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Intermediate Type (intermediate + type)
Selected AbstractsCastleman's disease with numerous mantle zone lymphocytes with clear cytoplasm involving the skin: case reportJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2009Dario Tomasini Castleman's disease (CD) is an unusual lymphoid hyperplasia occurring in the mediastinal lymph nodes and, less frequently, in the neck lymph nodes. CD is classified clinically into a unicentric and a multicentric type, whereas three histomorphological variants are recognized: the hyaline vascular type, the intermediate type and the plasma cell type. We report the clinical and pathological features of a 54-year-old female suffering with multiple sclerosis and developing a lymph node hyaline-vascular type CD relapsing in the skin after 24 months. Histological features showed a nodular dermatitis with atrophic germinal centers and an ,onion skin' rimming of lymphocytes in the mantle zone with numerous mantle zone lymphocytes with clear cytoplasm, with a CD20+, CD79a+, IgM+, IgG,, IgA,, CD5,, CD10,, CD43,, CD45RO,, bcl-2+ and bcl-6, phenotype with polytypic nature supporting the diagnosis of lymphoid variant of hyaline-vascular CD. This case shows that skin CD recapitulates all the histological variants of lymph node CD. Considering the many similarities between the present case and the primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, it is important to bear in mind this atypical lymphoproliferative disorder in order to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. [source] NS5A mutations predict biochemical but not virological response to interferon-, treatment of sporadic hepatitis C virus infection in European patientsJOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 4 2001I. Stratidaki The NS5A region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome has been reported by Japanese but not European investigators to be a significant factor in predicting interferon (IFN) response patients with HCV of genotype 1. We correlated the NS5A region with treatment outcome in patients with sporadic HCV infection. Twenty-eight patients (10 men, 18 women, mean age 60 ± 2 years) with histologically proven HCV chronic hepatitis, genotype 1b, were treated with 6 MU IFN-, for 6 months. The 6954,7073 area of the NS5A region was directly sequenced for nucleotide and amino acids mutations and the results were related to biochemical and virological response. None of the patients had a strain with nucleotide sequence identical to the Japanese HCV-J. However, in five strains the nucleotide mutations led to synonymous amino acids and the amino acid sequences were identical to the prototype Japanese strain. Only 2/28 patients had four or more amino acid mutations (mutant strains) while 21 demonstrated an intermediate type and five belonged to the wild-type. The most frequent non-synonymous substitution was at position 6982 (A,G) corresponding to an amino acid change at codon 2218 (His,Arg). All patients with the wild-type were biochemical nonresponders while the two patients with the mutant strains had a sustained biochemical response. Twenty-three percent of the intermediate type had a sustained biochemical response. NS5A mutations predict the biochemical but not the virological response of patients. Virological response was poor and unrelated to the type of HCV strain. Biochemical responders had significantly lower amino acid mutations (1.14 ± 0.19) compared with nonresponders (2.57 ± 1.4, P < 0.003) as well as lower aminotransferase values (P < 0.01). Hence, mutational analysis of the NS5A region showed that our patients have a mutational profile similar to the European studies with a wild-type that is slightly different from the Japanese HCV-J sequence. The biochemical, but not the virological response to IFN-, is similar to the Japanese studies, with no response of the patients with wild-type sequence, a good response in the limited number of patients with mutant strains and 23% response rate in the patients with intermediate type sequences. [source] The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Nervous System: Controversies in Surgical NeuropathologyBRAIN PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Bernd W. Scheithauer MD Abstract Controversy surrounds the recent 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Nervous System. A number of nosologic issues remain to be resolved, some a reflection of conceptual disagreement, others the result of inadequate data to permit their definitive resolution. Among these and discussed herein are (i) the nosologic place of highly anaplastic oligoastrocytic tumors, (ii) the forms and significance of microvascular changes in high-grade gliomas, (iii) the makeup of the glioneuronal tumors category, (iv) the subclassification of pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate type, and (v) the classification of principle forms of mesenchymal neoplasms, specifically hemangiopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumor. These issues and others are the substance of this and an upcoming companion article. [source] A New Sauropod, Gongxianosaurus, from the Lower Jurassic of Sichuan, ChinaACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2000LUO Yaonan Abstract The paper describes an early and primitive sauropod dinosaur, Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis (gen. et sp. nov.), from the Dongyuemiao Member of the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in Shibei Township, Gongxian County, Sichuan Province, China, which is one of the 5 dinosaur fossils discovered in Gongxian in 1997. Except the skull which is incomplete, the fossils are well preserved. It has some features of both sauropods and prosauropods. It is an intermediate type in the evolution of dinosaurs from prosauropods to sauropods and provides materials for the study of the origin and evolution of the sauropod dinosaur fauna. The discovery of this new sauropod furnishes a way for the stratigraphic correlation between the Early Jurassic Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan basin and the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation in the Central Yunnan basin. [source] Effects of sepsis on mast cells in rat dura mater: influence of L -NAME and VIPBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 7 2001F Tore The influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis on the various mast cell phenotypes of rat dura mater were examined both by immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Three different populations of mast cells were identified in control