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Japanese Society (japanese + society)
Selected AbstractsCURRENT STATUS IN THE OCCURRENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE BLEEDING, PERFORATION AND RESIDUAL/LOCAL RECURRENCE DURING COLONOSCOPIC TREATMENT IN JAPANDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2010Shiro Oka Bleeding, perforation, and residual/local recurrence are the main complications associated with colonoscopic treatment of colorectal tumor. However, current status regarding the average incidence of these complications in Japan is not available. We conducted a questionnaire survey, prepared by the Colorectal Endoscopic Resection Standardization Implementation Working Group, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR), to clarify the incidence of postoperative bleeding, perforation, and residual/local recurrence associated with colonoscopic treatment. The total incidence of postoperative bleeding was 1.2% and the incidence was 0.26% with hot biopsy, 1.3% with polypectomy, 1.4% with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and 1.7% with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The total incidence of perforation was 0.74% (0.01% with the hot biopsy, 0.17% with polypectomy, 0.91% with EMR, and 3.3% with ESD). The total incidence of residual/local recurrence was 0.73% (0.007% with hot biopsy, 0.34% with polypectomy, 1.4% with EMR, and 2.3% with ESD). Colonoscopic examination was used as a surveillance method for detecting residual/local recurrence in all hospitals. The surveillance period differed among the hospitals; however, most of the hospitals reported a surveillance period of 3,6 months with mainly transabdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography in combination with the colonoscopic examination. [source] Guidelines for the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Japan: 2009 Revised EditionHELICOBACTER, Issue 1 2010Masahiro Asaka Abstract Background:, Over the past few years, the profile of Helicobacter pylori infection has changed in Japan. In particular, the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cancer has been demonstrated more clearly. Accordingly, the committee of the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research has revised the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in Japan. Materials and Methods:, Four meetings of guidelines preparation committee were held from July 2007 to December 2008. In the new guidelines, recommendations for treatment have been classified into five grades according to the Minds Recommendation Grades, while the level of evidence has been classified into six grades. The Japanese national health insurance system was not taken into consideration when preparing these guidelines. Results:,Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy achieved a Grade A recommendation, being useful for the treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcer, for the treatment and prevention of H. pylori -associated diseases such as gastric cancer, and for inhibiting the spread of H. pylori infection. Levels of evidence were determined for each disease associated with H. pylori infection. For the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, measurement of H. pylori antigen in the feces was added to the tests not requiring biopsy. One week of proton-pump inhibitor-based triple therapy (including amoxicillin and metronidazole) was recommended as second-line therapy after failure of first-line eradication therapy. Conclusion:, The revised Japanese guidelines for H. pylori are based on scientific evidence and avoid the administrative restraints that applied to earlier versions. [source] An Introductory Note to the Special Issue on Japanese Society and EthnicityINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Masami Sekine First page of article [source] How to use laparoscopic surgical instruments safelyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 3 2009Eiji Higashihara The development of laparoscopic surgery has been accompanied by a rapid increase in the number of laparoscopic surgical procedures carried out in the field of urology. In 2002 laparoscopic nephrectomy was approved for coverage under Japanese national health insurance, and in 2003 there were over 1000 registered cases in which this procedure was carried out. This suggests that laparoscopic nephrectomy, a procedure formerly conducted at only a few institutions, is now spreading to hospitals across Japan. Laparoscopic surgery involves the use of specialized instruments within a restricted field of vision, and risky surgical techniques can potentially result in visceral or vascular damage. In order to promote the use of safe laparoscopic surgery procedures, the Japanese Urological Association and the Japanese Society of Endourology and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) have inaugurated a certification program for urologic laparoscopy. This program not only encourages development in this field of surgery and provides technical certification to ensure appropriate levels of expertise, but also reviews methods for the correct use of instruments such as trocars and hemostats. The purpose of this video is to present correct methods for the use of a variety of laparoscopic instruments, in order to increase the safety of this procedure. The video has been designed to be useful not only for practitioners who are just beginning laparoscopy, but also for those who already have extensive laparoscopic experience. The video discusses five laparoscopic instruments (trocar, electric surgical devices, ultrasonic