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Interview Technique (interview + technique)
Selected AbstractsUsing Visual Stimuli in EthnographyANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2008George Spindler In this article, the work of George and Louise Spindler is reviewed with visual stimuli ranging from the Rorschach technique and Thematic Apperception Technique to inventions of their own, the Cross-Cultural Sensitization Technique, the Instrumental Activities Inventory, and the Cross-Cultural, Comparative, Reflective Interview Technique. The sites of the various researches, the methods of application, and a brief analysis of the results are included.,[interview techniques, culture and personality, ethnography and education] [source] Individual quality of life in schizophrenic patients , description and applicability of GRIDQoL in a computer-based versionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001Vibeke Noerholm Abstract The measurement of individual quality of life in patients with schizophrenia has been limited to clinician-rated instruments. The repertory grid is a clinician-assisted method to measure individual quality of life that has been found to be more sensitive than questionnaires in a clinical trial with patients with anxiety. In this pilot study the applicability of the GRIDQoL repertory grid method was evaluated in patients with schizophrenia. Free personal constructs were elicited at the first visit using the GRIDQoL technique, a semi-structured interview technique whereby the clinician helps the patient to develop his or her personal quality of life scale. The fixed psychological constructs were based on the PCASEE index. The results showed that the PCASEE index was adequate with respect to the fixed GRIDQoL constructs. The free constructs were illustrated for a selected patient, including the factor scores as outcome measures. In total 73% of the patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were willing and able to test their quality of life. The results of this pilot study support further development of the GRIDQoL module for schizophrenic patients. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Infertile couples' experience of family stress while women are hospitalized for Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome during infertility treatmentJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 4 2008Shiu-Neng Chang MS Aims and objectives., The aim of this study was to explore the essential structure of family stress among hospitalized women receiving infertility treatment with Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. Background., When hospitalization is necessary for infertile women with Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, they face health-illness transition stress and their families are traumatized by the pressure of hospitalization. Most literature on infertility treatment has dealt with the infertile women's physio-psychological reactions, the impact on the couples' relationships and the influence of social support on infertile couples. Design., A descriptive phenomenological design consistent with Husserl's philosophy. Methods., Ten married couples from a Taipei medical centre participated in the study. All the couples were receiving infertility treatment because the female partners were suffering from moderate or severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome and this required hospitalized. An open in-depth interview technique encouraged parents to reflect on their experience, which raised their feelings to a conscious level. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's approach. Results., This study explored infertile women's experiences from the couples' perspectives and the results identify the overall stresses that the family face. Five themes emerged from the study, namely, the stress of ,carrying on the ancestral line', the psychological reactions of the couple, a disordering of family life, reorganization of family life and external family support. Conclusions., The results demonstrate that the experience of family stress involves impacts that range across the domains of individual, marital, family and social interactions and there is a need to cope with these when the wife is hospitalized for moderate to severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. Relevance to clinical practice., The findings indicated that nurses should provide infertile couples with family-centred perspectives that are related to Chinese cultural family values. Nurses should supply information on infertility treatment and assist couples to cope with their personal and family stress. [source] Factual memories of ICU: recall at two years post-discharge and comparison with delirium status during ICU admission , a multicentre cohort studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 9 2007Brigit L Roberts RN, IC Cert Aims and objective., To examine the relationship between observed delirium in ICU and patients' recall of factual events up to two years after discharge. Background., People, the environment, and procedures are frequently cited memories of actual events encountered in ICU. These are often perceived as stressors to the patients and the presence of several such stressors has been associated with the development of reduced health-related quality of life or post-traumatic stress syndrome. Design., Prospective cohort study using interview technique. Method., The cohort was assembled from 152 patients who participated in a previously conducted multi-centre study of delirium incidence in Australian ICUs. The interviews involved a mixture of closed- and open-ended questions. Qualitative responses regarding factual memories were analysed using thematic analysis. A five-point Likert scale with answers from ,always' to ,never' was used to ask about current experiences of dream, anxiety, sleep problems, fears, irritability and/or mood swings. Scoring ranged from 6 to 30 with a mid-point value of 18 indicating a threshold value for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress syndrome. A P -value of <0·05 was considered significant for all analyses. Results., Forty-one (40%) out of 103 potential participants consented to take part in the follow-up interview; 18 patients (44%) had been delirious and 23 patients (56%) non-delirious during the ICU admission. The non-participants (n = 62) formed a control group to ensure a representative sample; 83% (n = 34) reported factual memories either with or without recall of dreaming. Factual memories were significantly less common (66% cf. 96%) in delirious patients (OR 0·09, 95%CI 0·01,0·85, p = 0·035). Five topics emerged from the thematic analysis: ,procedures', ,staff', ,comfort', ,visitors', and ,events'. Based on the current experiences, five patients (12%, four non-delirious and one delirious) scored ,18 indicative of symptoms of post-traumatic stress syndrome; this did not reach statistical significance. Memory of transfer out of ICU was less frequent among the delirious patients (56%, n = 10) than among the non-delirious