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Interferon Response (interferon + response)
Selected AbstractsChallenges and strategies: The immune responses in gene therapyMEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS, Issue 6 2004Hai-sheng Zhou Abstract The host immune responses, including T lymphocytes mediated immune response and humoral immune responses are the important parts of the challenges in gene therapy. There are some potential immunostimulants in gene delivery systems, such as viral and non-viral vectors. Viral gene products, transgene products, viral proteins derived from viral particles required by dead-end infection, and CpG DNA in plasmid may play important roles in inducing the host immune responses when foreign genes are transferred into the targeted tissues. The immune responses should lead to many problems in gene therapy: transient expression of therapeutic gene, non-efficient re-administration of the same vectors, and severe side-effects in clinical trials. Although RNAi may act as gene therapeutic agent for suppression of specific gene expression, little attention has been given to the potential non-specific effects that might be induced. It was reported that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can induce the host interferon response following transfected to mammalian cells. Facing these challenges, a number of studies have been focused on taking measures to solve them, such as immunosuppression, selection of different administration routes and dose of the vectors, using the tissue-specific promoters and modifying the vectors. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 24, No. 6, 748,761, 2004 [source] Viral ssRNA Induces First Trimester Trophoblast Apoptosis through an Inflammatory MechanismAMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Paulomi B. Aldo Citation Aldo PB, Mulla MJ, Romero R, Mor G, Abrahams VM. Viral ssRNA induces first-trimester trophoblast apoptosis through an inflammatory mechanism. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 27,37 Problem, Infection during pregnancy represents a significant cause of mobility and mortality. While viruses pose a major threat, little is known about their effect on early pregnancy, or the mechanisms involved. The objective of this study was to characterize the trophoblast response following exposure to viral ssRNA. Method of study, First trimester trophoblast cells were treated with or without viral ssRNA. Cytokine production was measured using multiplex analysis and ELISA. Apoptosis was determined using Hoechst staining, cell viability, and caspase activity assays. Results, Treatment of trophoblasts with viral ssRNA increased their secretion of IL-8, IL-6, and IFN,. However, the ssRNA also induced trophoblast apoptosis. To test whether the viral ssRNA-induced inflammatory response was responsible for this induction of apoptosis, conditioned media (CM) from trophoblasts were added to a fresh culture of cells. The CM from viral ssRNA-treated induced higher levels of trophoblast apoptosis than the control CM. Moreover, recombinant IFN, induced trophoblast apoptosis. Conclusion, We demonstrate that viral ssRNA induces a pro-inflammatory and type I interferon response in the trophoblast and this inflammatory process may indirectly induce trophoblast apoptosis. These results provide a novel mechanism by which certain viral infections might compromise placental integrity and function, and therefore, pregnancy outcome. [source] Distinct pattern of gene expression in pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL), a lymphoma developing in long-standing inflammationCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 10 2004Mieko Nishiu Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a unique lymphoma developing in the pleural cavity after long-standing pyothorax. They are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), frequently with immunoblastic morphology, and show a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this study, cDNA microarray analysis was performed in six cases with PAL and 12 with nodal DLBCL. Among 5516 informative genes, 348 displayed more than 2-fold difference (higher or lower) of expression level between PAL and nodal DLBCL (P>0.001). These genes are known to be involved in apoptosis, interferon response, and signal transduction. One of the most differentially expressed genes, IFI27 (interferon-,-inducible protein 27) was subjected to quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and increased expression of IFI27 was confirmed. Over-expression of IFI27 was also found in cell lines derived from PAL, but not in other lymphoid cell lines. This study shows that PAL is a distinctive subtype of DLBCL not only in its clinical presentation, but also in its molecular profile. [source] Non-invasive imaging of mouse hepatitis coronavirus infection reveals determinants of viral replication and spread in vivoCELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Matthijs Raaben Summary Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful new method to study virus dissemination in the live animal. Here we used this method to monitor the spatial and temporal progression of mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) infection in mice using luciferase-expressing viruses. Upon intranasal inoculation, virus replication could initially be observed in the nasal cavity and the cervical lymph nodes, after which the infection spread to the brain and frequently to the eyes. The kinetics of virus spread to and clearance from the brain appeared to depend on the inoculation dose. After intraperitoneal inoculation, virus replication was predominantly observed in the liver and occasionally in the intestines, but interestingly also in the tail and paws. BLI thus elucidated new anatomic locations of virus replication. Furthermore, MHV dissemination was shown to be critically depended on the viral spike protein, but also on the mouse strain used. Widespread dissemination was observed in mice lacking a functional type I interferon response. The importance of the type I interferon system in limiting viral spread was also demonstrated by the administration of type I interferons to mice. Our results provide new insights in coronavirus pathogenesis and demonstrate the potential of BLI to study coronavirus,host interactions in vivo. [source] Mast cells and type I interferon responses in the skin of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis: Are current therapies just scratching the surface?ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 9 2010Lisa G. Rider First page of article [source] | ||||||||||