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Intergenerational Transfers (intergenerational + transfer)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	63%
Humanities and Social Sciences	18%

Selected Abstracts

Intergenerational Transfer of Human Capital and Optimal Education Policy

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 4 2006
HELMUTH CREMER
We study the design of education policies (subsidies and public education) when parents' investment in education is motivated by warm-glow altruism and determines the probability that a child has a high ability. The optimal subsidy is not necessarily positive. It is determined by two conflicting terms: a Pigouvian term (warm-glow altruists do not properly account for the impact of education on future generations) and a "paternalistic" effect (the warm-glow term may not be fully included in social welfare). Finally, total crowding out of private expenditure (for one of the types) by public education may be desirable. [source]

Intergenerational Transfers, and Public Pensions in a Non Altuistic Setting: a Public Choice Model

LABOUR, Issue 1 2001
Furio Camillo Rosati
The paper presents a model based on non-altruistic individuals, where middle aged and old individuals influence the decisions about public social security system. This is an alternative or a complement to private intergenerational transfers. Fertility is endogenous, as children are seen as an assets in the process of transferring resources to old age by the network of intergenerational intrafamily transfers. Expectations about the Government social security budget balance play a crucial role. We also present some empirical estimates of the fertility and pension ,demand' function for some developed countries. It emerges that both can be treated as endogenous, and the results are coherent with the theory. [source]

Motives for Intergenerational Transfers: New Test for Exchange

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Jingshu Wang
The question of motives for private transfers is one with important policy implications. The evidence from empirical literature has been mixed. This study proposes new tests and evidence of the "exchange motive." It examines the key assumption on which the exchange motive model is built: that a donor's behavior is determined by his/her own expectation of receiving inter-vivos transfers or bequests in return. Results from national data show that adult children's time transfers to their aging parents were positively associated with their expectation of inter-vivos financial transfers, but not with their expectation of receiving bequests. [source]

Youth, AIDS and Rural Livelihoods in Southern Africa

GEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008
Lorraine Van Blerk
AIDS, in interaction with other factors, is impacting on the livelihood activities, opportunities and choices of young people in southern Africa. This article explores these linkages firstly by reviewing what is known about the impacts of AIDS on young people, before looking more specifically at how this impinges on their future ability to secure livelihoods. Within the home and family, AIDS often results in youth taking on a heavy burden of responsibilities. This can include caring for sick relatives, helping with chores and taking on paid employment. This burden of care and work can have further impacts on young people's future livelihoods as they find they have reduced access to schooling, potential loss of inheritance and a breakdown in the intergenerational transfer of knowledge, which is especially important for sustained agricultural production. The article ends by suggesting that the sustainable livelihoods approach can be useful for understanding the complexity of the issues surrounding the impacts of AIDS on young people's livelihoods and calls for further research to explore how their access to future sustainable livelihoods in rural southern Africa might be supported. [source]

Succeeding at succession: the myth of Orestes

THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
Kenneth Eisold
Abstract:, Although the myth of Oedipus seems an inevitable template for understanding succession in psychoanalysis, the myth of Orestes offers a more complex and promising view of the intergenerational transfer of leadership and authority, one that takes into account the entire community, not merely the individual leader. A closer look at the Aeschylus drama suggests three dimensions that need to be taken into account in managing succession: what are the mechanisms enabling the community to participate, what is the role of the unconscious irrational forces inevitably aroused in the process, and what are the wider social and economic issues that need to be addressed? This paper looks at the myth elaborated in the Greek drama, and then applies it to some of the current problems facing contemporary psychoanalytic institutions. Translations of Abstract Bien que le mythe d'Oedipe semble un modèle incontournable pour appréhender la question de la succession en psychanalyse, le mythe d'Oreste offre une vision plus complexe et plus riche du transfert intergénérationnel de leadership et d'autorité, dans la mesure où il prend en compte la communauté dans son ensemble et pas seulement le leader en tant qu'individu. Un regard plus attentif à la tragédie d'Eschyle laisse apparaître trois dimensions à prendre en compte dans la compréhension de la succession: les mécanismes permettant à la communauté de participer, le rôle de l'inconscient et des forces irrationnelles émergeant inévitablement au cours du processus et les questions économiques et sociales plus globales qui se posent. Cet article se penche sur le mythe tel qu'il est élaboré dans la tragédie grecque et s'en sert pour éclairer certains problèmes actuels rencontrés dans nos institutions psychanalytiques. Obgleich der Mythos des Ödipus für die Psychoanalyse eine unverzichtbare Schablone zu sein scheint, um das Problem der Erbfolge zu verstehen, bietet der Mythos des Orest eine komplexere und aussichtsreichere Perspektive auf die intergenerationale Weitergabe von Führerschaft und Autorität, nämlich eine, die die gesamte Gemeinschaft berücksichtigt, nicht nur den individuellen Führer. Eine nähere Betrachtung von Äschylus Drama führt zu der Empfehlung, drei Dimensionen der Weitergabe eines Erbes fragend in Betracht zu ziehen: welche Mechanismen ermöglichen der Gemeinschaft, Anteil zu nehmen, worin besteht die Rolle des Unbewußten, der irrationalen Kräfte, die unweigerlich im Prozeß auftreten und welches sind die weiteren sozialen und ökonomischen Fragen, die angesprochen werden müssen? Dieser Text betrachtet den in dem griechischen Drama entwickelten Mythos und wendet ihn darauf folgend auf einige zeitgenössische Problemfelder an, denen heutige psychoanalytische Institutionen gegenüberstehen. Sebbene il mito di Edipo sembri l'inevitabile architrave per comprendere la successione in psicoanalisi, il mito di Oreste offre una visione più complessa e promettente del passaggio intergenerazionale della leadership e della autorità, visione che tiene in considerazione l'intera comunità e non solo il leader individuale. Uno sguardo più attento al dramma di Eschilo mostra come debbano essere considerate tre dimensioni perché una successione riesca: quali sono i meccanismi che permettono alla comunità di partecipare, quale è il ruolo delle forze inconsce, irrazionali che inevitabilmente si attivano nel processo e quali sono i principali obiettivi sociali ed economici che devono essere indicati . In questo lavoro si analizza il mito elaborato nel dramma greco e lo si applica poi ad alcuni dei problemi attuali che le moderne società psicoanalitiche devono affrontare. Aún cuando el mito de Edipo pareciera una condición inevitable para entender al proceso de sucesión en psicoanálisis, el mito de Orestes ofrece una visión mas compleja y prometedora de la trasmisión intergeneracional del liderazgo y la autoridad, este tomaría en cuenta a toda una comunidad, y no solamente a un líder individual. Una mirada mas acuciosa del drama de Esquilo sugiere tres dimensiones que deben ser tomadas en cuenta en el manejo de la sucesión: cuales mecanismos permiten la participación de la comunidad, cual es el papel de las fuerzas irracionales e inconsciente que inevitablemente surgen en el proceso, y cuales son los amplios asuntos sociales y económicos que necesitamos estudiar? Este trabajo observa al mito elaborado en el drama griego y lo aplica a la comprensión de algunos de los problemas que enfrentan las instituciones psicoanalíticas contemporáneas. [source]

