilitation is short term. This randomized controlled trial with 48 months of followup was undertaken to determine the efficacy of vocational rehabilitation provided to persons with rheumatic diseases while they are still employed, but at risk for job loss. Methods A total of 242 patients with rheumatic diseases residing in Massachusetts were recruited through their rheumatologists for study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 122) or the control group (n = 120). Subjects in the experimental group received two 1.5-hour sessions of vocational rehabilitation; those in the control group received print materials about disability employment issues and resources by mail. The main outcome assessed was the time to first job loss. Job losses were defined as permanent disability, premature retirement, or a period of unemployment. All analyses were conducted on an intent-to-treat basis. Results Job loss was delayed in the experimental group compared with the control group (P = 0.03 by log rank test). After adjustment for confounders, participation in the experimental group was found to be protective against job loss (odds ratio 0.58 [95% confidence interval 0.34,0.99], P = 0.05 by pooled logistic regression). Conclusion Vocational rehabilitation delivered to patients at risk for job loss, but while they were still employed, delayed job loss. Such an intervention has the potential to reduce the high indirect costs, as well as the personal impact, of rheumatic diseases. [source] Globalization and Regional Change in the U.S. Furniture IndustryGROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2008MARK H. DRAYSE ABSTRACT Furniture manufacturing has experienced rapid globalization in recent years. This is mainly the result of global production networks established by large manufacturers and retailers seeking to reduce costs in a highly competitive environment. The industry's globalization has been facilitated by technological innovations and the global reduction of trade and investment barriers. In the U.S., furniture-producing regions are experiencing tumultuous change. Growing numbers of firms are outsourcing production to China, which is now responsible for about half of all U.S. furniture imports. Employment levels have plummeted. However, an analysis of spatial patterns of employment, output, and capital investment in U.S. furniture manufacturing shows that regional change is not uniform. Southern regions characterized by larger firms specializing in wooden case goods production have been especially vulnerable to job loss. [source] Job displacement and stress-related health outcomesHEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue 10 2006Martin Browning Abstract We investigate whether job loss as the result of displacement causes hospitalization for stress-related diseases which are widely thought to be associated with unemployment. In doing this, we use much better data than any previous investigators. Our data are a random 10% sample of the male population of Denmark for the years 1981,1999 with full records on demographics, health and work status for each person, and with a link from every working person to a plant. We use the method of ,matching on observables' to estimate the counter-factual of what would have happened to the health of a particular group of displaced workers if they had not in fact been displaced. Our results indicate unequivocally that being displaced in Denmark does not cause hospitalization for stress-related disease. An analysis of the power of our test suggests that even though we are looking for a relatively rare outcome, our data set is large enough to show even quite small an effect if there were any. Supplementary analyses do not show any causal link from displacement or unemployment to our health outcomes for particular groups that might be thought to be more susceptible. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Manufacturing and the new ANSI S2.70-2006 hand,arm vibration exposure standardHUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 6 2008Donald E. Wasserman Since 1918, hand,arm vibration (HAV) exposure, principally from but not limited to vibrating power tools and processes, affects some 1.5 to 2 million regularly exposed U.S. workers and many more worldwide. These HAV exposures usually lead to an irreversible disease of the fingers/hands called hand,arm vibration syndrome whose prevalence is as high as 50% in exposed worker populations. HAVS results not only in hand,arm deterioration, but invariably job loss. To help combat the mounting HAV problem, domestic and international consensus HAV exposure standards were developed and promulgated in the early 1980s; but for the first time, the European Union in 2005 passed into law exposure standards for both HAV and whole-body vibration. In response, in 2006 in the United States, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) developed, replaced, and promulgated its 1986 HAV exposure standard S3.34 with a completely revised HAV standard,S2.70-2006,thus ushering in new profound implications for power tool users and tool manufacturers and countless related manufacturing operations throughout the United States. The background, salient aspects, safety and health, and manufacturing implications of this new ANSI S2.70 HAV standard are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Towards socially sensitive corporate restructuring?INTERNATIONAL LABOUR REVIEW, Issue 1-2 2009Comparative remarks on collective bargaining developments in Germany, France, Italy Abstract. Rapidly changing markets in the context of globalization call for increasingly frequent restructuring to sustain the competitiveness of individual firms. To meet this need while minimizing consequent job loss, the social partners in major European countries have devised a variety of decentralization mechanisms that enhance local-level flexibility without fundamentally calling into question the traditional national models of collective bargaining. Analysing the use of "opening clauses" in German industry agreements, France's firm-level "derogation agreements" and mandatory bargaining on "workforce planning", and Italy's tripartite "territorial agreements", the author concludes with a plea for a supranational framework to support socially sensitive restructuring across Europe. [source] Longitudinal relations between employment and depressive symptoms in low-income, suicidal African American womenJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2007Nathan Mascaro Unemployment and depression are problematic at both individual and societal levels, and research suggests that the two phenomena are related. More thorough and longitudinal analyses, particularly ones within low-income minority populations, are needed to guide the development of programs to increase employment in persons with mental health problems. The current study aimed to specify the relations over time between depressive symptoms and employment status within a sample of 46 low-income African American women participating in an intervention study for intimate partner violence and suicidal behavior. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis indicated that baseline levels of depressive symptoms predicted employment status at the end of a 10-week intervention period, controlling for baseline employment status. Chi-square analysis and qualitative analyses of trends in depression scores showed that changes in employment status during the 10-week intervention period predicted 6-month and one-year follow-up levels of depressive symptoms. Results imply that, for women in the currently sampled population, depressive symptoms create vulnerability for job loss, but the ability to gain employment despite high levels of depressive symptoms is linked to lowered depression levels over the long term. Community programs assisting such women could therefore not just lower the vulnerability to job loss by treating depressive symptoms, but they could potentially lower long-term depression levels through interventions that enhance employability and motivation to pursue work. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source] Are Spells of Unemployment Longer in Nonmetropolitan Areas?JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2000Nonparametric, Semiparametric Evidence I use nonparametric and semiparametric proportional hazard models to examine whether individuals resident in nonmetropolitan areas experience lower per period rates of exit from unemployment following job loss than metropolitan area residents. Results show that between 1989 and 1993 per period cumulative rates of exit from unemployment were slightly higher in nonmetropolitan areas, mainly due to nonmetropolitan–metropolitan differences in individual characteristics and local economic conditions. Employment density is found to have a positive association with rates of exit of unemployment in metropolitan areas but not in nonmetropolitan areas. [source] Factors Affecting the Job,to,joblessness Turnover and GenderLABOUR, Issue 4 2002I. Theodossiou This paper explores gender differences with respect to the factors affecting the job,to,joblessness turnover. It casts light on the characteristics of those men and women who experience the highest propensity of their job ending in joblessness, taking into account the reasons for the job loss. The findings highlight the determinants of gender differences in labour turnover patterns. [source] Man enough to let my wife support me: How changing models of career and gender are reshaping the experience of unemploymentAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 4 2009CARRIE M. LANE ABSTRACT Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among unemployed U.S. high-technology workers, I challenge the association of job loss and unemployment with a crisis of masculinity. I argue that, in the United States today, middle-class workers conceptualize their careers as a string of contract positions, thus mitigating the personal and professional consequences of job loss and unemployment. Changing gender roles and the rise of dual-earner marriages in the United States have also reshaped the experience of middle-class unemployment, alleviating some of the emasculating effects of unemployment for men but prompting new crises for unemployed women. [source] Involuntary job loss as a risk factor for subsequent myocardial infarction and stroke: Findings from The Health and Retirement SurveyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2004William T. Gallo PhD Abstract Background The role of stress in the development of cardiovascular disease is well established. Previous research has demonstrated that involuntary job loss in the years immediately preceding retirement can be a stressful life event shown to produce adverse changes in physical and affective health. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke associated with involuntary job loss among workers nearing retirement in the United States. Methods We used multivariable survival analysis to analyze data from the first four waves of the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), a nationally representative sample of older individuals in the US. The analytic sample includes 457 workers who experienced job loss and a comparison group of 3,763 employed individuals. Results The results indicate that involuntary job loss is not associated with subsequent risk of MI (adjusted HR,=,1.89; 95% CI,=,0.91, 3.93); the risk of subsequent stroke associated with involuntary job loss is more than double (adjusted HR,=,2.64; 95% CI,=,1.01, 6.94). Conclusions Our findings present new data to suggest that involuntary job loss should be considered as a plausible risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular illness among older workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:408,416, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Experiences and concerns about ,returning to work' for women breast cancer survivors: a literature reviewPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 7 2010Corine Tiedtke Abstract Objective: To explore how female breast cancer patients experience work incapacity during the treatment and return-to-work phases and how interactions between patients and stakeholders affect this experience. Method: Database search for full text articles published between January 1995 and January 2008 that focused on employed female breast cancer patients, factors related to work incapacity, and returning to work. Only results based on self-report data were included. Studies focusing on treatment, financial factors, rate of return, or absence were excluded. Results: Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Women with breast cancer receive varied reactions but little advice about returning to work. Women were primarily concerned with disclosing the diagnosis to their employer and to relatives. Uncertainties about physical appearance, ability to work, and possible job loss affected the women's decisions about working during the treatment phase. After treatment, most women wanted to regain their ,normal life', but concentration and arm or fatigue problems potentially interfered. Although supportive work environments were helpful, the individual needs of women differed. Employers and employees need to find a balance in defining accommodating work. Many women received favourable support, but some reported feeling discriminated against. Many women re-evaluated the role of work in their lives after being confronted with breast cancer. Conclusion: Work adjustments could help women to keep their jobs during illness and recovery. To resolve women's concerns about returning to work, employers, physicians, and insurance institutions should consider increasing and improving communication with breast cancer patients and playing a more active and supportive role. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Effect of cancer diagnosis on patient employment status: a nationwide longitudinal study in Korea,PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 7 2009Jae-Hyun Park Abstract Background: Cancer diagnosis may adversely affect employment status. Our aim was to investigate whether cancer diagnosis effects employment status by comparing employment status changes in cancer patients withto that of cancer-free workers over a 5,6-year period. Methods: All 25,55-year-old, non-self-employed, Korean workers who were diagnosed with cancer for the first time in 2001 were identified as first baseline study subjects (n=4991). Of these, those who lost their jobs within 1 year of cancer diagnosis were selected as second baseline subjects (n=1334). Sex- and age-matched cancer-free individuals from the general population were used as a reference group. We compared the time until job loss from the first baseline and the time until re-employment from the second baseline between these two groups during the 5,6-year follow-up period while adjusting for sex, age group, job-type, and equivalent household income using the National Health Insurance administrative database. Results: Cancer patients were more likely to lose their jobs after cancer diagnosis and were less likely to be re-employed than cancer-free individuals in almost all sex and age groups. Most major cancer sites were also associated with decreased employment status, with the exception of thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Cancer diagnosis adversely affects employment status in Korea, and the effects are widespread in almost all sex and age groups. Significant efforts are needed to improve the employment status of cancer patients in Korea, as well as in developing or newly developed countries that have similar social security systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Work, Identity, and Stigma Management in an Italian Mental Health CommunityANTHROPOLOGY OF WORK REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Sara M. Bergstresser Abstract When mental illness prevents an individual from working, the economic burden is obvious, but little attention has been paid to the accompanying loss of social identity. This paper addresses the meanings of work and unemployment for participants in an Italian community mental health center, and it evaluates the role of work therapy in an agricultural setting as a way to regain some social aspects of work or professional identity. The study is based on over a year of anthropological fieldwork in the Province of Bergamo, Northern Italy, conducted to investigate the relationship between community-based mental health care, social stigma of mental illness, and the social sphere in everyday life. The social position of the individual at the time of job loss is significant in his or her professional expectations while in the community center. Those who had previously worked in manual or farming capacities found this type of work therapy to be a helpful means of social participation. On the other hand, expectations based on educational, social, and economic hierarchies persist for individuals within mental health communities. For those individuals with high education, manual labor violated professional expectations, and the reality of their employability provided a conflict between social participation and perceived status group. The stigma of unemployment is also addressed in relation to political identity and desire for worker status. [source] Reduction of job loss in persons with rheumatic diseases receiving vocational rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trialARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 11 2003Saralynn H. Allaire Objective Job loss is a major consequence of rheumatic diseases, and clinicians may refer patients to vocational rehabilitation for help. When provided after job loss, the impact of vocational rehabilitation is short term. This randomized controlled trial with 48 months of followup was undertaken to determine the efficacy of vocational rehabilitation provided to persons with rheumatic diseases while they are still employed, but at risk for job loss. Methods A total of 242 patients with rheumatic diseases residing in Massachusetts were recruited through their rheumatologists for study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 122) or the control group (n = 120). Subjects in the experimental group received two 1.5-hour sessions of vocational rehabilitation; those in the control group received print materials about disability employment issues and resources by mail. The main outcome assessed was the time to first job loss. Job losses were defined as permanent disability, premature retirement, or a period of unemployment. All analyses were conducted on an intent-to-treat basis. Results Job loss was delayed in the experimental group compared with the control group (P = 0.03 by log rank test). After adjustment for confounders, participation in the experimental group was found to be protective against job loss (odds ratio 0.58 [95% confidence interval 0.34,0.99], P = 0.05 by pooled logistic regression). Conclusion Vocational rehabilitation delivered to patients at risk for job loss, but while they were still employed, delayed job loss. Such an intervention has the potential to reduce the high indirect costs, as well as the personal impact, of rheumatic diseases. [source] Changes in Wives' Employment When Husbands Stop Working: A Recession-Prosperity ComparisonFAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 4 2010Marybeth J. Mattingly American families are experiencing the effects of the "Great Recession." Most of the job losses are accruing to men, so families may find it