Integrated Pest Management Strategies (integrated + pest_management_strategy)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Salmon farming: towards an Integrated Pest Management strategy for sea lice.

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2002
19 June 2001., SCI Meeting at Department of Zoology, Scotland, University of Aberdeen
First page of article [source]


Native saltbush (Rhagodia spp.; Chenopodiaceae) as a potential reservoir for agromyzid leafminer parasitoids on horticultural farms

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Glenys Wood
Abstract Australia has to date been spared the introduction of highly polyphagous invasive pest agromyzid leafminers; however, their arrival and spread should be considered imminent. To develop a pre-emptive control strategy to deal with exotic leafminer outbreaks the first step is to identify Australian leafmining flies, their plant hosts and their parasitoids to gain an understanding of their population dynamics. Native vegetation may be providing resources for beneficial parasitic wasps plus access to alternative hosts and refuge from disturbance. Here, two Australian endemic saltbushes (Rhagodia candolleana and R. parabolica, Caryophyllales: Chenopodiaceae) have been investigated for their potential to act as reservoirs for endemic agromyzid hosts and their key parasitoids. Mined leaves of the two Rhagodia species were sampled on two commercial horticultural properties in the Virginia horticulture area on the Northern Adelaide Plains between September 2007 and April 2008. Leaf mines on both Rhagodia species were caused by an endemic leafminer species, putatively Phytoliriomyza praecellens Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Ten species of parasitoids (all Hymenoptera) emerged from R. candolleana mines and seven different species from R. parabolica mines, mainly from the family Eulophidae and with some Pteromalidae and Braconidae. Trigonogastrella Girault sp. (Pteromalidae), Zagrammosoma latilineatum Ubaidillah and Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault (both Eulophidae) were the most abundant species on R. candolleana, whereas two Opius Wesmael spp. (Braconidae) were the most abundant species on R. parabolica. Findings from this survey suggest an opportunity to plant purpose-designed refuges that could play a role in conservation biological control as part of an Integrated Pest Management strategy developed prior to incursion of pest leafminers such as Liriomyza species. [source]


Computer simulation of the population dynamics of Panonychus ulmi and applications to integrated pest management,

EPPO BULLETIN, Issue 1 2000
M. Sobala
Panonychus ulmi is a serious pest of apple orchards, especially in hot dry years. To improve quantitative insight into its population dynamics, and as a tool for forecasting optimal dates for visual assessment of abundance and of integrated pest management strategies, an age- and stage-structured temperature-dependent predator,prey model for P. ulmi and two of its natural enemies, Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius potentillae, has been developed. [source]


Potential for controlling codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Argentina using the sterile insect technique and egg parasitoids

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
E. Botto
Abstract Codling moth is the main pest affecting apples and pears worldwide. Most pest control strategies used against this insect have relied on the use of broad-spectrum insecticides which have led to non-desirable effects like pesticide resistance, residues in the environment, human health concerns and the reduction of access to international markets. Therefore, alternative pest control strategies that would result in sustainable fruit production systems while taking care of the environment are strongly promoted. The use of the sterile insect technique has proven to be a valuable pest control tactic within area-wide integrated pest management strategies, and its synergistic effect for Lepidoptera pests when combined with other biological control tactics such as parasitoids has been documented. The purposes of this research were to evaluate the response of an Argentinean codling moth strain to a sub-sterilizing radiation dose of 100 Gy and to assess the acceptability and suitability of sterile codling moth eggs by the egg parasitoids, Trichogramma cacoeciae (Marchal) and Trichogramma nerudai (Pintureau and Gerding). Irradiated female moths survived better than irradiated male moths and non-irradiated male and female moths. Also, the fecundity of irradiated female moths was reduced by more than 30% as compared to non-irradiated ones whereas their fertility was close to zero. The F1 generation was male biased with a lower fertility (inherited sterility) than the parental generation. Trichogramma cacoeciae and T. nerudai parasitized both fertile and sterile eggs. However, there was a significant reduction in acceptability for sterile eggs. Trichogramma nerudai parasitized more eggs than T. cacoeciae, but egg acceptability for this species was proportionally lower than for T. cacoeciae especially on eggs oviposited by irradiated females. Development to adult of both parasitoids species was not substantially affected by the origin of the eggs and the wasps had acceptable levels of adult emergence, survival and fecundity. These results provided useful information on the potential for controlling the codling moth using egg parasitoids and the sterile insect technique in Argentina. [source]


Beyond the spore , past and future developments of Bacillus thuringiensis as a biopesticide

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
N. Crickmore
Abstract Formulated and sporulated cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used as foliar sprays as part of integrated pest management strategies against insect pests of agricultural crops. Although in several cases the presence of the spore has been shown to improve the activity of the product, other Bt -based insecticides have been developed in which the spore is absent. The most notable of these are transgenic plants expressing just the insect toxin gene from the bacterium. This paper will discuss these developments, and the advantages and disadvantages of having the spore present. [source]


New media for the semiselective isolation and enumeration of Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae, the causal agent of mango bacterial black spot