FISCAL POLICY, EXPECTATION TRAPS, AND CHILD LABOR

ECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 3 2007
PATRICK M. EMERSON
This paper develops a dynamic model with overlapping generations where there are two possible equilibria: one without child labor, and one with it. It is shown that intergenerational transfers can eliminate the child labor equilibrium and that this intervention is Pareto improving. However, if society does not believe that the government will implement the transfer program, it won't, reinforcing society's expectations. This is true even if the transfer program would have been implemented in the absence of uncertainty. Thus a government may be powerless to prevent the child labor equilibrium if it does not command the confidence of their populace, leaving the country in an expectations trap. (JEL D91, E60, J20, O20) [source]

Social Security and Growth in an Altruistic Economy

GERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2002
Berthold U. Wigger
This paper studies the macroeconomic impact of private and public intergenerational transfers in the presence of endogenous growth. It focuses on two-sided altruism implying that individuals have both a motive to make gifts to their parents and a motive to leave bequests to their children. The growth effects of social security depend on whether children are making gifts to their parents or parents are leaving bequests to their children. Which of the transfers is operative, in turn, depends on the size of social security benefits. Social security is legislated endogenously. The introduction of a social security program which definitely reduces per capita income growth and harms future generations is contemplated by altruistic individuals even if non-altruistic individuals disapprove it. [source]

Credit Markets With Differences in Abilities: Education, Distribution, and Growth

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2000
José De Gregorio
This article presents an endogenous growth model in which credit markets affect time allocation of individuals with different educational abilities. Credit markets allow the more able to specialize in studying and the less able to specialize in working. This specialization can increase growth and welfare. This article also shows that in economies with high (low) levels of education abilities, the opening of credit markets induces a more disperse (equal) income distribution. The role of intergenerational transfers in overcoming the absence of credit markets is also discussed, as well as other forms of credit markets imperfections. [source]

Intergenerational Transfers, and Public Pensions in a Non Altuistic Setting: a Public Choice Model

Retirement Incomes: Private Savings versus Social Transfers

THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 5 2000
John Creedy
It has long been known, from the work of Samuelson and Aaron, that if (approximately) the sum of the population and real earnings growth rates exceeds the real interest rate, all individuals can be made better off by using a pay-as-you-go pension scheme. The basic overlapping generations model that is typically used to examine such intergenerational transfers makes no allowance for labour supply responses to taxes and transfers, and so cannot be used to examine optimal tax and pension levels. The present paper allows for labour supply effects, whereby a tax imposed to finance current pensions introduces distortions to labour supply and a reduction in the tax base. The optimal proportional tax rate, and therefore the optimal combination of private savings and social transfers, is derived in terms of the time preference rate, the taste for leisure, real interest and productivity and population growth rates. It is found that the condition under which the optimal tax is positive is the same as the Samuelson,Aaron condition. A crucial ingredient in obtaining this result is an assumption that pension levels are adjusted in line with the growth of wage rates rather than, for example, being held constant in real terms. This in turn is found to imply that earnings grow at the same rate as the wage, so long as preferences are such that leisure can be expressed as a proportion of full income. [source]

Intergenerational support and subjective health of older people in rural China: A gender-based longitudinal study

AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 2 2009
Shuzhuo Li
Aim:, To examine gender differences in the effect of intergenerational exchanges on subjective health of Chinese rural elderly. Methods:, Using the data from three waves of the survey ,Well-being of Elderly in Anhui Province, China' conducted in 2001, 2003 and 2006, respectively, this study uses random effect logit models for men and women separately. Results:, While an increase in instrumental support from children to older people is associated with deterioration in the subjective health of older men, financial support from older people to children is associated with improvement in the formers' subjective health. Although an increase in instrumental support from older people to children, and mutual emotional support is associated with improved subjective health of older women, financial support from children to older women has a negative effect on the latter's subjective health. Conclusions:, Reciprocal intergenerational transfers contribute to improvement in subjective health of older people, while increased support through demand-based transfers appears to result in deterioration of their health. [source]