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Institutional Barriers (institutional + barrier)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences60%

Selected Abstracts

Fostering a Community-Based Learning Culture: A Model for Success and Institutional Barriers

NORTH AMERICAN DIALOGUE (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2006
María (Lorena) Núñez
This article offers a case study in Community-Based Learning by describing a collaborative gang-intervention effort developed for children in Los Angeles. Project GOLD (Goal Oriented Life Decisions), is an educational-intervention effort designed by representatives from Occidental College, Garvanza Elementary School, the LAPD, and the Los Angeles City Attorney's Office and implemented in the elementary school. Both authors are directly involved with the program and offer a first-hand description of the project. They also detail some of the obstacles and barriers to the program's sustainability. Even as Community-Based Learning (CBL) has become more acceptable and its value as a pedagogical approach is gaining attention, Project GOLD remains vulnerable because the resources are not yet there. Project GOLD and efforts like it will only truly succeed when CBL becomes institutionalized in colleges and universities, releasing professors and students into communities with the resources and support necessary for long-term success. [source]

Replacing ineffective early alcohol/drug education in the United States with age-appropriate adolescent programmes and assistance to problematic users

DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 6 2007
Professor, RODNEY SKAGER PhD
Abstract Issues. Despite more than a decade of federal sponsorship of ,evidence-based' alcohol/drug education, there has been no consistent downward trend in overall prevalence among youth over the past 15 years. Reasons underlying this situation are examined. Approach. Published technical critiques of initial research supporting widely used evidence-based programs are reviewed along with replication studies conducted later by independent researchers not associated with initial program development. Social and institutional barriers in the US against changes in AOD policy and practice for young people are also suggested. Key Findings. Emerging use of diverted pharmaceuticals (now second to cannabis in prevalence) may underlie moderate recent decline in use of alcohol. Early federal certification standards for ,evidence based' prevention education have been seriously compromised. Technical critiques of initial evaluations and negative replication studies of these programs are consistent with lack of impact. Finally, fidelity of implementation in regular school settings is commonly flawed. Implications. Failure of these mainly pre-secondary educational programs may underlie recent federal support for forced random AOD testing of secondary school students. A new approach to drug education for adolescent students seems warranted as a positive alternative to personally intrusive surveillance. Conclusion. An interactive approach at the secondary school level that incorporates an age-appropriate educational process is proposed. While advising abstinence, this approach also facilitates identifying and assisting problematic AOD users. [source]

International Mobility of New Migrants to Australia,

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 2 2009
Lynda Sanderson
Statistical models for residential spells and mobility data are used to examine the probability of repeat and return migration and ongoing mobility among New Zealand and British citizens who migrated to Australia between August 1999 and July 2002. The paper focuses on identifying the relationship between ongoing mobility patterns and personal and environmental circumstances, including institutional barriers to immigration and a discrete change in the social welfare eligibility of New Zealanders in Australia. The results confirm that ongoing migration patterns are far more complex than traditional migration paradigms suggest, with repeat and return migration and ongoing mobility being an important part of actual migration experiences. [source]

What's politics got to do with it?: Why donors find it so hard to come to terms with politics, and why this matters

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2009
Sue Unsworth
Abstract Donors are paying more attention to politics, and some are applying political analysis to specific aspects of development practice. But this is having little influence on mainstream debates about aid, and donors are not questioning their implicit assumptions about how development happens. There are powerful intellectual and institutional barriers to recognising that politics is central to the whole development process. This matters because, without a change in their mental models, donors will not invest in understanding local political dynamics, or give priority to strategically important but difficult issues. If they did so they would discover some very practical opportunities for progress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Is Part-time Employment Here to Stay?

LABOUR, Issue 1 2010
Working Hours of Dutch Women over Successive Generations
The Netherlands combines a high female employment rate with a high part-time employment rate. This is likely to be the result of (societal) preferences as the removal of institutional barriers has not led to higher working hours. We investigate the development of working hours over successive generations of women using the Dutch Labour Force Survey 1992,2005. We find evidence of a strictly increasing propensity to work part-time and a decreasing propensity to work full-time for the generations born after the early 1950s. Our results are in line with results of studies on social norms and attitudes. It seems likely that without changes in (societal) preferences part-time employment is indeed here to stay. [source]