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Isolated Pathogen (isolated + pathogen)

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Medical Sciences	100%

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Onychomycosis is no longer a rare finding in children

MYCOSES, Issue 1 2006
M. Lange
Summary Onychomycosis was considered uncommon in children. This survey was carried out to estimate the frequency of fungal nail infections in children and adolescents (0,18 years of age) attending our clinic in the last decade and gain more insight into the aetiology and clinics of this entity in the paediatric age group. This study is based on data obtained from 2320 children and adolescents suspected of superficial fungal infection. Onychomycosis was diagnosed in 99 cases, representing 19.8% of all mycologically confirmed superficial mycoses (500 cases) in our material. Fingernail onychomycosis was recognized in 52 (10.4%) cases; children under 3 years of age were predominantly involved. Candida albicans was the most common isolated pathogen. Toenail onychomycosis concerned 47 (9,4%) patients; the incidence increased steadily with increasing age. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common aetiological agent with respect to toenail infection followed by T. mentagrophytesvar. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes var. granulosum. The majority of fungal nail infections were characterized clinically by distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. The growing trend towards the frequency of toenail and fingernail onychomycosis in children and adolescents was found in the last decade in north Poland. The results of our study show that onychomycosis in prepubertal children is not exceptional and should be considered in differential diagnosis of nail plate disorders. [source]

Rare Species of Actinomyces as Causative Pathogens in Breast Abscess

THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007
Kaka Hama Attar MRCS
Abstract:, Actinomyces species are commensal flora usually found in the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. Primary actinomycosis of the breast is an unusual condition, where the most commonly isolated pathogen has been Actinomyces israelii. In recent years, other Actinomyces strains have been found associated with breast disease. We present the first reported cases of breast infection caused by the rare species, Actinomyces turicensis and Actinomyces radingae. Both infections displayed chronicity and abscess formation. In the first case, the infection was refractory to recurrent aspirations and initial antibiotic therapy. In the second case, aspiration and prolonged antibiotic therapy was required to overcome the chronic infection. [source]

Risk Factors for Mortality of Bacteremic Patients in the Emergency Department

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 8 2009
Jiun-Nong Lin MD
Abstract Objectives:, Patients with bacteremia have a high mortality and generally require urgent treatment. The authors conducted a study to describe bacteremic patients in emergency departments (EDs) and to identify risk factors for mortality. Methods:, Bacteremic patients in EDs were identified retrospectively at a university hospital from January 2007 to December 2007. Demographic characteristics, underlying illness, clinical conditions, microbiology, and the source of bacteremia were collected and analyzed for their association with 28-day mortality. Results:, During the study period, 621 cases (50.2% male) were included, with a mean (±SD) age of 62.8 (±17.4) years. The most common underlying disease was diabetes mellitus (39.3%). Escherichia coli (39.2%) was the most frequently isolated pathogen. The most common source of bacteremia was urinary tract infection (41.2%), followed by primary bacteremia (13.2%). The overall 28-day mortality rate was 12.6%. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed age > 60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29 to 4.92, p = 0.007), malignancy (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.44 to 4.91, p = 0.002), liver cirrhosis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.02 to 4.26, p = 0.044), alcohol use (OR = 5.73, 95% CI = 2.10 to 15.63, p = 0.001), polymicrobial bacteremia (OR = 3.99, 95% CI = 1.75 to 9.10, p = 0.001), anemia (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.34 to 4.03, p = 0.003), and sepsis (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.16 to 3.37, p = 0.019) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. Conclusions:, Bacteremic patients in the ED have a high mortality, particularly with these risk factors. It is important for physicians to recognize the factors that potentially contribute to mortality of bacteremic patients in the ED. [source]

Effects of Clinical Mastitis on Ovarian Function in Post-partum Dairy Cows

REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 3 2005
Gy Huszenicza
Contents Mastitis-induced ovarian abnormalities were studied in a field trial. At 1,3 day after calving, ,2 parity cows not affected with chronic recurrent mastitis and yielding <400 000/ml somatic cell count (SCC) individual milk in the previous lactation, were enrolled in the study. Thereafter milk samples were collected three times weekly for 95,100 day for progesterone (P4) assay. Individual P4 profiles were used to monitor ovarian cyclicity. When mastitis was diagnosed in the first 80 day post-partum (pp), clinical signs were recorded and scored, and aseptic milk samples were taken to identify the mastitis pathogens. Depending on the isolated pathogens the cows were blocked into one of the three sub-groups affected by either Gram-positive (GP), or Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, or of those with no detected pathogens (NDP). Cows suffering from any type of mastitis between days 15 and 28 (n = 27) showed a delay in the onset of ovarian cyclicity, and estrus was postponed compared to cows affected during the first 14 day pp (n = 59) and controls (n = 175) (38.6 ± 2.3 vs 33.4 ± 2.1 and 32.0 ± 1.0 day, respectively, for onset of ovarian cyclicity and 90.7 ± 2.5 vs 80.2 ± 2.8 and 83.9 ± 2.1 day, respectively, for estrus; both p < 0.05). The percentage of cows ovulating by day 28 was lower in those affected by mastitis between days 14 and 28 compared to cows between days 1 and 14 and controls (22.2% vs 47.5 and 50.3%, respectively; p < 0.05). A significantly higher rate of premature luteolysis was observed in GN + NDP compared to GP mastitis and healthy cows (46.7% vs 8.3 and 2.0%, respectively; p < 0.001). If the mastitis outbreak occurred during the follicular phase, the duration of this cycle segment was lengthened in GN + NDP mastitis compared to GP mastitis and healthy cows (10.8 ± 0.9 vs 7.9 ± 0.1 and 7.2 ± 0.1, respectively; p < 0.001). The results indicate that mastitis can affect the resumption of ovarian activity in pp dairy cows. Mastitis may also impair reproduction also in cyclic cows: this effect can be the consequence of premature luteolysis or a prolonged follicular phase. [source]