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Intracranial Vessels (intracranial + vessel)
Selected AbstractsComparison of 1- and 2-Marker Techniques for Calculating System Magnification Factor for Angiographic Measurement of Intracranial VesselsJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2005A. A. Divani PhD ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Accurate estimation of an intracranial vessel size is crucial during a diagnostic or therapeutic angiography procedure. The use of 1 or 2 external markers of known size is previously proposed to manually estimate the magnification factor (MF) of an intracranial vessel. The authors evaluated the use of different external marker techniques commonly used during angiographic measurements. Methods. Forty-three intracranial vessels in 17 patients were measured using 1-and 2-marker techniques. To obtain the MF, 2 metallic markers were attached to the frontal-temporal regions. The MFs for the targeted vessels were obtained from the x-ray films by measuring the image sizes of the markers and their positions with respect to the target vessel. Results. Using a phantom, the errors resulted from (a) linear interpolation of MFs, (b) linear interpolation of inverse MFs, and (c) using the MFs of 1 marker, which were 1.23% to 2.23%, 0.8% to 1.55%, and 3.85% to 14.62%, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the measurement of cerebral arteries. Conclusion. The use of 2 markers can result in a more accurate estimation of the vessel size. The use of only 1 external marker can lead to substantial error based on the location of the target vessel. Optimizing image acquisition is also crucial for accurate determination of vessel size. [source] Clinical application of transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography , a reviewEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2002Stephan G. Zipper Transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) is a new and non-invasive ultrasound application that combines both imaging of intracranial vessels and parenchymal structures at a high spatial resolution. This manuscript reviews the clinical applications of TCCS with focus on its diagnostic abilities in acute stroke patients. Furthermore, new experimental imaging techniques are discussed. [source] Middle Meningeal Artery Dilatation in MigraineHEADACHE, Issue 10 2009Dip MFOS, Elliot Shevel BDS, MB BCh Objective., To show that migraine pain is not related to dilatation of the dural meningeal arteries. Background., The origin of the pain in migraine has not yet been adequately explained and remains the subject of vigorous debate. Current theories implicate changes in the trigeminovascular system, which is defined as comprising the large intracranial vessels, and in particular, the dural meningeal vessels, the dura mater, and their neural connections. Methods., The anatomical relationships of the dural meningeal arteries to the dura mater and the inner surface of the calvarium are described. Results., The dural meningeal arteries lie in grooves in the inner table of the calvarium, are encased in the unyielding fibrous dura mater, and are consequently unable to dilate. Conclusion., The pain of migraine is not related to dilatation of the dural meningeal arteries. [source] Comparison of 1- and 2-Marker Techniques for Calculating System Magnification Factor for Angiographic Measurement of Intracranial VesselsJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2005A. A. Divani PhD ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Accurate estimation of an intracranial vessel size is crucial during a diagnostic or therapeutic angiography procedure. The use of 1 or 2 external markers of known size is previously proposed to manually estimate the magnification factor (MF) of an intracranial vessel. The authors evaluated the use of different external marker techniques commonly used during angiographic measurements. Methods. Forty-three intracranial vessels in 17 patients were measured using 1-and 2-marker techniques. To obtain the MF, 2 metallic markers were attached to the frontal-temporal regions. The MFs for the targeted vessels were obtained from the x-ray films by measuring the image sizes of the markers and their positions with respect to the target vessel. Results. Using a phantom, the errors resulted from (a) linear interpolation of MFs, (b) linear interpolation of inverse MFs, and (c) using the MFs of 1 marker, which were 1.23% to 2.23%, 0.8% to 1.55%, and 3.85% to 14.62%, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the measurement of cerebral arteries. Conclusion. The use of 2 markers can result in a more accurate estimation of the vessel size. The use of only 1 external marker can lead to substantial error based on the location of the target vessel. Optimizing image acquisition is also crucial for accurate determination of vessel size. [source] Atherosclerosis, dementia, and Alzheimer disease in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of aging cohortANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2010Hillary Dolan MA Objective Although it is now accepted that asymptomatic cerebral infarcts are an important cause of dementia in the elderly, the relationship between atherosclerosis per se and dementia is controversial. Specifically, it is unclear whether atherosclerosis can cause the neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that define Alzheimer neuropathology and whether atherosclerosis, a potentially reversible risk factor, can influence cognition independent of brain infarcts. Methods We examined the relationship between systemic atherosclerosis, Alzheimer type pathology, and dementia in autopsies from 200 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, a prospective study of the effect of aging on cognition, 175 of whom had complete body autopsies. Results Using a quantitative analysis of atherosclerosis in the aorta, heart, and intracranial vessels, we found no relationship between the degree of atherosclerosis in any of these systems and the degree of Alzheimer type brain pathology. However, we found that the presence of intracranial but not coronary or aortic atherosclerosis significantly increased the odds of dementia, independent of cerebral infarction. Given the large number of individuals with intracranial atherosclerosis in this cohort (136/200), the population attributable risk of dementia related to intracranial atherosclerosis (independent of infarction) is substantial and potentially reversible. Interpretation Atherosclerosis of the intracranial arteries is an independent and important risk factor for dementia, suggesting potentially reversible pathways unrelated to Alzheimer pathology and stroke through which vascular changes may influence dementia risk. [source] | ||||||||||