Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
International Trial (international + trial)
Selected Abstracts,The Trial That Never Was': Why there was no Second International Trial of Major War Criminals at NurembergHISTORY, Issue 285 2002Donald Bloxham This article examines the foreign policies of Britain and the United States in the contexts of the occupation of Germany and the growing cold war to explain the abortion of a proposed second international trial of major war criminals at Nuremberg. It then illustrates and explains why, while the American legal authorities attempted to reinforce the principles established at the trial of Hermann Göring et al. by further trials of major war criminals within their zone of occupation, the British looked only to try ,lesser' war criminals, and to phase out their punishment programme altogether. [source] Effective Strategies for Implementing a Multicenter International Clinical TrialJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 2 2008Leanne M. Aitken Purpose:International collaboration in research is essential in order to improve worldwide health. The purpose of this paper is to describe strategies used to administer an international multicenter trial to assess the effectiveness of a nursing educational intervention. Design:The study design was a two-group randomized multicenter international clinical trial conducted to determine whether a brief education and counselling intervention delivered by a nurse could reduce prehospital delay in the event of symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients previously diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Method:A flexible but well-defined project structure showed intervention consistency in five sites among three countries and included experienced project coordinators, multidimensional communication methods, strategies to optimize intervention fidelity, site-specific recruitment and retention techniques, centralized data management, and consideration of ethical and budgetary requirements. Findings:Staff at five sites enrolled 3,522 participants from three countries and achieved 80% follow-up obtained at both 12 and 24 months. Conclusion:Multidimensional approaches to maintain consistency across study sites, while allowing flexibility to meet local expectations and needs, contributed to the success of this trial. Clinical Relevance:In order to support appropriate development of an evidence base for practice, nursing interventions should be tested in multiple settings. A range of strategies is described in this paper that proved effective in conducting a multicenter international trial. [source] Efficacy and safety of oral ridogrel in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: two multicentre, randomized, double-blind studiesALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 1 2002G. N. J. Tytgat Background: Ridogrel at low doses inhibits thromboxane synthase. Oral ridogrel, from 5 mg once daily to 150 mg twice daily, improves the endoscopic appearance of colonic mucosa and clinical manifestations in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Aim: One US trial and one international trial were conducted to determine the effect of ridogrel on mild to severe active ulcerative colitis. Methods: Two 12-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trials were conducted. A US trial compared 0.5 mg, 2.5 mg and 5 mg of ridogrel once daily with placebo. An international trial compared 0.5 mg of ridogrel once daily with 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg of ridogrel once daily and 800 mg of mesalazine (known as mesalamine in the USA) three times daily. The primary efficacy outcome measure was the rate of complete remission. Results: In the US trial, complete remission was achieved in 20.8% of patients in the 0.5 mg ridogrel group, 17.9% in the 2.5 mg ridogrel group, 20.6% in the 5.0 mg ridogrel group and 13.6% in the placebo group. In the international trial, 14.4% of patients in the 0.5 mg ridogrel group, 19.6% in the 2.5 mg ridogrel group, 19.4% in the 5.0 mg ridogrel group and 16.4% in the mesalazine group experienced complete remission. In the international trial, rates of complete remission at the end-point were greater in the 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg ridogrel groups than in the 0.5 mg ridogrel group, but the differences were not statistically significant. In the US trial, rates of complete remission at the end-point were greater in the 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg ridogrel groups than in the placebo group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Approximately 30% of the patients in each group discontinued treatment before the 12-week end-point owing to a lack of therapeutic response. All doses of ridogrel were well tolerated and comparable with placebo or mesalazine in terms of safety. Conclusions: No significant differences in the primary efficacy outcome measure were found between either the 2.5 mg or the 5.0 mg dose of ridogrel and placebo in the US trial and between either the 2.5 mg or the 5.0 mg dose of ridogrel and the 0.5 mg dose of ridogrel, a surrogate dose for placebo, in the international trial. There was no clear indication in either trial of an effective dose of ridogrel in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. [source] Colour fastness to industrial laundering: an international inter-laboratory trial of the proposed ISO 105-C12 test procedure,COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Duncan Phillips A new laboratory single-wash test procedure that describes four test conditions, ISO 105-C12, has been developed to assess the colour fastness of textiles under industrial laundry conditions. Following an international trial, the intra-laboratory repeatability and the inter-laboratory reproducibility of the test were found to be fully acceptable. The results obtained under two of the laboratory test conditions were compared with five washes in an industrial laundry under similar conditions and acceptable correlations were found. [source] | ||||||||||