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Intellectual Capacity (intellectual + capacity)
Selected AbstractsThe Impact of Personal Characteristics of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disability on Self-determination and Autonomous FunctioningJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 4 2003Michael L. Wehmeyer Background, Many people assume that the presence of an intellectual disability precludes a person from becoming self-determined. Recent research, however, has suggested that the environments in which people live, learn, work or play may play a more important role in promoting self-determination then do personal characteristics of the person, including level of intelligence. Methods, This study examined the self-determination and autonomous functioning of 301 adults with intellectual disability or a developmental disability without concomitant intellectual impairments (e.g. persons with cerebral palsy, epilepsy and spina bifida) as a function of personal characteristics of individuals. Results, Intellectual capacity was not a significant contributor to either self-determination or autonomous functioning for this group. Opportunities to make choices, however, contributed significantly and positively to greater self-determination and autonomy. Intelligence scores did, however, predict whether the person worked or lived in more or less restrictive settings, though for the latter, both self-determination and autonomous functioning also contributed significantly. Conclusions, These findings are discussed with regard to the role of personal characteristics, particularly intelligence level, in promoting self-determination and more positive adult outcomes. [source] Can solving of wordchains be explained by phonological skills alone?DYSLEXIA, Issue 1 2010Arve E. Asbjørnsen Abstract The present study focussed on the determinants for effective solving of the Wordchains Test (WCT) in a normative sample of Norwegian junior high-school students. Forty voluntary participants from a rural school district in Western Norway completed the WCT along with tests of general intellectual capacity, single word and non-word reading, auditory working memory, and visual scanning. All measures correlated significantly with each other except for general non-verbal abilities were not correlated with visual scanning. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, using the WCT as the dependent variable, yielded a model that included single word reading, letter recognition, and working memory as independent variables. This model accounted for 75% of the variance in WCT performance. This finding suggests that phonological skills only have an indirect influence on WCT performance. Thus, the core deficit in dyslexia, i.e. impaired phonological skills, may be related to the development of word recognition skills, but have no direct effect on the WCT performance in a normative sample. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Facilitating best practice in aged care: exploring influential factors through critical incident techniqueINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 3 2009Nadine Janes GNC(C) Aim., The focus of this study is on the perspective of facilitators of evidence-based aged care in long-term care (LTC) homes about the factors that influence the outcome of their efforts to encourage nursing staff use of best practice knowledge. Design., Critical incident technique was used to examine facilitators' experiences. Methods., Thirty-four participants submitted critical incident stories about their facilitation experiences through face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, and/or a web-based written questionnaire. The resultant 123 stories were analysed using an inductive qualitative approach. Results., Factors at individual and contextual levels impacted the success of facilitators' work. The approaches and traits of facilitators as well as the emotionality and intellectual capacity of nursing staff were the individual factors of influence. On a contextual level, the inherent leadership, culture, and workload demands within LTC homes, as well as externally imposed standards were influential. Conclusions., Primary factors influencing the facilitation of best aged care in LTC homes appear to be largely relational in nature and intimately connected to the emotionality of those who work within these settings. Enhancing the interactional patterns amongst staff and leaders as well as promoting a positive emotional climate may be particularly effective in promoting better aged care nursing practice. [source] Age and probabilistic reasoning: Biases in conjunctive, disjunctive and Bayesian judgements in early and late adulthoodJOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING, Issue 1 2005John E. Fisk Abstract Probabilistic reasoning plays an essential part in many aspects of our daily routine and it has been argued that as we grow older, the need to make judgements under uncertainty becomes increasingly important. Two studies were conducted to establish whether the propensity to commit probabilistic reasoning errors increased with age. Young (aged 16,24), middle aged (25,54), and older persons (55 years and above) were included. Study 1 revealed systematic biases and errors across a range of judgement tasks. However, no evidence of any age effect in Bayesian inference, the incidence of the conjunction fallacy, or in the number of disjunction errors was found. The results obtained in Study 1 were replicated in Study 2, where the potential mediating role of working memory processes and intellectual capacity were explicitly assessed. While some aspects of probabilistic reasoning performance were correlated with measures of intelligence and working memory functioning among young adults, this was much less evident in older persons. The present findings are discussed in relation to the evolution of the dualistic heuristic,analytical system over the adult lifespan. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cerebral palsy in southern Sweden II.ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2001Gross motor function, disabilities The gross motor function and disabilities in children with cerebral palsy in southern Sweden were investigated and related to clinical features. The study covered the birth year period 1990-1993 and comprised 167 children, 145 of them born in Sweden and 22 born abroad. The clinical features and gross motor function were analysed at a mean age of 6.8 y. Clinical features were obtained from a continuing healthcare follow-up programme. Gross motor function was classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Walking independently was possible for 86% of the hemiplegic, 63% of the pure ataxic, 61% of the diplegic and 21% of the dyskinetic children. None of the tetraplegic children was able to walk. The classification of gross motor function revealed that 59% of the children were categorized into levels I and II (mildly disabled), 14% into level III (moderately disabled) and 27% into levels IV and V (severely disabled). Children born abroad were more severely disabled. Conclusion: The standardized age-related classification system GMFCS enabled a specific description of gross motor function in relation to clinical features. Significant differences between GMFCS levels and subgroups of diagnosis, aetiology, intellectual capacity, epilepsy and visual impairment were found. [source] | ||||||||||