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Jet Fuel (jet + fuel)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

Jet fuel squeezed as gasoil demand booms

OIL AND ENERGY TRENDS, Issue 6 2005
Article first published online: 15 JUN 200
As the US summer gasoline season begins (see 'The Month in Brief') it is not gasoline but middle distillate that is driving product prices in that country. Fears of a heating oil shortage next winter have pushed the price of heating oil above that of motor spirit. Diesel prices have been above those of gasoline for several weeks. Strong demand for diesel and heating oil is predicted for the rest of the year, and US refiners will have to try and structure their operations so as to maximize their output of these two fuels whilst still continuing to keep the world's largest gasoline market adequately supplied. The main effect of these attempts to squeeze more gasoline, diesel and heating oil from the crude oil barrel is likely to be experienced by the product that lies in the middle: jet kerosine. [source]

A test of the community conditioning hypothesis: Persistence of effects in model ecological structures dosed with the jet fuel jp-8

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2000
Wayne G. Landis
Abstract The foundation of the community conditioning hypothesis, the persistence of effects, was tested in a series of microcosm experiments. Experiments were conducted with the water-soluble fraction of the turbine fuel JP-8 using the standard protocols for the standardized aquatic microcosm (SAM). A repeat trial was conducted using the SAM protocol but with a 126-d test period, twice the standard duration. The results were examined using a variety of conventional univariate, multivariate, and graphical techniques. The principal conclusions were as follows. Effects are persistent in these model ecological systems long after the degradation of the toxicant. Patterns of impacts are detectable at concentrations 15 times lower than an experimentally derived single-species EC50. The replicate experiments are not replicable in the specific, but the broad pattern of the disruption of algal- herbivore dynamics followed by more subtle effects are consistently repeated. The durability of the indirect effects and therefore the information about historical events appears to be a consistent feature of these microcosm systems. The identity of the treatment groups persists. The critical features of the community conditioning hypothesis,persistence of information within ecologicalsystems and the reappearance of patterns and therefore the nonequilibrium dynamics,are again confirmed. The implications of these findings for environmental toxicology, monitoring, and ecological risk assessment are discussed. [source]

Does Hedging Affect Firm Value?

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2006
Evidence from the US Airline Industry
Does hedging add value to the firm, and if so, is the source of the added value consistent with hedging theory? We investigate jet fuel hedging behavior of firms in the US airline industry during 1992,2003 to examine whether such hedging is a source of value for these companies. We illustrate that the investment and financing climate in the airline industry conforms well to the theoretical framework of Froot, Scharfstein, and Stein (1993). In general, airline industry investment opportunities correlate positively with jet fuel costs, while higher fuel costs are consistent with lower cash flow. Given that jet fuel costs are hedgeable, airlines with a desire for expansion may find value in hedging future purchases of jet fuel. Our results show that jet fuel hedging is positively related to airline firm value. The coefficients on the hedging variables in our regression analysis suggest that the "hedging premium" is greater than the 5% documented in Allayannis and Weston (2001), and might be as large as 10%. We find that the positive relation between hedging and value increases in capital investment, and that most of the hedging premium is attributable to the interaction of hedging with investment. This result is consistent with the assertion that the principal benefit of jet fuel hedging by airlines comes from reduction of underinvestment costs. [source]

Determination of basic azaarenes in aviation kerosene by solid-phase extraction and HPLC-fluorescence detection

JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 12 2009
Elaine Rocha da Luz
Abstract SPE in combination with HPLC and fluorescence detection has been used for sensitive determination of six basic azaarenes (7,8-benzoquinoline, 7,9-dimethylbenz[c]acridine, 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine, 9-methylacridine, acridine, and dibenz[a,j]acridine) in aviation kerosene (jet fuel). SPE was performed in a single step using a strong cation exchange sorbent. The HPLC system consisted of C18 column with a selected detection program of optimal ,exc and ,em. A gradient elution with ACN and phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min allowed efficient and fast separation of azaarenes within 15 min. The LOD and LOQ values (S/N ratio 3:1 and 10:1, respectively) were between 0.0013 and 0.021 and from 0.0044 to 0.072 ng per injection. The calibration curves showed linear behavior from the LOQ to 250 ,g/L (r2 >0.99). For the spiked concentration of 6.0 ,g/L, recoveries were from 92 to 107% for jet fuel samples, except for 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine, which presented 68% recovery. The proposed method was applied to the quantification of those six basic azaarenes in one commercial kerosene and in three aviation kerosene samples. The presence of 7,8-benzoquinoline (up to 3.2 ,g/L) and dibenzo[a,j]acridine (up to 6.3 ,g/L) was confirmed in aviation kerosene. [source]