surgery devices, clips and clip appliers and endo-staplers), and demonstrates their correct use. In addition, animal models are used to illustrate the potential complications that can be associated with some methods of use. [source] Report from the 1st Japanese Urological Association-Japanese Society of Medical Oncology joint conference, 2006: ,A step towards better collaboration between urologists and medical oncologists'INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 5 2007Hideyuki Akaza Abstract: The 1st Japanese Urological Association,Japanese Society of Medical Oncology Joint Conference, titled ,A step towards better collaboration between urologists and medical oncologists', was held to coincide with the 44th Meeting of the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, Tokyo, in October 2006. The main theme of the conference addressed the need for a subspecialty of medical oncologist within urology to keep abreast of advances in medical oncology. Urologists should become more involved in the postoperative management of urologic cancer. Consensus on the optimal way to move forward in the treatment of urological cancer is needed. The conference featured eight lectures surveying the present status of uro-oncology in Europe, the USA, Korea, Singapore, and Japan; the relationship between surgical oncologists and medical oncologists; global trends and international clinical trials in uro-oncology; and the future of urologic oncology. These were followed by a general discussion titled ,Achieving better collaboration between the surgical oncologist and the medical oncologist.' This report presents a roundup of the 1st Japanese Urological Association,Japanese Society of Medical Oncology Joint Conference. [source] Surgical outcomes of partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: A joint study by the Japanese Society of Renal CancerINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 4 2007Yutaka Senga Objective: A joint study was undertaken by the Japanese Society of Renal Cancer to investigate the present status of partial nephrectomy in Japan and to speculate about what may be the indications for partial nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Data were tabulated for 469 patients from participating medical institutions and various clinical factors were investigated with regard to disease progression (local recurrence and distant metastasis). Results: Disease progression was observed in 21 patients (4.5%). No significant relation to disease progression was observed for sex, laterality, tumor histology, grade and tumor size. Although patients with solitary tumors displayed excellent prognosis irrespective of tumor diameter, patients with multiple tumors displayed a high likelihood of disease progression. Patients older than 77 years old and patients with imperative indication were found to have a poorer prognosis. Conclusion: In patients with solitary tumors, partial nephrectomy can be actively performed, even if the patient displays elective indications and the tumor is >4 cm in diameter. In patients displaying multiple tumors with imperative indications, the decision whether to perform partial nephrectomy should be made by the patients and their physicians after considering the impact on curability and the quality of life. [source] Pathological study of idiopathic portal hypertension with an emphasis on cause of death based on records of Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in JapanJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Seiko Sawada Abstract Background and Aim:, Idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is thought to be benign if bleeding gastroesophageal varices can be controlled or prevented. A recent autopsy of a woman with IPH who died of hemorrhagic intestinal infarction related to mesenteric thrombosis prompted the authors to examine the terminal antemortem features and causes of death of IPH. Methods:, Autopsy cases registered as IPH from 1986 to 1997 were surveyed in the records of the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, with permission from the Japanese Society of Pathology. The records of 65 of these cases were collected and examined pathologically. Results:, It was found that the most frequent cause of death in these cases was (i) bacterial infection (20 cases). The next three causes of death were directly or indirectly related to hepatic disease or its altered portal hemodynamics as follows: (ii) progressive hepatic failure (16 cases); (iii) massive hemorrhage from ruptured gastroesophageal varices (11 cases); and (iv) hemorrhagic intestinal infarction due to mesenteric venous thrombosis (5 cases). Although portal venous thrombosis was closely associated with (iv), (ii) and (iii) seemed not to be associated with portal venous thrombosis. In addition, intracranial hemorrhage and other heterogeneous factors were identified as the cause of death in five cases and eight cases, respectively. Conclusion:, These results suggest that progressive hepatic failure and intestinal hemorrhagic infarction should be considered in addition to rupture of gastroesophageal varices when monitoring patients with IPH. Clinicians should be also aware of severe bacterial infection and intracranial hemorrhage as a fatal complication of IPH. [source] Appropriate cut-off value of 13C-urea breath test after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in JapanJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2003CHIEKO KATO Abstract Background and Aim:, A cut-off value of 2.5, for the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) is recommended in Japanese