patients (87%, n = 20) (p = 0·036). Conclusion., Most patients have factual memories of their ICU stay. However, delirious patients had significantly less factual recall than non-delirious patients. Adverse psychological sequelae expressed as post-traumatic stress syndrome was uncommon in our study. Every attempt must be made to ensure that the ICU environment is as hospitable as possible to decrease the stress of critical illness. Post-ICU follow-up should include filling in the ,missing gaps', particularly for delirious patients. Ongoing explanations and a caring environment may assist the patient in making a complete recovery both physically and mentally. Relevance to clinical practice., This study highlights the need for continued patient information, re-assurance and optimized comfort. While health care professionals cannot remove the stressors of the ICU treatments, we must minimize the impact of the stay. It must be remembered that most patients are aware of their surroundings while they are in the ICU and it should, therefore, be part of ICU education to include issues regarding all aspects of patient care in this particularly vulnerable subset of patients to optimize their feelings of security, comfort and self-respect. [source] African-American Developmental Disability Discourses: Implications for Policy DevelopmentJOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 1 2005Peggy S. Terhune Abstract, Formal developmental disabilities services are often underutilized, especially by low-income African-American families. This study examined the basis for interactions and service use preferences of African-American woman who cared for an adult female child with a disability. Diverse African-American perspectives were observed by analyzing the discourse of 11 low-income African-American carers using a direct informant interview technique. Two distinct discourses were identified: a "secular professional" discourse and a "spiritual kin" discourse. Families using the secular professional discourse made use of formal developmental disabilities services in a manner similar to European-American heritage families. Families using the spiritual kin discourse tended to rely on natural or informal supports rather than the developmental disabilities service system, as the system did not exemplify the values that these families profess. It was observed that the discourses result in two distinct worldviews, and two distinct ways of accessing the developmental disabilities system. Recommendations are proffered for changes within the developmental disabilities service system to accommodate diverse cultures and families. A key recommendation involves modifying the system to accommodate worldviews of disability other than the currently used scientific biomedical view. [source] Individual quality of life of people with severe mental disordersJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2009A. PITKÄNEN mnsc People with mental disorders have been found to suffer from impaired quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the assessment of QoL has become important in psychiatric research. This explorative study was carried out in acute psychiatric wards. Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and related psychosis were interviewed. QoL was rated by the Schedule for Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life which is a respondent-generated QoL measure using semi-structured interview technique. Patients named five areas of life important to them and then rated their current status and placed relative weight on each QoL area. The data were analysed with qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics. The most frequently named areas for QoL were health, family, leisure activities, work/study and social relationships, which represented 72% of all QoL areas named. Patients' average satisfaction with these QoL areas ranged 49.0,69.1 (scale 0,100). The mean global QoL score was 61.5 (standard deviation 17.4; range 24.6,89.6; scale 0,100). Awareness of patients' perceptions of their QoL areas can enhance our understanding of an individual patient's QoL and reveal unsatisfactory areas where QoL could be improved with individually tailored needs-based interventions. [source] Language crimes and the cognitive interview: testing its efficacy in retrieving a conversational eventAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Laura Campos Frequently, the only available evidence in ,language crimes' (e.g. verbal sexual harassment) is witness statements about criminal conversations. However, previous research has showed that recall for sentences in conversation is very poor. The main aim of this research was to find out how to solve this problem. The cognitive interview (CI) is an interview technique which has shown to be more effective in recalling criminal episodes than a comparison interview. In addition, our experience in research on the CI had been highly satisfactory; therefore, we decided to use the CI as a tool in the research on memory for conversation, so far ignored. Thus, this study tested, for the first time, whether the CI would be also successful in obtaining complete and accurate accounts for a criminal conversation. Different forms of correct recall (verbatim/gist) of the verbal information as well as different types of errors (distortions/fabrications) were also examined. It was predicted that the CI would elicit more correct information without an increase in errors than a comparison interview (i.e. a free-recall protocol). Results confirmed these hypotheses. Interpretations of the overall findings are offered within the context of theoretical principles concerning the retrieval of information from memory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Children's understanding of mental illness: an exploratory studyCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2008C. Fox Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate children's thinking about mental illness by employing a well-established framework of adult illness understanding. Methods The study adopted a semistructured interview technique and a card selection task to assess children's responses to causes, consequences, timeline and curability of the different types of mental illness. The children were aged between 5 and 11 years. Results Results indicated a developmental trend in the children's thinking about mental illness; there was an increase in the children's understanding of the causes, consequences, curability and timeline of mental illness with age. The older children demonstrated a more sophisticated and accurate thinking about mental illness compared with the younger children, who tended to rely on a medical model in order to comprehend novel mental illnesses. Furthermore, the girls exhibited more compassion, showing greater social acceptance compared with the boys. Conclusions The Leventhal model provides a useful framework within which to investigate children's knowledge and understanding of mental illness. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed. [source] | |||||||||||||