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Intellectual Context (intellectual + context)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences83%

Selected Abstracts

The grammar of profit: the price revolution in intellectual context , Andrea Finkelstein

ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 1 2007
Ian Blanchard
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

There is no ,truth' outside a context: implications for the teaching of analytical psychology in the 21st century

THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Michael Horne
Abstract:, Humans are from birth embedded in a historical and contemporary context of meanings. This always constrains their theoretical and practical activities. In this paper, I will be suggesting that there are no guiding ,truths' outside such contexts. In order to understand the foundations of any concept or new idea, it is important to comprehend the context in which it is embedded. Candidates and some of their teachers have very little knowledge of the intellectual context in which Jung or any other analytic theorist wrote. As a result, the analytic ,founders' are often believed to have discovered ,truths' transcending the context of history and of everyday life. They were, however, as much creative synthesizers as pure originators. I propose that the components of all analytic theories emerge from their embeddedness. I contend, therefore, that the understandings of these components such as psychic causality, epistemology and identity formation were quite differently conceived at the time the analytic founders were working than they are today. I will give examples to show how the acceptance of this attitude is useful in inculcating a discerning approach in candidates towards traditionally accepted analytic theories and practices. This can provide them with a method to promote their individual creative development. Translations of Abstract L'être humain est pris dès sa naissance dans un contexte de sens, historique et contemporain. Ceci délimite toujours ses activités théoriques et pratiques. Dans cet article, je suggère qu'il n'existe pas de , vérités premières » en dehors d'un tel contexte. Pour comprendre pleinement les fondements de tout nouveau concept ou idée, il est important d'englober la situation de discours dans lequel l'idée est enchâssée. Les candidats en formation et certains de leurs enseignants possèdent une connaissance très restreinte du contexte intellectuel dans lequel Jung,ou tout autre théoricien analytique,produisit son ,uvre. Avec pour résultat, la croyance commune que les , fondateurs » analytiques auraient découvert des vérités transcendant le contexte de l'histoire et de la vie quotidienne, alors qu'ils furent en réalité des synthétiseurs créatifs autant que de purs découvreurs. J'avance l'idée que les composantes de toute théorie analytique émergent de leur contexte sémantique et j'affirme par conséquent, que des composantes telles que la causalité psychique, l'épistémologie et la constitution de l'identité furent conçues différemment à l'époque des fondateurs qu'elles ne le sont aujourd'hui. Je montre à travers des exemples, qu'une telle attitude contribue à inculquer aux candidats en formation une approche critique des théories et des pratiques analytiques communément admises. Elle peut leur fournir une méthode propice au développement de leur créativité personnelle. Alle Menschen sind von Geburt an in einem historischen und zeitgenössischen Zusammenhang eingebettet. Hierdurch werden ihre theoretischen und praktischen Aktivitäten eingeschränkt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit vertrete ich die Ansicht, dass es keine leitenden Wahrheiten außerhalb eines solchen Kontextes gibt. Um die Grundlagen eines Konzeptes oder einer neuen Idee zu verstehen, ist es wichtig, den Kontext zu begreifen, in den die Idee eingebettet ist. Auszubildende und einige ihrer Dozenten und Dozentinnen haben wenig Wissen über den intellektuellen Kontext, in dem Jung oder andere analytisch theoretische Autoren und Autorinnen schrieben. Dies führt dazu, dass oft geglaubt wird, analytische ,Gründer' hätten die Wahrheit entdeckt, die weit über den historischen Kontext und das alltägliche Leben hinausgehen. Tatsächlich waren diese jedoch in der Lage, sowohl neue Ideen hervorzubringen, als auch auf kreative Weise vorhandenes Wissen zusammenzustellen. Ich vertrete die Ansicht, dass die Komponenten aller analytischen Theorien aus ihrem Eingebettetsein hervorgehen. Dementsprechend vertrete ich die These, dass alles Verständnis ihrer Komponenten, wie z.B. psychische Kausalität, die Erkenntnistheorie und IdentitätsbiIdung zu Zeiten der analytischen Gründer etwas anders aufgefasst wurden als heutzutage. Ich werde Beispiele geben, um zu zeigen, wie die Anerkennung dieser Einstellung nützlich ist, um Auszubildenden eine differenzierte Wahrnehmung gegenüber der traditionell akzeptierten analytischen Theorie und Praxis zu vermitteln. Dies gibt ihnen eine Methode an die Hand, mit der sie ihre individuelle kreative Entwicklung fördern können. Fin dalla nascita gli esseri umani sono immersi in un contesto storico e contemporaneo di significati. Questo condiziona sempre le loro attività teoriche e pratiche. In questo scritto io sosterrò che non esistono ,verità guida' al di fuori di tali contesti. Per poter comprendere pienamente le fondamenta di qualunque concetto o nuova idea, è importante comprendere il contesto in cui tale idea è radicata. I candidati e alcuni dei loro docenti hanno una scarsa conoscenza del contesto intellettuale nel quale Jung o qualsiasi altro teorico di analisi scrisse. Ne risulta che si crede spesso che i ,fondatori' dell'analisi hanno scoperto ,verità' che trascendono il contesto della storia e della vita di tutti i giorni.Essi erano, comunque, tanto capaci di sintesi creative, quanto creatori. La mia ipotesi è che le componenti di qualunque teoria analitica emergono da dove sono già le loro radici. Il risultato è che io metto in discussione che la comprensione delle loro componenti quali la causalità psichica, l'epistemologia e la costruzione dell'identità fossero concepite differentemente ai tempi in cui lavoravano i fondatori di quanto non lo siano oggi. Porterò degli esempi per dimostrare come l'accettazione di questo atteggiamento sia utile nell'inculcare nei candidati un approccio più attento nei confronti di prassi e teorie analitiche tradizionalmente accettate. Ciò può fornirli di un metodo che incoraggi il loro sviluppo creativo individuale. Los humanos son criados en un contexto contemporáneo de significados históricos. Esto siempre restringe sus actividades prácticas y teóricas. En este trabajo, estaré sugiriendo que no hay ,verdades' que puedan dar guía fuera de estos contextos. Para poder entender en su totalidad los fundamentos de cualquier concepto o idea nueva, es importante comprender el contexto en el cual ella está incluida. Los candidatos y algunos de sus profesores tienen muy poco conocimiento del contexto intelectual en el cual escribieron Jung o cualquier otro teórico del análisis. Como resultado, se cree con frecuencia que los ,pioneros' del análisis han descubierto ,verdades' que trascienden el contexto de la historia y la vida cotidiana. Ellos fueron, sin embargo, tan sintetizadores creativos como originadotes puros. Propongo que los componentes de todas las teorías analíticas emergen de su hábitat. Como consecuencia, Estoy estableciendo que la comprensión de los componentes tales como causalidad psíquica, epistemología, y formación de la identidad fueron concebidas en alguna manera diferente en la época en la cual los fundadores del análisis estaban trabajando que en nuestros días. Daré ejemplos para mostrar como la aceptación de esta actitud es útil para inculcar la capacidad de discernir entre los candidatos en relación a las teorías y prácticas analíticas tradicionalmente aceptadas. Estos les puede proveer un método que promueva su desarrollo creativo individual. [source]