persons, based on the result of a multicenter trial in patients prior to treatment for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. The cut-off value of 2.5, has also been used in the assessment of eradication after treatment. The 6,8-week evaluation after treatment is recommended in the guidelines of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. The present study aimed to prospectively re-assess the cut-off value of the 13C-UBT at 6 weeks after treatment by using the results obtained at 6 months as an indication of true positive or true negative H. pylori infection status. Methods:, One hundred and ninety patients who were positive for H. pylori underwent eradication treatment, and 177 patients of these patients who were assessed as having true positive or true negative H. pylori,status ,at ,6 months ,after ,treatment ,were ,evaluated ,in ,this ,study. ,Eradication ,was ,assessed ,by 13C-UBT, ,culture, ,and ,histology ,at ,6 weeks ,and ,at ,6 months ,after ,treatment, ,and ,the ,cut-off ,value ,of 13C-UBT at 6 weeks was re-assessed. Results:, A cut-off value of 3.5,. at 6 weeks after treatment showed 97.2% diagnostic accuracy, while a cut-off value of 2.5, at 6 weeks showed 96.0% diagnostic accuracy. For a 3.5, cut-off value, only five patients were positive by 13C-UBT and were negative by culture and histology at 6 weeks, and three patients were true positive and two were false positive by the 13C-UBT at 6 months. Conclusion:, A cut-off value of 3.5, for the 13C-UBT is recommended at 6 weeks after eradication treatment in Japanese persons. [source] The 45th Annual Meetings of Japanese Society of NeuropathologyNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Article first published online: 6 APR 200 First page of article [source] The 45th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Neuropathology, Maebashi, Japan 26-28 May, 2004NEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Article first published online: 26 FEB 200 First page of article [source] The 44th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of NeuropathologyNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Article first published online: 9 APR 200 First page of article [source] 42nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of NeuropathologyNEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Article first published online: 21 DEC 200 First page of article [source] Congress impressions of a European participant of 9th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Anesthesiology, September 12,14, 2003 in Fukuoka, Kyushu, JapanPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 4 2004Josef Holzki No abstract is available for this article. [source] Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia(The official journal of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Anesthesiology ISSN 1341-5603)PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 4 2000Article first published online: 9 OCT 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] The 15th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Pigment Cell ResearchPIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH, Issue 6 2001Article first published online: 21 DEC 200 First page of article [source] What I learnt from studying epilepsy: Epileptology and myselfPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 2 2004HARUO AKIMOTO Abstract, My life work with epilepsy has allowed me to learn a great deal. As an old soldier, I would like to give an account of some important milestones in my lifetime learning. The first factor that linked me to epilepsy was listening to a lecture delivered by Dr Yushi Uchimura on ,The pathogenesis of Ammon's horn sclerosis' at a conference of the Japanese Society of Neurology (now Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology) in 1928 when I was a 4th year medical student at Tokyo University. The following year, I started to study under Dr Uchimura at the Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University School of Medicine. Another factor that linked me to clinical care and research of epilepsy as a psychiatrist was my encounter with the two volumes of ,Selected Writing of John Hughlings Jackson' edited by J. Taylor. Jackson's greatest asset and contribution to modern epileptology include (i) the discovery of ,Jacksonian epilepsy', (ii) ,conceptual revolution of epilepsy' by recognizing transient mental disorders as seizures, (iii) modern definition of epilepsy by defining epileptic seizures as discharges in the gray matter, and (iv) discovery of ,new epilepsy' (now temporal lobe epilepsy). In 1940, I reported clinical courses indistinguishable from schizophrenia in epilepsy cases. Through my studies, I disputed the then prevailing interpretation of this condition as epilepsy complicating schizophrenia, and proved that these cases were in fact epileptic mental disorders caused by epilepsy. Many patients with epilepsy require medical care as well as rehabilitation and welfare support. We need to further promote the facilities for rehabilitation and employment in the community for persons with epilepsy, such as co-operatives and welfare worksites. The issues that epileptology and epilepsy face in the 21st century is to realize the goals of liberating epilepsy from social stigma and protecting all the citizen's rights for persons with epilepsy. [source] Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Biological Psychiatry, 10,12 April 2002, Saitama, JapanPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 1 2003Article first published online: 8 JAN 200 First page of article [source] Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Biological Psychiatry, 30 March-1April 2000, Tokyo, JapanPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 6 2000Article first published online: 25 DEC 200 First page of article [source] The Journal of Gene Medicine Japanese Society of Gene Therapy Young Investigator Award 2007THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 12 2007Tomoyuki Nishikawa No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Journal of Gene Medicine Japanese Society of Gene Therapy Young Investigator Award 2006THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 11 2006Yasutomo Nasu No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Journal of Gene Medicine Japanese Society of Gene Therapy Young Investigator Award 2005THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 12 2005Kazuhiko Kurozumi No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Journal of Gene Medicine Japanese Society of Gene Therapy Young Investigator Award 2003THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 12 2005Kensuke Egashira No abstract is available for this article. [source] Invitation to the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Artificial OrgansARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 9 2004Tatsuhiko Kudo MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in JapanACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 8 2007Tetsuro Oshika Abstract. Purpose:, To estimate the incidence rate of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed by Japanese surgeons. Methods:, A sample of 20% of members of the Japanese Society of Ophthalmic Surgeons was randomly selected. Each member was sent a postal survey asking for information on the number of cataract surgeries performed in 2003 and the number of postsurgery cases of endophthalmitis. Results:, Replies were received from 78.7% (513/652) of survey recipients. The total number of cataract surgeries was 100 539, among which 52 cases of endophthalmitis occurred, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 0.052%. Incidence rates were 0.049% (38/78 170) for scleral incision phacoemulsification and 0.043% (9/20 894) for clear corneal incision phacoemulsification, with no significant difference between groups. The average annual volumes of surgery were 210 and 280 cases for surgeons who preferred scleral incision and clear corneal incision, respectively. There was a significant difference between volumes (Student's t -test, p < 0.01). The incidence of endophthalmitis was significantly lower with high-volume (> 300 cases/year) surgeons than with low-volume (, 300 cases/year) surgeons (0.040% versus 0.066%, chi-square test, p < 0.05). Conclusions:, The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Japan as estimated by a postal survey was low (0.052%) and consistent with rates reported previously. Surgeons who preferred clear corneal incision performed significantly more surgeries annually, but the incidence of endophthalmitis was similar between scleral and clear corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery. [source] From Disaster to Sustainable Civil Society: The Kobe ExperienceDISASTERS, Issue 1 2004Rajib Shaw Nine years after the Kobe earthquake in Japan, social issues are still prominent, and the rehabilitation process is still ongoing. The earthquake caused two major changes in Japanese society: an increase in voluntary and non-government activities, and the enhancement of cooperation between local government and the residents' association. People's participation in the decision-making process was a significant achievement. To sustain the efforts generated after the earthquake, the Kobe Action Plan was formulated and tested in different disaster scenarios. The current study suggests that civil societies in urban areas are sustainable if, first, the activities related to daily services are provided by the resident's associations; and second, these are linked to economic incentives. Leadership plays a crucial role in collective decision-making. Creation of the support system is essential for long-term sustainability of civil-society activities. These observations are exemplified in the case study in Nishi Suma, one of the worst-affected areas in the Kobe city. [source] Minamata Disease and Environmental GovernanceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Harutoshi Funabashi Abstract:, This article aims to clarify the conditions necessary for environmental governance through a case study of one of the most tragic examples of environmental destruction, the Minamata disease. The Minamata disease is methyl-mercury poisoning resulting from the ingestion of contaminated fish and shellfish. The first incident of the Minamata disease occurred in the mid-1950s, in Kumamoto Prefecture. In spite of the grave lesson that the pollution in Kumamoto provided, Japanese society went on to experience a second occurrence of Minamata disease in the mid-1960s, in Niigata Prefecture. Conflicts between victims, the companies responsible for contamination, and the central and prefectural governments have continued for the past 50 years. As a whole, the history of the two incidences of Minamata disease shows a lack of environmental governance in Japanese society. Effective environmental governance is the ability to produce adequate solutions to a variety of environmental problems. In order to resolve an environmental problem such as Minamata disease adequately, four tasks must be achieved. These are the discovery of the cause, the prevention of suffering, recovery from suffering and the learning of a lesson. What factors are crucial to the