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Interacting Groups (interacting + groups)
Selected AbstractsUnited we win, divided we fail?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Effects of cognitive merger representations, performance feedback on merging groups Research has shown that cognitive representations of mergers influence intergroup evaluations. This paper extends this research by studying how cognitive representations of mergers (one group, dual identity, and two groups) interact with performance feedback (success and failure) to affect intergroup evaluations. Two competing hypotheses were tested, which made different predictions in case of superordinate group salience combined with subgroup salience after merger failure: The subgroup-salience-hypothesis predicts that subgroup salience during a merger generally results in pre-merger ingroup bias toward the pre-merger outgroup (i.e., two groups and dual identity). The superordinate- salience-hypothesis predicts that subgroup salience only results in pre-merger ingroup bias if superordinate group salience is low (i.e., two groups). Both hypotheses predict low levels of ingroup bias after merger success. Study 1 confirmed the second hypothesis using a 3 (merger representation: one group, dual identity, and two groups),×,2 (merger feedback: failure and success) design with interacting groups. Study 2 replicated the results in an adapted minimal group paradigm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] "Spontaneous" Interethnic Order: The Emergence of Collective, Path-Dependent CooperationINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2000Badredine Arfi Can "spontaneous," decentralized interethnic cooperation emerge among ethnic groups whose members heavily discount future interethnic relations and do not fear punishment for interethnic noncooperation? Why is it that once the interaction between two ethnic groups evolves along a certain (cooperative or conflictual) path it sometimes becomes harder for the interacting groups to reverse course and seek alternative paths? The answer to these two questions lies in the fact that individual members not only are always calculative and could hence act opportunistically, but also are interdependent and can learn from one another. Because the members of interacting groups operate interdependently they thereby create collective nonlinear path dependence. Using a social game (within evolutionary game theory) the article shows counterintuitively that the emergence of collective, nonlinear path dependence within and across ethnic groups whose members heavily discount the future and face no punishment for interethnic noncooperation makes "spontaneous" decentralized interethnic cooperation a long-run equilibrium. Collective cooperation can thus develop path-dependently among ethnic groups without a Damocles' sword of any sort hanging over their members' heads, even when most individuals are shortsighted and opportunistic. [source] Comparison of specific interactions in P4VP/PSCA and PS4VP/PSCA blends and complexesJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 5 2008Naima Bouslah Abstract The compatibilization of an immiscible polymer system polystyrene/poly(4-vinylpyridine) has been induced by the introduction of carboxylic acid groups within the polystyrene chains. Poly(styrene- co -cinnamic acid), PSCA, copolymers were used to prepare blends and complexes with poly(4-vinylpyridine), P4VP, and in a second time with poly(styrene- co -4-vinylpyridine), PS4VP, copolymer in order to reduce the density of the interacting groups. The miscibility of the systems has been ascertained by DSC, which revealed that both blends and complexes exhibit a single glass transition temperature indicating their single phase nature. The Tgs of the complexes of PS4VP with PSCA15, containing 15 mol % of cinnamic acid content, were higher than those of the corresponding blends indicating that stronger interpolymer interactions were developed in the complexes. Furthermore, the application of the Kwei equation suggested that P4VP interacts more strongly with PSCA15 than does PS4VP. FTIR spectra revealed the development of hydrogen bonding within the PS4VP/PSCA system and both hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction in the P4VP/PSCA blends whereas the same interactions were expected in both systems. This observation confirmed the stronger ability of P4VP to interact with PSCA copolymer. The viscosimetric study showed both positive and negative deviations of the reduced viscosity of the blends from the additivity law confirming the presence of specific interactions within the blend solutions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source] Reply to "Comment on Aromatic-Backbone Interactions in Model ,-Helical Peptides"JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2008József Csontos Abstract In response to Van Mourik's comments on our paper (J Comput Chem 2007, 28, 1208.) we present an extended version of our rotation method. We also prove that intramolecular interaction energies as well the basis set superposition errors calculated with our rotation method are comparable with those obtained by the counterpoise method of Boys and Bernardi (Mol Phys 1970, 19, 533). In intramolecular interaction energy calculations, if the interacting groups are in proximity, our rotation method is recommended to avoid artificial interactions, which can be induced by fragmentation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Comput Chem, 2008 [source] Ethnicity and Shared Meanings: A Case Study of the "Orphaned Bones" Ritual in Mainland China and OverseasAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 4 2009Bernard Formoso ABSTRACT Several theories of ethnicity emphasize the analysis of intergroup relations. They neglect, however, the conflation of ideas and values structuring these relations,notably the cross-cultural aggregates of shared cultural meanings that underlie forms of cooperation and competition between interacting groups. In this article, I explore this kind of process through a multisite ethnography of the Xiu gugu ("refining of orphaned bones"), a ritual that the Chaozhou people of northeast Guangdong province, an ethnic subgroup of the Han, perform periodically. The celebration of this rite in Chaozhou is compared to versions resulting of the ritual in Malay Muslim and Thai Buddhist contexts. In the latter case, close conceptions of malevolent death underlie a fascinating interethnic cooperation, with most of the unfortunate dead whose bones are "refined" during the Chaozhou ritual being Thai. [source] | ||||||||||