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Kinds of Issues Terms modified by Issues Selected AbstractsEMPLOYMENT OF OLDER WORKERS IN POLAND: ISSUES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS1ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2008Piotr ZientaraArticle first published online: 22 DEC 200 The aim of this paper is to discuss barriers to the employment of older workers in Poland, where, due to various structural weaknesses and institutional arrangements, this problem has taken on a particularly acute seriousness. After analysing the causes of inactivity amongst older workers, the paper concludes by making policy recommendations. [source] CORE ISSUES IN IMMIGRATION ECONOMICS AND POLICYECONOMIC PAPERS: A JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS AND POLICY, Issue 1 2003GLENN WITHERS First page of article [source] "FLEXIBILITY" AS A TRAIT AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN SPECIES DIVERSITY VARIATION AMONG ANGIOSPERM FAMILIESEVOLUTION, Issue 3 2000Jonathan Silvertown No abstract is available for this article. [source] ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE ISSUES INVOLVED IN ACTING AS A PSYCHOLOGIST PARENT COORDINATOR IN CHILD CUSTODY CASESFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 3 2004Matthew J. Sullivan The use of Psychologist Parent Coordinators in child custody cases (called Special Masters in California) is becoming increasingly prevalent across the country. This postdivorce parenting coordination role is a legal/psychological hybrid, demanding knowledge and skill in legal domains (legal procedure, relevant case law, etc.), psychological domains (child development, family systems, etc.), and dispute resolution (mediation and settlement processes). Situated in the interface of legal and psychological paradigms, Parent Coordination may be reviewed by multiple legal and psychological regulatory bodies. Coming from varying perspectives, the practice guidelines and mandates of these legal, ethical, and licensing agencies impose multiple standards of review of Parent Coordination. A brief overview of the legal and psychological review processes applicable to Special Master work in California, as they relate to common issues that confront the Parenting Coordinator across the country, is the focus of this article. They suggest that the current lack of coordination of review processes creates a minefield of professional risk for the psychologist who chooses to practice in this role. [source] APPLIED ISSUES: Size-dependent mortality of migratory silver eels at a hydropower plant, and implications for escapement to the seaFRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 10 2010O. CALLES Summary 1.,The European eel population has decreased drastically during recent decades, and new EU-legislation calls for measures to change this negative trend. This decline has been attributed to a number of factors, including habitat fragmentation by structural barriers that prevent eels moving between freshwater and the sea. The success of downstream migrating adult silver eels migrating past a hydroelectric plant (HEP) in Sweden was examined by radio-telemetry, and the results were considered in a historical context by analysing catch data from the river for 1957,2006. 2.,The choice of routes and passage success were quantified for three treatment groups and one control group of silver eels. The first treatment, the reservoir group (n = 50), was released into the reservoir upstream of the HEP, and these fish could proceed downstream by passing through the HEP (20 mm rack and turbines) or by entering the spill gates into the former channel, bypassing the HEP. The second treatment group (inside rack, n = 15) was released downstream of the 20-mm rack and had to pass through the turbines to continue migration to the sea. The third treatment group consisted of dead radio-tagged eels (n = 6) that were released into the turbines to study the extent of drifting by dead individuals. Finally, the control group (n = 50) was released downstream of the HEP to test for effects of confounding factors. 3.,Most live individuals displayed migratory behaviour and continued to proceed downstream after release. Only 8% of the fish released in the reservoir or downstream of the HEP (control) did not migrate. The probability of reaching the next HEP, 24 km further downstream, was high for the control group (96%) and the reservoir-released individuals that passed the HEP via the spill gates and the former channel (83%). Survival was low and size-dependent for the individuals that passed the turbines (40%) and even lower for the individuals that had to pass through the rack and the turbines (26%). The overall passage success for eels released in the reservoir was 30%, including both routes. 4.,Annual catch data from 1957 to 2006 showed that the number of eels in the River Ätran has decreased. Despite this decrease, escapement biomass has remained unchanged, because of the fact that the mean size of eels has doubled. Passage data from 2007 show that changes in size and abundance have resulted in a reduction of relative escapement to the sea to values that are 21,24% of what they were in 1957,66. However, this low level of escapement could potentially be rectified if appropriate measures facilitating HEP passage are successfully implemented, since the potential escapement biomass in the river, owing to the large size of the eels, has changed little since the 1950s. [source] FOREST CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA: ISSUES AND STRATEGIESGLOBAL ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Elena Lioubimtseva No abstract is available for this article. [source] DIVERSITY AND EQUITY ISSUESHIGHER EDUCATION ABSTRACTS, Issue 2 2004Article first published online: 30 OCT 200 First page of article [source] FROM MANAGEMENT TO VISION: ISSUES FOR BRITISH CHURCHES NEGOTIATING DECLINE AND CHANGE,INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSION, Issue 364 2003Simon Barrow First page of article [source] Clinical and Professional Role Development Among Experienced Pediatric Nurses: The Pediatric Medical Nursing Certificate ProgramJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2004Louise D. Jakubik ISSUES AND PURPOSE. The development of a multiunit-based certificate program to promote retention by increasing experienced pediatric nurses' knowledge, skills, and professional role development through a blend of didactic, clinical, and mentoring components. CONCLUSIONS. The certificate group demonstrated an increase in knowledge and skill, advanced leadership role acquisition, promotion, certification, and graduate school matriculation, and achieved a 95% retention rate within the organization. