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Instrumental Tests (instrumental + test)
Selected AbstractsEFFECTS OF TEXTURAL CHANGES IN COOKED APPLES ON THE HUMAN BITE, AND INSTRUMENTAL TESTSJOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 5-6 2003HARUKA DAN A multiple-point sheet sensor was used to measure the bite force applied to raw and cooked apple specimens during the first bite with incisors. Wedge penetration tests were compared with human bite measurements on the same samples. The shape of the force-time curves during biting of cooked apples clearly differed from that for raw apples. The first curve of cooked apple biting became jagged, and the maximum force was reduced. The second curve emerged following the first curve in most subjects as a characteristic feature of cooked apple biting, whereas it was not seen in the bite curve of a raw specimen or the wedge penetration curve of a cooked specimen. The maximum force for tissue fracture decreased for cooked apples, but the duration of biting increased. No adequate counterparts for the impulse of biting could be obtained from the load-displacement curves of the wedge penetration tests. The existence of parameters only measurable by bite tests and not by mechanical tests suggests the necessity of directly measuring the human bite. [source] Antioxidative activity of rosemary extract using connective tissue proteins as carriersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2008Katarzyna Waszkowiak Summary In the research the activity of rosemary extract introduced using connective tissue proteins was investigated, taking into consideration the effect of the type of carrier (collagen and elastin), carrier concentration (1%, 2%, 4%) and the method of its introduction to fat substrate (rehydrated or unhydrated). Antioxidative activity was assessed using the Oxidograph instrumental test. The activity of rosemary extract on protein preparations was significantly affected by the rehydration of these preparations. The application of collagen as carrier of rosemary extract had an advantageous effect on the activity of this antioxidant. In turn, under the adopted testing conditions the application of elastin resulted in partial masking of antioxidative activity of rosemary extract. Amounts of the carriers, onto which the antioxidant was introduced, did not have a statistically significant effect on this activity. [source] MEASUREMENT OF BITING VELOCITIES AT PREDETERMINED AND INDIVIDUAL CROSSHEAD SPEED INSTRUMENTAL IMITATIVE TESTS FOR PREDICTING SENSORY HARDNESS OF GELATIN GELSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 2 2005M. FINNEY ABSTRACT Jaw movements during the act of biting were measured for seven subjects trained in descriptive analysis using an electrognathograph. The effectiveness of instrumental imitative tests performed at predefined and individual crosshead speeds (matching velocities measured in vivo) to predict the perception of hardness in 14 gelatin gels was assessed. For all seven subjects, the perception of hardness was adequately described by imitative instrumental tests performed with dental replicas of individual subjects (0.88 < R < 0.97). For some of the subjects, tests performed at crosshead speeds matching biting speeds improved the instrumental prediction of hardness, suggesting that biting velocity is an important aspect of the perception of hardness in food. [source] MEASUREMENT OF BITING VELOCITIES, AND PREDETERMINED AND INDIVIDUAL CROSSHEAD SPEED INSTRUMENTAL IMITATIVE TESTS FOR PREDICTING CHEESE HARDNESSJOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 1 2002J.-F. MEULLENET ABSTRACT Average first bite velocities of ten cheeses were measured for seven subjects trained in descriptive analysis using an electrognathograph. The effectiveness of instrumental imitative tests performed at predefined and individual crosshead speeds (matching velocities measured in vivo) to predict hardness perception of cheeses were assessed. For five of the seven subjects, the perception of hardness was adequately described by imitative instrumental tests performed with dental replicas of individual subjects. For some of the subjects (2 of 5), individual crosshead speed testing significantly improved the instrumental prediction of hardness. For other subjects, the instrumental test method did not seem to greatly influence the results. [source] Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and chronic autoimmune urticaria in a young manTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Lucilla MELANI ABSTRACT A 20-year-old man with mental impairment, was referred to us for evaluation of recurring idiopathic urticaria episodes, characterized by a diffuse spreading of wheals and severe itching lacking response to traditional antihistamines. Upon physical examination, he showed a persistent, generalized, reticular, red-bluish vascular skin pattern in association with diffuse arborizing telangiectasias. Such lesions were present from an early age. Laboratory and instrumental tests, performed in order to exclude any condition associated with livedo did not evidence pathological results. He was found to be positive for antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA; 1:640). Histopathologically, numerous dilated capillary vessels associated with sparse extravasated erythrocytes were observed in the upper dermis. We performed an autologous serum skin test (ASST), which resulted in a positive, suggesting an autoimmune basis of the condition. On the basis of clinical and histopathological findings, and in the absence of other clinical and laboratory data suggesting other neoplastic, immunological or systemic diseases, the diagnosis of cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) associated with chronic autoimmune urticaria (CAIU) was made. CMTC is a rare congenital vascular disorder, consisting in an anomalous, persistent, red-bluish marbling of the skin, that can be associated with a wide spectrum of cutaneous and extracutaneous anomalies. In our case, neither physical examination nor instrumental investigation demonstrated any of these anomalies, with the exception of cognitive impairment. We report this case because of the rarity of a diagnosis of CMTC in an adult patient, because this condition has almost always previously been diagnosed in infancy, or it comes to observation because of the presence of associated disorders, as in our case for chronic urticaria. [source] | ||||||||||