KARL MANNHEIM AND ALOIS RIEGL: FROM ART HISTORY TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE

ART HISTORY, Issue 4 2009
JEREMY TANNER
Karl Mannheim and Erwin Panofsky took Alois Riegl's concept of Kunstwollen as their point of departure in the development of the sciences of cultural interpretation. This article seeks to elucidate the very different readings of Riegl made by Mannheim and Panofsky, and to show how the sociological appropriation and transformation of the concept of Kunstwollen was central to the development of Mannheim's sociology of knowledge, and in particular to the analysis of ,styles of thought' in his classic study Conservative Thought (1927). The limited reception of Mannheim's synthesis of sociology and art history is interpreted in the intellectual context of Britain immediately after the 1939,45 war. [source]

Aldhelm and the Two Cultures of Anglo-Saxon Poetry

LITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2007
Christopher Abram
Old English literature dominates the study of Anglo-Saxon culture as a whole, to the extent that ,Anglo-Saxon' and ,Old English' were for a long time considered synonymous. The Anglo-Saxons, however, also produced a large body of texts in Latin. In this survey, I examine the often false dichotomy sometimes made between Old English and Anglo-Latin literary aesthetics and textual production as they are revealed through Anglo-Saxon poetry, and discuss the post-medieval intellectual contexts that produce and sustain this dichotomy. The figure and work of Aldhelm (c.639 ce,709 ce) is used as an example of how Anglo-Saxon poets often occupied a liminal position between Latinate and Germanic culture. I argue that a proper understanding of Anglo-Saxon culture (and poetry's place within it) requires us to disassemble the artificial barriers that have been erected between Old English and Anglo-Latin verse. [source]

Ethnographic Studies of Childhood: A Historical Overview

AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2007
ROBERT A. LeVINE
In this article, I briefly survey the ethnographic research literature on childhood in the 20th century, beginning with the social and intellectual contexts for discussions of childhood at the turn of the 20th century. The observations of Bronislaw Malinowski and Margaret Mead in the 1920s were followed by later ethnographers, also describing childhood, some of whom criticized developmental theories; still others were influenced initially by Freudian and other psychoanalytic theories and later by the suggestions of Edward Sapir for research on the child's acquisition of culture. The Six Cultures Study led by John Whiting at midcentury was followed by diverse trends of the period after 1960,including field studies of infancy, the social and cultural ecology of children's activities, and language socialization. Ethnographic evidence on hunting and gathering and agricultural peoples was interpreted in evolutionary as well as cultural and psychological terms. The relationship between ethnography and developmental psychology remained problematic. [source]

The World, As It Might Be: Iconography and Probabilism in the Mundus subterraneus of Athanasius Kircher

CENTAURUS, Issue 1 2006
Mark A. Waddell
Abstract. Though one of the best-studied Jesuit naturalists of the 17th century, Athanasius Kircher (1602,1680) remains something of an enigma to modern scholars. Frequently associated with traditions of Renaissance magic and esotericism, and thereby cast as an anachronism at odds with the forward-looking character assigned by historians of science to the 17th century, Kircher was nonetheless a typical product of his time and, more importantly, of the Society of Jesus. This study explores one of Kircher's most important works, the Mundus subterraneus of 1665, in an effort to establish how specific spiritual and intellectual traditions present within the Society affected both the questions that Kircher posed and the methodologies he adopted to answer them. Using a combination of iconography and narrative structure, Kircher emphasized the contemplation of the probable rather than the accumulation of ,facts', thereby permitting his audiences to glimpse for themselves the unseen realms of the world. Drawing on specific meditative traditions already circulating within the Society, as well as strains of an anti-skeptical probabilism that was gaining strength in the Society's schools, Kircher thus shaped an approach to the hidden depths of the Earth that can be usefully linked to his institutional and intellectual contexts. [source]