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. With support from management and multidisciplinary team members, a certificate program like this can be implemented in a variety of settings and specialties. [source] Confounding Factors in Infant Pain Assessment During Recovery From AnesthesiaJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2003Madalynn Neu ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To investigate in what ways infant pain assessments differed between outpatient surgical recovery areas (OPSRA) and other clinical settings that included inpatient postsurgical recovery areas. METHODS. Using a qualitative descriptive design, 8 nurse participants working in OPSRA and 7 nurse participants working in other clinical settings were interviewed. RESULTS. The assessments of participants in the OPSRA differed from those of other participants and were confounded by effects of a short-acting anesthetic, lower expectations of pain, and several extraneous factors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Recognizing infant pain in OPSRA is complex. Nurses working in OPSRA may need to assume leadership to address issues relating to accurate identification of infant pain and alleviating extraneous factors that may influence adequate treatment of pain. [source] Home Asthma Management for Rural FamiliesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2003Sharon D. Horner ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To assess home asthma management among rural families with a school-age child who has asthma. DESIGN AND METHODS. Exploratory analysis of baseline data of a tri-ethnic sample of rural families with school-age children who have asthma. RESULTS. Parents and children enact a moderate amount of asthma management behaviors. Preventive behaviors were correlated with the Asthma Behavior Inventory and treatment behaviors were correlated with the child's asthma severity. Factors that could affect asthma management include no insurance, no visits to providers in 12 months, or no asthma medications. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses must use every contact with families to assess their asthma management and availability of resources, and to determine the fit between asthma severity and the asthma management plan. [source] To Bridge a Quality Chasm: Connect With the GuidelinesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2002Carolyn Gallagher ISSUES AND PURPOSE. A wide chasm exists between the care we have and the care we could have. This article will inform nurses about the pediatric quality "chasm" by identifying practice variations from evidence-based guidelines for common childhood conditions. CONCLUSIONS. Nurses are accountable for providing state-of-the-art, evidence-based care to children. The pediatric quality chasm calls for nurses to stand up and speak out for children, to use and develop tools that activate the best scientific knowledge, and to empower parents to make it happen. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Advocacy and patient-centered care are nurses' means to partner with parents and collaborate with colleagues to connect with the guidelines and bridge the quality chasm. [source] Relationships of Sexual Abuse, Connectedness, and Loneliness to Perceived Well-Being in Homeless YouthJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2002Lynn RewArticle first published online: 23 FEB 200 ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To describe respondents' perceptions of connectedness, loneliness, and well-being; and to explore relationships among these variables. DESIGN AND METHOD. Survey data from 96 participants, focus group interviews with 32 participants, and 10 individual interviews were analyzed. RESULTS. Sixty percent of the sample reported sexual abuse, which was significantly related to loneliness and inversely related to connectedness and perceived well-being. Subjects felt lonely and disconnected. They perceived their well-being in terms of current health status. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. High rates of sexual abuse, lack of connectedness, and loneliness may help to explain poor perceived well-being in homeless youth. [source] Childrens'and Adolescents'Use of Diaries for Sickle Cell PainJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2001Virginia Egbert Maikler ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To evaluate the characteristics of vaso-occlusive episodes, home management of pain and its impact on the daily activities, and a diary as a method of data collection. DESIGN AND METHODS. Forty-six adolescents and 75 children were asked to complete daily diaries during the intervention period of a larger study. RESULTS. Mild pain was recorded 95% of the time; moderate pain, 3%; and severe pain, 1%. The pattern and location of pain varied greatly. Adolescents used more interventions than did children. When pain intensity was mild, 80% of the children/adolescents maintained school, social, and home activities, but decreased play/sport activities. When pain intensity was high, they decreased their participation in all activities. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Sickle cell pain episodes are unpredictable and highly variable. Diaries can enhance children's and adolescents'documentation and communication about their pain experiences. [source] Infant Behaviors as Indicators of Established Acute PainJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2001Barbara F. Fuller ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Many infant pain assessment tools use infant behaviors indicative of increased arousal. These tools were developed and tested using clinical situations involving acute immediate pain responses. Are these behaviors valid, clinical indicators of acute established pain (non-procedurally caused) pain? Can these tools be used to assess acute established infant pain? This article explores research findings to answer these questions. CONCLUSIONS. Findings suggest that behaviors indicative of increased arousal (e.g., crying, facial expressions that accompany crying) are nonspecific indicators of distress rather than independent indicators of established acute pain. Thus, the use of behaviors representing acute immediate pain responses to assess acute established pain, or the use of tools that incorporate these behaviors, can be misleading. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Always use acute immediate pain behavioral responses (behaviors indicative of increased arousal) in conjunction with clinical data concerning "likelihood of pain" and consolability. [source] Spirituality in African-American Mothers Coping With a Seriously Ill InfantJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2001Sonja M. Wilson ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To describe how African-American mothers' spirituality helped them cope during the time of their infants' hospitalization for a serious illness. DESIGN AND METHODS. Fourteen mothers whose infants were seriously ill in the early months of life were interviewed for this retrospective, descriptive study. RESULTS. The core theme related to prayer. Four mothers reported a strengthened faith, while two mothers continued to have difficulty relating to God or attending church. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. These findings support the importance of understanding and respecting the spiritual needs and expressions of spirituality in African-American mothers who are coping with a serious illness in one of their children. [source] Children in Foster Care: A Nursing Perspective on Research, Policy, and Child Health IssuesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2001Mary Margaret GottesmanArticle first published online: 23 FEB 200 ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To examine the roles of public policy and poverty on the rising number of children in family foster care, and to examine the impact of different types of family foster care on children's well-being. CONCLUSIONS. Recent changes in welfare legislation increase the likelihood of family poverty, with a subsequent increase in the number of children in out-of-home care. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on preventing entry into out-of-home care, improving the quality of foster care, and giving children a voice in care decisions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses have important roles to play in the prevention of family dissolution, the design of healthcare delivery systems for children in foster care, in evaluating and educating all types of foster families, and as advocates in legal and legislative proceedings. [source] Experiences of Students in Pediatric Nursing Clinical CoursesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2001Marilyn H. Oermann ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Learning may be inhibited if students experience undue stress in the clinical setting. This study described the stresses, challenges, and emotions experienced by pediatric nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS. Students (n = 75) completed a modified Pagana Clinical Stress Questionnaire at the end of their pediatric nursing clinical course. The comparison group of students (n = 383) was enrolled in nonpediatric clinical courses in the same nursing programs. RESULTS. The most stressful aspect of clinical practice was giving medications to children. High stress scores were related to more fear and disappointment in clinical practice. Students who experienced high stress were less stimulated by their clinical activities and developed less confidence in practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Knowledge of students' perceptions of clinical stress can help educators and clinicians promote a positive and rewarding clinical atmosphere. [source] Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Infants Receiving Breast Milk in the NICUJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 1 2001Amy J. Barton ISSUES AND PURPOSE. This study compared clinical and economic outcomes for infants who were exclusively fed breast milk and infants who were fed commercial formula. DESIGN AND METHODS. A retrospective medical record review from a regional neonatal intensive care unit (N = 80) using consultation logs from the lactation coordinator and a matched sample of formula-fed infants. RESULTS. Neither clinical (weight gain, length of stay, days of parenteral nutrition) nor economic outcomes (direct variable costs, net revenue) differed significantly between the groups. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. While it may not be possible to demonstrate sufficient cost savings while the infant resides within the NICU to justify a lactation coordinator, long-term clinical and economic outcomes may be sensitive to this specialized nursing service. [source] Playground Injuries in Children: A Review and Pennsylvania Trauma Center ExperienceJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 1 2001Lisa Marie Bernardo ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To describe patient demographics, injury characteristics, and circumstances of playground injuries in children admitted to Pennsylvania trauma centers and to identify injury prevention strategies. DESIGN AND METHODS. Retrospective, descriptive study of 234 children ages 1 to 18 years sustaining playground-related injuries and whose hospital data were entered into the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study. RESULTS. Most of the injuries occurred between April and September (77%), and noon to 6 P.M. (69%). Falls from playground equipment constituted the highest proportion of incidents (73%). Of 421 injuries (M = 1.8/patient), most were upper extremity (n = 117) and head (n = 110) injuries. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses can advocate for playground safety by teaching children to play safely and recommending age-appropriate equipment and protective surfacing. [source] Insights on Immunizations From Caregivers of Children Receiving Medicaid-Funded ServicesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2000Deborah B. Evers ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Despite numerous programs aimed at improving immunization rates among American children, under-immunization remains a significant problem. This study was conducted to gain insight into parents' /guardians' knowledge and attitudes regarding childhood immunizations. DESIGN AND METHODS. Thirteen African-American mothers and grandmothers participated in semistructured, audiotaped focus-group interviews. RESULTS. Four major themes emerged: health knowledge and beliefs about immunizations, system barriers that impede obtaining immunizations, facilitators that enhance obtaining immunizations, and suggestions for change. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Immunizations are one of the most important health advantages available to children. Therefore, nurses must become aware of the problem of underimmunization and work to address some of the concerns caregivers have identified in this study. The health and lives of the nation's children depend on it. [source] Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Nursing Care, and Management IssuesJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2000Louise D. Jakubik ISSUES AND PURPOSE. A comprehensive overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, nursing care, and medical and surgical management of the child with short bowel syndrome (SBS), which follows massive anatomical or functional loss of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS. The outlook for children with SBS has improved due to recent advances in parenteral and enteral nutrition, pharmacologic interventions, and surgical options. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses whose practice reflects an in-depth knowledge of the etiology, pathophysiology, medical and surgical management, nursing interventions, and complications of SBS will be equipped to provide quality care for children and families affected by SBS. [source] Review of Research Studies That Evaluated the Impact of Treatment for Childhood Cancers on Neurocognition and Behavioral and Social Competence: Nursing ImplicationsJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2000Julia Challinor ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Given the increasing incidence of childhood cancer, increasing survivor rates, and documented incidence of sequelae, nurses need evidence on which to base interventions for families at risk. The authors review and critique research studies that evaluated the impact of treatment for childhood cancers. Implications for nursing practice are discussed. CONCLUSIONS. Research to evaluate the effects of treatment on neurocognition and behavioral and social competency of children with cancer has produced conflicting results. Most studies found deleterious effects on all three areas associated with childhood cancer treatment. Some studies, however, found no differences between childhood cancer survivors and children on therapy compared to normative data or healthy controls. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Knowledge of the short-and long-term impact of treatment for childhood cancer on neurocognition and behavioral and social competence allows nurses to design interventions that mitigate neurocognitive effects, decrease behavioral problems, and improve social competence. [source] Using Distraction to Reduce Reported Pain, Fear, and Behavioral Distress in Children and Adolescents: A Multisite StudyJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 2 2000Karen L. Carlson ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Distraction during painful procedures has been shown to be effective in previous studies, yet this simple intervention is not used routinely. This study examined the effectiveness and feasibility of distraction in reducing behavioral distress, pain, and fear during venipuncture or intravenous insertion. DESIGN AND METHODS. A two-group randomized design with 384 children in 13 children's hospitals. RESULTS. Age was a significant factor in observed behavioral distress, reports of fear, and self-reported pain. The use of a kaleidoscope, however, did not significantly reduce pain or distress during venipuncture or IV insertion. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Failure of the distraction intervention to reach statistical significance in this study is puzzling, given anecdotal reports of clinical efficacy. Methodological issues may have obscured actual differences between experimental and control groups. [source] Disclosing the Diagnosis of Pediatric HIV Infection: Mothers' ViewsJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 1 2000Wendy M. Nehring ISSUES AND PURPOSE. The stigma of HIV infection creates barriers to disclosure. The purpose of this study was to identify to whom biological and foster mothers disclose the diagnosis of HIV infection, discuss their rationale, and describe the recipient's reactions. DESIGN AND METHODS. A descriptive, qualitative study included biological (n = 9) and foster (n = 11) mothers of children with HIV infection. RESULTS. Three themes emerged from the data: Telling for support, determining who should know, and telling children. These themes were present for both biological and foster mothers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. It is important for nurses to realize that parental disclosure of the diagnosis of HIV infection is a long-term, age-appropriate process that will take place over many discussions and time, and should have the support of the interdisciplinary team. Additional psychological support also should be available. [source] Risky Sexual Behavior Among Adolescent WomenJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 1 2000Margaret Taylor-Seehafer ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To review the epidemiology and etiology of risky sexual behavior in adolescent women, and to discuss implications for primary prevention. CONCLUSION. Adolescent women who participate in risky sexual behavior are at risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Black, Hispanic, and out-of-home adolescent women, however, are at greatest risk. Factors contributing to risky sexual behavior include early initiation of sexual intercourse, inconsistent use of condoms and other barrier contraception, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Identified protective factors for early initiation of sexual activity include the development of healthy sexuality, family and school connectedness, and the presence of caring adults. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Effective clinical interventions target high-risk adolescent women; incorporate environmental and cognitive-behavioral components; use social learning theories; address differences in regards to culture, developmental stage, and sexual experience; and support family and school involvement. [source] CURRENT ISSUES AND FORTHCOMING EVENTSJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 6 2006G. Hussein Rassool No abstract is available for this article. [source] ETHICAL ISSUES IN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE AND TISSUE ENGINEERINGJOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Issue 5b 2008Raymund E. Horch First page of article [source] PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF FOOD RISK ISSUES AND FOOD RISK MESSAGES ON THE ISLAND OF IRELAND: THE VIEWS OF FOOD SAFETY EXPERTSJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 4 2005MARTINE DE BOER ABSTRACT Food safety experts have a key role in constructing food risk messages and thus their perceptions will influence how food risk issues are communicated to the public. This research examined the perceptions of food safety experts regarding public understanding of food risk issues and food risk messages on the island of Ireland. It also looked into expert views of the barriers to effective food risk communication and how to improve food risk messages. One hundred and forty-three experts, working in areas related to food safety, completed an online questionnaire. Questionnaire and statement design was guided by the results of four in-depth interviews with food safety experts. The findings indicate that most experts surveyed have little confidence in the public's understanding of food risk issues, their assessment of food risks, their ability to deal with scientific information and their food safety practices. Experts are of the view that the public under-assesses the risk associated with some microbiological hazards and over-assesses the risk associated with other hazards such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The opinion of experts with regard to GMOs is not supported by previous consumer research. Experts noted that the level of education and age were important determinants for the level of understanding of food risk issues and messages. Experts were of the view that early intervention via school curricula was the best method to improve public understanding of food risk messages in the long term. Furthermore, experts are of the view that the media have the ability to improve awareness and knowledge about food risk issues but believe that the media tend to communicate information that is misleading. The majority of experts also believe that they should communicate uncertainty but are not confident that the public is able to cope with this uncertainty. Many of the experts also indicated a desire for training on how to interact with the media. The results may be used by those experts who are involved in the construction of food risk messages to improve the design and communication of food risk messages. [source] RELATIONSHIP STATISFACTION OF MEXICAN AMERICAN AND NON-HISPANIC WHITE AMERICAN INTERETHNIC COUPLES: ISSUES OF ACCULTURATION AND CLINICAL INTERVENTIONJOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 3 2000Charles Negy Despite the increasing prevalence of interethnic marriages, remarkably little empirical literature exists for guiding clinical interventions offered to these couples. This study compared the marriages of 72 couples with one Mexican-American partner and one non-Hispanic White American partner, 75 Mexican-American couples, and 66 non-Hispanic White couples. Overall, the interethnic couples were more similar to non-Hispanic White couples than they were to Mexican-American couples across multiple domains, with the latter group indicating modestly higher levels of relationship distress. Among interethnic couples, Mexican-American wives' level of acculturation related significantly to both their own marital- and parental-role orientation and to distress in their relationships with children, as well as to their husbands' marital distress regarding child rearing and the couple's interactions regarding finances. Implications for clinical interventions with Mexican- and White-American interethnic couples are discussed. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||