achievement of these tasks? Through an analysis of the history of Minamata disease, I would like to point out three fundamental factors that have a decisive influence on the solution of an environmental problem. They are the existence of an effective and just juridical system, a mature public sphere, and the quality of individual actors who are concerned with an environmental problem. The following conditions are important to the fostering of environmental governance on a more concrete level: sensitivity of the society and the ability to set an agenda, autonomy of the research process and of any research groups, organization of the antipollution movement, an adequately designed system for compensation, and various measures which help to counter socially amplified suffering. [source] Feminism in the Grips of a Pincer Attack,Traditionalism, liberalism, and globalismINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Yumiko Ehara Abstract:, The dichotomy of individualism versus collectivism is one of the pivots around which political ideologies in postwar Japanese society can be broken down. Many people had thought that what postwar Japan needed was the development of modern individuals who represented a departure from feudalistic thinking. Against the backdrop of uncertainties related to employment and life in general engendered by a prolonged economic stagnation and globalism, Japanese society in the twenty-first century is being pounded by a tempest of neoliberalism and neoconservatism. In the midst of this storm, ideas advocating social policies that promote gender equality are being dismantled by both of these forces. This is because the power of traditionalism as a force for asserting a revisionist ideology in modern Japanese society primarily constitutes the power of neoconservatism, which embraces neoliberalism with a view to revitalizing the free economy through the elimination of social welfare and the intensification of free competition. In order to establish formidable economic competitiveness, neoliberalism and neoconservatism (neoliberalism = neoconservatism) reject domestic systems geared towards labor protection (deregulation) and extol familism and nationalism as means to bringing social unrest under control through the mobilization of the labor force (traditionalism). However, the habitual way of thinking that places traditionalism and liberalism in a dichotomous pivot remains ingrained within us even now. Because globalization reinforces social mobility, these two positions will continue to gain strength even as they conflict with each other. With feminism in the grips of a pincer attack, the movement will struggle to maintain its breath. [source] Identity narratives of Muslim foreign workers in JapanJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Akiko Onishi Abstract This article examines the identity and acculturation experience of Muslim foreign workers in Japan. The psychological impact of prolonged stay in a foreign country was studied by eliciting narratives of experiences of 24 male foreign workers from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Iran who had been in Japan more than 5 years. By analysing the narratives they produced, three different styles of stories emerged which explained their experiences and their attempts to maintain or construct a sense of identity. Accepting the dominant narrative of Japanese society and describing oneself as ,almost like Japanese' was one way. Another strategy stressed the rejection of the dominant narrative as well as attempts to maintain the original narrative of the self as educated and active young men. The third narrative showed how individuals re-defined themselves as Muslim by incorporating religious identity into a central part of their self-concepts, and asserting its pervasive effect on all aspects of life. This study provides a perspective for acculturation research focused on social elements of identity, and derived from experiences in a relatively mono-cultural society recently opening to immigration and in which there is a prevailing ideology of assimilation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Respect in Japanese childhood, adolescence, and societyNEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 114 2006Shuji Sugie The meaning of respect changed historically in postwar Japan, and respect as a concept is important yet unnoticed in postmodern Japanese society. Contrary to the perception of Japanese socialization as instilling conformist respect and obedience in children and adolescents, this chapter shows why one commentator predicts that Japan may be changing from a "society of respect" to a "society of scorn." [source] Japanese Contributions to the Theory of International TradeTHE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2000Paul Oslington This paper outlines a number of significant Japanese contributions to the theory of international trade in the postwar period, and identifies some of their characteristic topics and methods. It then seeks to explain these characteristics, with reference to Japan's intellectual and cultural heritage, its pressing national priorities, and the situation of the Japanese economist within Japanese society and the economics profession internationally. It is argued that despite these common characteristics we cannot speak meaningfully of a Japanese school of trade theory, although there is a characteristically Japanese approach to trade policy. Finally, some reasons for the neglect of Japanese contributions are explored. JEL Classification Numbers: B20, F19. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||