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Japanese General Population (japanese + general_population)
Selected AbstractsSmoking cessation patterns and predictors of quitting smoking among the Japanese general population: a 1-year follow-up studyADDICTION, Issue 1 2010Akiko Hagimoto ABSTRACT Aim To examine the percentage of Japanese adult smokers who make quit attempts and succeed in smoking cessation over a 1-year period, and to identify predictors of attempts to stop and successful smoking cessation. Design and setting This study used Ipsos JSR Company's access panel, whose sampling framework is based on the Basic Resident Register in Japan. We tracked and monitored a selected sample of smokers who were at least 20 years of age through a baseline postal questionnaire survey in 2005 and a follow-up survey 1 year later. Participants The original response rate was 72.1% (1874 of 2600 smokers). There were 1627 current smokers in the baseline survey, and of those, 1358 were followed-up 1 year later. Findings Among the current smokers, 23.0% reported that they had attempted to quit smoking at least once in the past year. Of those who made quit attempts, 25.6% had achieved 1-week abstinence successfully and 13.5% reported having achieved sustained 6-month abstinence successfully at the time of the follow-up survey. The predictors associated with quit attempts were non-daily smoker, higher motivation to quit and previous attempts to stop smoking. Among smokers who made quit attempts, only 13.5% used nicotine replacement therapy. Higher nicotine dependence was associated with lower probability of success in quitting. Conclusions Japanese smokers attempt to quit at a lower rate than smokers in the United Kingdom and United States, but factors that predict attempts (primarily markers of motivation) and success of attempts (primarily dependence) are similar to those found in western samples. [source] Lower Levels of Serum Albumin and Total Cholesterol Associated with Decline in Activities of Daily Living and Excess Mortality in a 12-Year Cohort Study of Elderly JapaneseJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2008Tomonori Okamura MD OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between levels of serum albumin and total cholesterol (TC) and risk of subsequent mortality and future decline in activities of daily living (ADLs) in elderly people. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-Communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand eight hundred forty-four Japanese individuals aged 60 to 74 randomly selected throughout Japan and followed for 12.4 years. MEASUREMENTS: Decline in ADLs and mortality. RESULTS: After adjusting for other covariates, the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) of impaired ADLs were highest in the lowest albumin quartile (,40 g/L) for women. The multivariable OR of having a composite outcome of death or impaired ADL for the lowest albumin quartile compared with the highest was 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.94,2.57) for men and 3.06 (95% CI=1.89,4.95) for women. Serum albumin was significantly and inversely associated with a composite outcome of death or impaired ADLs in the group below the median of TC in both sexes (multivariable OR for 1-g/L increase in serum albumin=0.88 for men (95% CI=0.79,0.97) and 0.79 for women (95% CI=0.72,0.87)), which was not significantly associated in the group with TC at or above the median. CONCLUSION: In the Japanese general population, low-normal serum albumin and TC levels are associated with loss of activity during old age, especially for women. [source] What cause of mortality can we predict by cholesterol screening in the Japanese general population?JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2003T. Okamura Abstract., Okamura T, Kadowaki T, Hayakawa T, Kita Y, Okayama A, Ueshima H (Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan). What cause of mortality can we predict by cholesterol screening in the Japanese general population? J Intern Med 2003; 253: 169,180. Objective., In a population with a markedly lower coronary mortality such as in Japan, the benefit of cholesterol screening may be different from Western populations. We attempted to assess the importance of cholesterol screening in Japan. Design., A 13.2-year cohort study for cause-specific mortality. Setting., Three hundred randomly selected districts throughout Japan in which the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders 1980 was performed. Subjects., A total of 9216 community dwelling persons aged 30 years and over, with standardized serum cholesterol measurement and without a past history of cardiovascular disease. Results., There were 1206 deaths, which included 462 deaths due to cardiovascular disease with 79 coronary heart diseases. Hypercholesterolemia (>6.21 mmol L,1) showed a significant positive relation to coronary mortality (relative risk; 2.93, 95% confidence interval; 1.52,5.63) but not to stroke. Although hypocholesterolemia (<4.14 mmol L,1) was significantly associated with an increased risk of liver cancer, noncardiovascular, noncancer disease and all-cause mortality, these associations, except for liver cancer, disappeared after excluding deaths in the first 5 years of the follow-up. The multivariate adjusted attributable risk of hypercholesterolaemia for coronary disease was 0.98 per 1000 person-years, which was threefold higher than that of hypocholesterolemia for liver cancer: 0.32 per 1000 person-years. The attributable risk percentage of hypercholesterolaemia was 66% for coronary heart disease. Conclusion., Similar to Western populations, it is recommended to provide screening for hypercholesterolaemia in Japan, especially for males, although its attributable risk for coronary disease might be small. [source] Adult survivors of children's cancer and their offspringPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2000Fumio Bessho AbstractBackground: Although it is anticipated in Japan that the number of long-term survivors of children's cancer will rapidly increase and that they will have children, reports of studies concerning the offspring of such survivors have come mainly from western countries. For this reason, it seems that the results of this study will be important. Methods: Ninety-seven survivors of children's cancer, who were diagnosed between 1962 and 1989 and are now older than 20 years old, and their offspring were studied. Results: Of 97 survivors, 30 have married and 23 survivors or their spouses had been pregnant (33 total pregnancies). Twenty-five babies were born and seven pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion. The abortion rate was not different from that of the Japanese general population. The birthweights of babies born to survivors tended to be lower than those of control subjects. The proportion of babies with birthweights under 2500 g was significantly greater for babies born to survivors than to the control subjects. None of the 25 babies born had congenital anomalies. Subsequent development of these children has been uneventful with no malignancies after a median follow-up period of 4 years 10 months (range: 10 months to 16 years, 3 months). Conclusions: The reproductive activity of children's cancer survivors and the health status of their offspring seem to be satisfactory. However, the sample size of the present study is too small to draw any definite conclusions. Because it is anticipated that the number of long-term survivors of children's cancer will rapidly increase in Japan, it is important to establish an effective system of following up these survivors and their offspring in order to provide them with appropriate suggestions for a better quality of life. [source] Relationship between late-life depression and life stressors: Large-scale cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Japanese general populationPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 4 2010Tatsuhiko Kaji MD Aim:, The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between late-life depression and daily life stress in a representative sample of 10 969 Japanese subjects. Methods:, Data on 10 969 adults aged ,50 who participated in the Active Survey of Health and Welfare in 2000, were analyzed. The self-administered questionnaire included items on 21 reasons for life stressors and the magnitude of stress, as well as the Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The relationship between the incidence of life stressors and mild,moderate (D16) and severe (D26) depressive symptoms was examined using logistic regression analysis. Results:, A total of 21.9% of subjects had D16 symptoms, and 9.3% had D26 symptoms. Further, increased age and being female were associated with more severe depressive state. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the strongest relationship between both the incidence of D16 and D26 symptoms and life stressors stemmed from ,having no one to talk to' (odds ratio = 3.3 and 5.0, respectively). Late-life depression was also associated with ,loss of purpose in life', ,separation/divorce', ,having nothing to do', ,health/illness/care of self', and ,debt'. Conclusion:, There is a relationship between late-life depression and diminished social relationships, experiences involving loss of purpose in life or human relationships, and health problems in the Japanese general population. [source] | ||||||||||