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
O. Pruvost
Abstract Aims:, Mango bacterial black spot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae, is a potentially severe disease in several tropical and subtropical areas. Data describing the life cycle of the pathogen are needed for improving integrated pest management strategies. Because of the important bacterial microflora associated with mango leaves, isolation of the pathogen is often difficult using nonselective agar media. Methods and Results:, A previously developed medium, BVGA, failed to inhibit several Gram-negative saprophytic bacteria, especially those belonging to Enterobacteriaceae. Two new semiselective media were developed. The selectivity of KC and NCTM3 media was achieved using cephalexin 40 mg l,1, kasugamycin 20 mg l,1 and neomycin 1 mg l,1, cephalexin 100 mg l,1, trimethoprime 5 mg l,1, pivmecillinam 100 mg l,1 respectively. Plating efficiencies ranged from 76 to 104% and from 78 to 132% for KC and NCTM3 respectively. Conclusions:, The new media allowed the growth of X. campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae whatever its country of isolation. The pathogen was repeatedly isolated with these media from asymptomatic leaves sampled in growth chamber experiments. Significance and Impact of the Study:, This work provides a description of new semiselective media, which should be valuable tools to study the ecology and epidemiology of X. campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae. [source]


A review of host finding behaviour in the parasitic sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Caligidae: Copepoda)

JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 1 2009
A J Mordue (Luntz)
Abstract Ectoparasitic sea lice are the most important parasite problem to date for the salmon farming industry in the northern and southern hemispheres. An understanding of host location in the specialist species, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the most important louse species in the North Atlantic, is now being realized using behavioural in vitro and in vivo bioassays coupled with chemical analysis of fish conditioned waters. Both physical and chemical cues are important in host location. Responses of sea lice to physical cues such as light and salinity may enable them to gather in areas where host fish are likely to be found. Mechanoreception is an important sensory modality in host location and acts by switching on specific behaviours that enable landing on a fish. Chemoreception plays a defining role in host location and recognition. The detection of host kairomones switches on ,host search' behavioural patterns and also induces landing responses whereas non-host kairomones fail to induce attraction or significant landing behaviour. Semiochemicals derived from salmon and also non-host fish have been identified, and may prove useful for the development of integrated pest management strategies, by the introduction of odour traps for monitoring lice numbers, and by the use of stimulo-deterrent diversionary (push:pull) strategies in their control. [source]


Temptations of weevil: feeding and ovipositional behaviour of Hylobius warreni Wood on host and nonhost bark in laboratory bioassays

AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Gareth R. Hopkins
Abstract 1Warren root collar weevil Hylobius warreni Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a long-lived, flightless insect native to coniferous forests across northern North America. Girdling by larval feeding causes significant mortality on young trees. The insect poses considerable challenges to reforestation. 2Adult weevils feed on all life stages of a variety of coniferous hosts prior to oviposition. Their relative feeding preferences, however, have not been quantified. Moreover, it is not known whether host bark influences oviposition behaviour. 3Feeding preferences of adult weevils were tested in both choice and no-choice laboratory bioassays using small branches from three conifers (lodgepole pine Pinus contorta var. latifolia, interior hybrid spruce Picea glauca×engelmannii, and Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii) and one deciduous tree (trembling aspen Populus tremuloides). Measurements included the surface area of bark consumed, rate of consumption, the number of days of feeding, and, in the no-choice assay, the number of eggs oviposited. 4Bark consumption was greatest on pine and Douglas-fir, followed by spruce. Little to no feeding occurred on aspen. Consumption did not vary between male versus female insects for any of the feeding metrics quantified. 5The presence of aspen branches did not inhibit feeding on any of the other species in the choice bioassays. 6The number of eggs laid by female insects did not differ significantly among tree species in the no-choice assay. Eggs were laid indiscriminately in the presence of all four host types. 7Results and opportunities for future research are discussed in the context of formulating new integrated pest management strategies for this insect, which is increasingly important in the period of reforestation subsequent to the mountain pine beetle epidemic in western Canada. [source]


Insecticidal control of the mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a new pest of cotton in Pakistan

ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007
Shafqat SAEED
Abstract The mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Stanley) played havoc with the cotton crop in Pakistan during 2005. To control this pest, insecticides of different groups were evaluated in both the laboratory and in field conditions. In the laboratory, bifenthrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos proved to be the best insecticides for mealybug control, based on their susceptibility with the leaf dip method for their LC50. In field conditions, the recommended application rates of methomyl, profenofos and chlorpyrifos provided the best control: the lethal time studies proved their efficiency for better and timely control of this sporadic pest. The present study has shown that the insecticides tested, in particular profenofos, chlorpyrifos, methomyl and bifenthrin, provide satisfactory control of the cotton mealybug. The control of the insect pest complex throughout the cotton crop predominantly depends on wise and justified use of these chemicals, and necessitates development of an integrated pest management strategy. [source]


A review of research to address carrot fly (Psila rosae) control in the UK,

EPPO BULLETIN, Issue 2 2009
R. Collier
Carrot fly (Psila rosae) is a serious pest of umbelliferous crops such as carrot, parsnip, celery and parsley. Carrot fly has been studied in the UK for more than 60 years. Whilst some of these studies have been focused on insecticides, others have demonstrated the potential for non-insecticidal methods of control that might contribute to an integrated pest management strategy. These include rotation and spatial separation of susceptible crops; carrot varieties with partial resistance to carrot fly; and crop management strategies to avoid oviposition or the development of severe damage. This paper outlines some of the approaches that have been taken and indicates how these are, or might be, used in practice. [source]


Salmon farming: towards an integrated pest management strategy for sea lice

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2002
J Mordue (Luntz)
No abstract is available for this article. [source]