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Intense Changes (intense + change)
Selected Abstracts,Economic rationalism' in Canberra and Canada: Public sector reorganisation, politics, and powerAUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 1 2003Herman Schwartz Australian public sector institutions and public sector labour relations experienced intense change during the 1980s and 1990s. Proponents of restructuring sought to insert market-like pressures into areas formerly governed by bureaucratic mechanisms. This reversed a trend towards continual growth in state provision of non-market based social protection and social welfare, and continual growth in the public sector's share of the economy. The politics and content of Australian public sector restructuring under Labor and then the Liberals substantially resembled restructuring efforts in two Canadian provinces. In all three examples, political pacts between unions in the exposed and non-exposed sectors, and between organised labour and capital, determined the direction of change. But the level of institutional robustness of these various actors determined both the pace and effectiveness of change. Weak employer organisations and unions incapable of sustaining pacts in Canada produced wider oscillations in policy content that attained less substantive success than in Australia. [source] Violence in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period: social tension?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 5 2004A. Lessa Abstract Tiwanaku influence significantly affected the lifestyle of the prehistoric peoples of the Atacama Desert as it represented an important period of social and economic change. Such intense changes as social stratification and new religious and ideological influences have always been characterized as peaceful ones. Palaeopathological studies based on the violence-induced traumatic lesions of 64 well-preserved human skeletons from an excavated funerary site named Solcor-3 have facilitated a comparison between Pre-Tiwanaku and Tiwanaku periods. Results show an increase in violence between males represented by low-intensity skull traumas, arrow wounds and a high mortality rate between 20 and 30 years of age during the Tiwanaku period. The interpretation of this data is contrary to the model of peaceful acceptance of the changes that followed the Tiwanaku influence into the Atacama. At least for Solcor-3, economic and political factors should be re-considered in order to explain the emergence of social tension during the Tiwanaku period. In the future, more detailed studies will probably help to clarify if conflicts had also extended to other sites in San Pedro de Atacama under Tiwanaku influence. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Why dat now?: Linguistic-anthropological contributions to the explanation of sociolinguistic icons and change1JOURNAL OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS, Issue 4 2008Kathryn A. Woolard One way to renew conversation between linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics is to bring concepts of linguistic ideology to the explanation of the iconization of specific sociolinguistic variables and associated sociolinguistic change. Sociolinguists such as Eckert (2000) and Milroy (2004) have made provocative efforts to incorporate linguistic-anthropological concepts into sociolinguistic explanation. What is still lacking is a full explanation of why specific linguistic variables emerge from the flow of speech and social life to become sociolinguistic icons or emblems and set off relatively rapid or intense changes. This article brings Joseph Errington's (1985) use of the concept of pragmatic salience to bear on insights gleaned from vanguard sociolinguistic and linguistic-anthropological work. Drawing on empirical examples from a spectrum of studies, a model is sketched from these elements to suggest an account of how an ideological bent directs linguistic change. [source] HHV-8 infection status of AIDS-unrelated and AIDS-associated multicentric Castleman's diseasePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2001Tetsuji Suda Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) is a clinicopathologically defined entity characterized by systemic lymphadenopathy with unique pathomorphology such as angiosclerosis, blood vessel proliferation in and around follicles, and plasmacytosis. While its pathogenesis has remained unclarified for many years, identification of the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in at least some MCD cases has opened new perspectives in this field. Because previous reports have described many inconsistencies regarding HHV-8 positivity in MCD, we intended to clarify this issue by the introduction of more convincing methodologies. For this investigation, we introduced two antibodies produced in our laboratories that recognize a latent gene product ORF73 and a lytic gene product ORF59, together with two well-recognized methods, in situ hybridization for the detection of lytic phase transcript T1.1/nut -1, and genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eighty-two cases of MCD were collected from Japan (n= 75) and France (n= 7). In three cases, the patients were suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed identical results: only three out of 82 cases were positively stained, and all the positive cases were found to be the patients with AIDS. Genomic PCR was done in 43 cases, and only one case produced positive results: the only AIDS case among the 43 cases studied by genomic PCR. Histopathologically, the HHV-8-positive cases showed the highest intensity of angiosclerosis and germinal center / perifollicular vascular proliferation, while plasmacytosis was not severe in the HHV-8-positive cases. Some of the HHV-8-negative MCD cases displayed similar histopathology, but at a far less intense level, except for the plasmacytosis. These results suggest that: (i) all three of the HHV-8-positive MCD patients in the present group are the patients with AIDS; and (ii) HHV-8-positive MCD patients develop typical but marked angiosclerosis and vascular proliferation that might be differentiated from HHV-8-negative MCD patients, who showed far less intense changes. [source] | ||||||||||