strategic for wives to enter the labor force, or increase their work hours. We consider this possibility using the May 2008 and 2009 Current Population Survey, and compare findings to May 2004 and 2005 data, a time of relative prosperity. We find that wives of husbands who stopped working during the recession were more likely to increase work hours, and more likely to commence or seek work. During the Great Recession years, the effect for wives entering the labor force is significantly greater than during the earlier years of relative prosperity. [source] The interaction between corporate rescue and labour legislation: lessons to be drawn from the South African experienceINTERNATIONAL INSOLVENCY REVIEW, Issue 1 2005Anneli Loubser One of the main advantages of a successful corporate rescue is that it prevents or at least limits the job losses caused by a business failure. For this reason, labour legislation which is designed to protect the employees of a company in the event of its winding-up, should take cognisance of the effects such legislation may have on any rescue attempts. As the recent experience in South Africa has shown, ignoring corporate rescue in legislation dealing with labour law in the context of the winding-up of a company may have the unintended effect of seriously hampering any corporate rescue attempt. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Privatization, Labor and Social Safety NetsJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 5 2001Sanjeev Gupta Privatization promotes economic efficiency and growth, thereby reinforcing macroeconomic adjustment. In the short run, however, it can lead to job losses and wage cuts for workers. This paper discusses these adverse impacts of privatization in terms of various methods of privatization and surveys the existing empirical evidence. It finds that public sales and auctions can have stronger negative effects on workers but maximize the government's revenue. Policymakers' options for mitigating the social impact of privatization are surveyed. [source] Firm-level Consequences of Large Minimum-wage Increases in the Czech and Slovak RepublicsLABOUR, Issue 1 2004Tor Eriksson Using information from matched employee,employer data sets, we look at the impact of minimum-wage hikes on both wages and employment. Our results suggest that there are some, but not substantial, job losses in reaction to minimum-wage hikes and that the impact on firm wages is rather large, implying that further increases of similar magnitude might very well have negative consequences for employment. [source] Exploring the healthcare journey of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A mapping project , implications for practiceMUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 4 2008Susan Oliver RN Abstract Objective:,Consumers of healthcare can reveal important insights into the personal challenges they experience when negotiating their health needs. The National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society (NRAS) wanted to explore the experiences of those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to understand the impact on the individual and on healthcare resources and benchmark care against published standards and guidelines. Methods:,A project was designed to explore the experiences of individuals with sero-positive RA who had been diagnosed for three years or less. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used and combined with process mapping to explore the experiences of a purposeful sample of individuals with RA. The information generated was mapped and variances explored. Ethical approval was not required as the data were collected outside the National Health Service. Results:,Twenty-two participants' stories were mapped. Fifty per cent of participants sought a medical opinion within three weeks of symptom onset and the majority received a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug within six months from first presenting symptoms. Work-related issues were highlighted by 13 participants, and seven of these experienced job losses directly attributed to their diagnosis. Conclusions:,This unique mapping approach used qualitative research and process mapping to compare patient experiences against recognized standards and guidelines. These twenty-two stories reveal important insights into the challenges experienced in negotiating these healthcare journeys and the impact upon the individual as a result of variances in standards of care received. The participants in this study were chiefly self-motivated, informed and articulate, and did not reflect the broad ethnic, social or cultural diversity in the UK. Limitations must also be considered in relation to perceptions and recall of participants over a three-year period, as these may have altered over time and illness experience. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Are Friendly Acquisitions Too Bad for Shareholders and Managers?BRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, Issue S1 2006Friendly Acquirers, Long-Term Value Creation, Top Management Turnover in Hostile The well-documented failure of the majority of acquisitions to create value is often identified in popular discussion with hostile acquisitions, whereas friendly acquirers seem to get a friendly press. The relative performance of friendly and hostile acquirers therefore warrants a rigorous empirical investigation. Clear evidence of superior value creation in hostile over friendly acquisitions allows us to judge the efficacy of the market for corporate control. In this article we examine the long-term shareholder wealth performance of four types of acquirers , friendly bidder, hostile bidder, white knight and hostile bidder facing a white knight or another hostile bidder. For a sample of 519 acquisitions of UK target firms during 1983,1995, we estimated the three-year post-acquisition gains to acquirer shareholders and found that hostile acquirers deliver significantly higher shareholder value than friendly acquirers. We found that friendly acquirers with high stock-market ratings destroyed more value than hostile acquirers with a similar rating. Friendly acquirer top managers suffered greater job losses than those of hostile acquirers, perhaps paying the price for their inferior value-creation performance. Our study provides evidence of the superior value-creation performance of hostile acquirers and makes the case against takeover regulatory rules that may impede hostile takeovers. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||