rats: connective tissue type mast cells (CTMC) which contain rat mast cell protease1 (RMCP1), histamine, serotonin and heparin, mucosal type mast cells (MMC) which contain RMCP2, histamine and serotonin, and intermediate type which contains both RMCP1 and RMCP2 and probably various proportions of amines and heparin. LPS (25 mg kg,1 i.p.) caused changes in the proportions of the various types of mast cells. The number of MMC and intermediate type mast cells significantly increased and the number of mast cells immunopositive for both heparin and serotonin significantly decreased. Biochemical analysis showed that the histamine concentration of dura increased while its serotonin concentration decreased. While vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (25 ng kg,1 i.p.) appears to potentiate LPS effects on dura mater mast cells, non-selective inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase by Ng -nitro- L -arginine methyl ester (L -NAME) (30 mg kg,1 i.p.) did not influence sepsis-induced mast cell changes. These findings suggest that mast cells of dura mater may play a role in brain protection during sepsis. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 134, 1367,1374; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704412 [source] Crystal Structure of , -Cyclodextrin-Felbinac Inclusion ComplexCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2009Enju Wang Abstract The crystal structure of the inclusion complex of , -cyclodextrin (, -CD) synthesized with felbinac (4-biphenylacetic acid) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction at 150 K. The complex contains two , -CDs, two felbinac molecules, twenty-two water molecules in the asymmetric unit, and could be formulated as (C42H70O35)2·(C14H12O2)2·22(H2O). In the crystal lattice, the two , -CD moieties form a head-to-head dimer jointed through hydrogen bonds, and the felbinacs that interact by face-to-face ,-, stacking are included in the , -CD dimer cavity with their carboxyl groups protruding out from cavity opening. In crystals the dimer units of , -CD are stacked in an intermediate type (IM) that consists of closely packed , -CD dimer layers. [source] Differential patterns of morphological and molecular hybridization between Fraxinus excelsior L. and Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl (Oleaceae) in eastern and western FranceMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 11 2006J. F. FERNANDEZ-MANJARRES Abstract We examined large-scale patterns of morphology, genetic structure and ecological correlates of Fraxinus excelsior and the closely related species Fraxinus angustifolia in France, in order to determine the degree of hybridization between them. We sampled 24 populations in two putative hybrid zones (Loire and Saône), and five control populations of each species. We measured foliar characteristics of adult trees and used five nuclear microsatellites as molecular markers. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated that the two species differ in morphology, but that intermediate types are common in the Loire region but less frequent in the Saône region. Bayesian population assignment identified one F. angustifolia and two F. excelsior gene pools. Most Loire individuals clustered genetically with the F. angustifolia gene pool. In contrast, the Saône region presented individuals belonging mostly to F. excelsior pools, although the F. angustifolia type was frequent in certain populations. The lowest FST values were found between the Loire and F. angustifolia controls that also exhibited no significant isolation by distance. The proportion of the F. angustifolia gene pool in each locality was negatively correlated with winter temperatures, suggesting that a cold climate may be limiting. Hybridization is probably favoured by the intermediate climatic conditions in the Loire region that allow both species to occur, but is somewhat hampered by the harsher winters in the Saône area where morphological introgression has apparently not yet occurred. [source] Flat galaxies in the SDSS DR6ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 9-10 2009S.J. Kautsch Abstract This study presents the fractions of different spiral galaxy types from a complete and homogeneous sample of 15 127 edge-on disk galaxies extracted from the sixth data release from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The sample is divided in broad morphological classes and sub types consisting of galaxies with bulges, intermediate types and galaxies which appear bulgeless. A small fraction of disky irregulars is also detected. The morphological separation is based on automated classification criteria which resemble the bulge sizes and the flatness of the disks. Each of these broad classes contains about 1/3 of the total sample. Using strict criteria for selecting pure bulgeless galaxies leads to a fraction of 15 % of simple disk galaxies (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Edge-on disk galaxies in the SDSS DR6: Fractions of bulgeless and other disk galaxiesASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 1 2009S.J. KautschArticle first published online: 2 JAN 200 Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the fractions of different spiral galaxy types, especially bulgeless disks, from a complete and homogeneous sample of 15 127 edge-on disk galaxies extracted from the sixth data release from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The sample is divided in broad morphological classes and sub types consisting of galaxies with bulges, intermediate types and galaxies which appear bulgeless. A small fraction of disky irregulars is also detected. The morphological separation is based on automated classification criteria which resemble the bulge sizes and the flatness of the disks. Each of these broad classes contains about 1/3 of the total sample. Using strict criteria for selecting pure bulgeless galaxies leads to a fraction of 15% of simple disk galaxies. We compare this fraction to other galaxy catalogs and find an excellent agreement of the observed frequency of bulgeless galaxies. Although the fraction of simple disk galaxies in this study does not represent a "cosmic" fraction of bulgeless galaxies, it shows that the relative abundance of pure disks is comparable to other studies and offers a profound value of the frequency of simple disks in the local Universe. This fraction of simple disks emphasizes the challenge for formation and evolution models of disk galaxies since these models are hard pressed to explain the observed frequency of these objects (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | ||||||||||