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Information Studies (information + studies)
Selected AbstractsThe Evolutionary Role of Interorganizational Communication: Modeling Social Capital in Disaster ContextsHUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010Marya L. Doerfel Employing a community ecology perspective, this study examines how interorganizational (IO) communication and social capital (SC) facilitated organizational recovery after Hurricane Katrina. In-depth interviews with 56 New Orleans organizations enabled longitudinal analysis and a grounded theory model that illustrates how communication differentiated four phases of recovery: personal emergency, professional emergency, transition, rebuilding. Communicative action taking place across phases corresponds with the evolutionary mechanisms. Most organizations did not turn to interorganizational relationships (IORs) until the transitional phase, during which indirect ties were critical and incoming versus outgoing communication was substantively different. Organizations did not consistently use IO SC until the last phase. This study underlines the fact that organizations and their systems are fundamentally human and (re)constructed through communicative action. Le rôle évolutionnaire de la communication interorganisationnelle : la présentation du capital social en contextes de désastres Marya L. Doerfel, Chih-Hui Lai, & Lisa V. Chewning Adoptant la perspective de l'écologie des communautés, cette étude examine la manière dont la communication interorganisationnelle et le capital social ont facilité le rétablissement organisationnel après l'ouragan Katrina. Des entretiens en profondeur avec 56 organisations de la Nouvelle-Orléans ont permis une analyse longitudinale et un modèle de théorie ancrée illustrant la manière dont la communication distinguait quatre stades de rétablissement : l'urgence personnelle, l'urgence professionnelle, la transition et la reconstruction. L'action communicationnelle ayant lieu à travers les stades correspond aux mécanismes évolutionnaires. La plupart des organisations ne se sont pas tournées vers les relations interorganisationnelles avant le stade de transition, au cours duquel les liens indirects étaient cruciaux et la communication entrante était significativement différente de la communication sortante. Les organisations n'utilisaient pas systématiquement le capital social interorganisationnel avant le dernier stade. Cette étude souligne le fait que les organisations et leurs systèmes sont fondamentalement humains et (re)construits à travers l'action communicationnelle. Die evolutionäre Rolle von Kommunikation zwischen Organisationen: Die Modellierung von sozialem Kapital im Kontext von Katastrophen Marya L. Doerfel, Chih-Hui Lai, & Lisa V. Chewning Unter Anwendung einer gesellschaftsökonomischen Perspektive untersucht diese Studie, wie Kommunikation zwischen Organisationen und soziales Kapital die Erholung von Organisationen nach Hurrikan Katrina erleichterte. Tiefeninterviews mit 56 Organisationen in New Orleans ermöglichten eine Längsschnittanalyse und ein Grounded Theory Modell, welches zeigt, wie die Kommunikation sich in vier Phasen der Regeneration unterteilt: persönlicher Notfall, professioneller Notfall, Übergang, Erneuerung. Kommunikatives Handeln, welches in allen Phasen stattfand, korrespondiert mit evolutionären Mechanismen. Die meisten Organisationen wandten sich nicht Beziehungen zwischen Organisationen zu bis sie in die transitionale Phase kamen, in welcher indirekte Beziehungen wichtig waren und eingehende versus ausgehende Kommunikation fundamental verschieden waren. Organisationen nutzen soziales Kapital zwischen Organisationen durchgehend bis auf die letzte Phase. Die Studie unterstreicht die Tatsache, dass Organisationen und ihre Systeme elementar menschlich sind und durch kommunikatives Handeln konstruiert und rekonstruiert werden. El Rol Evolucionario de la Comunicación entre Organizaciones: Modelando el Capital Social en los Contextos de Desastre Marya L. Doerfel, Chih-Hui Lai, & Lisa V. Chewning School of Communication and Information Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA Resumen Empleando una perspectiva de comunidad ecológica, este estudio examina cómo la comunicación entre organizaciones y el capital social (SC) facilitaron la recuperación después del Huracán Katrina. Entrevistas en profundidad de 56 organizaciones de Nuevo Orleans permitieron un análisis longitudinal y un modelo de teoría construido sobre los datos que ilustran cómo la comunicación diferenció 4 fases de recuperación: emergencia personal, emergencia profesional, transición y reconstrucción. La acción comunicativa se lleva a cabo a través de las fases correspondientes con los mecanismos de evolución. La mayoría de las organizaciones no recurrieron a las relaciones entre organizaciones (IORs) hasta la fase transicional, durante la cual los lazos indirectos fueron críticos y la comunicación de entrada versus la de salida fueron substantivamente diferentes. Las organizaciones no son consistentemente usadas con IO SC hasta la última fase. Este estudio subraya el hecho que las organizaciones y sus sistemas son fundamentalmente humanos y (re)construidos a través de la acción de la comunicación. [source] The development of a facet analysis system to identify and measure the dimensions of interaction in online learningJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 11 2007Shawne D. Miksa The development of a facet analysis system to code and analyze data in a mixed-method study is discussed. The research goal was to identify the dimensions of interaction that contribute to student satisfaction in online Web-supported courses. The study was conducted between 2000 and 2002 at the Florida State University School of Information Studies. The researchers developed a facet analysis system that meets S. R. Ranganathan's (1967) requirements for articulation on three planes (idea, verbal, and notational). This system includes a codebook (verbal), coding procedures, and formulae (notational) for quantitative analysis of logs of chat sessions and postings to discussion boards for eight master's level courses taught online during the fall 2000 semester. Focus group interviews were subsequently held with student participants to confirm that results of the facet analysis reflected their experiences with the courses. The system was developed through a process of emergent coding. The researchers have been unable to identify any prior use of facet analysis for the analysis of research data as in this study. Identifying the facet analysis system was a major breakthrough in the research process, which, in turn, provided the researchers with a lens through which to analyze and interpret the data. In addition, identification of the faceted nature of the system opens up new possibilities for automation of the coding process. [source] The Problem of Media HabitsCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 2 2010Robert LaRose To what extent is repeated media consumption behavior a matter of habit rather than continuing and active self-instruction? The physiological and cognitive origins of habits are examined in the context of current research in neurology and social psychology. The result is a reconceptualization of media habits along a continuum from consciously enacted behaviors to those that are activated automatically by external stimuli. Communication research perspectives of the role of habits in media consumption are critically reviewed. From this analysis, habits emerge as automatic thought processes that are powerful predictors of media behavior and a model of habitual media consumption is proposed. Le problème des habitudes médiatiques Robert LaRose Dans quelle mesure la répétition d'un comportement de consommation médiatique est-elle une affaire d'habitude plutôt qu'un choix continu et actif? Les origines physiologiques et cognitives des habitudes sont étudiées dans le contexte de la recherche actuelle en neurologie et en psychologie sociale. Il en résulte une reconceptualisation des habitudes médiatiques selon un continuum allant des comportements conscients à ceux qui sont automatiquement activés par des stimulus extérieurs. Les perspectives de la recherche en communication sur le rôle des habitudes dans la consommation médiatique sont passées en revue d'un ,il critique. De cette analyse, les habitudes émergent comme étant des processus de pensée automatiques qui sont de forts prédicteurs des comportements médiatiques. Un modèle de la consommation médiatique habituelle est proposé. Das Problem von Mediengewohnheiten Robert LaRose Inwiefern ist ein wiederholtes Medienkonsumverhalten eine Frage der Gewohnheit und nicht der ständigen aktiven Selbstkonstruktion? Im Kontext aktueller Forschung in der Neurologie und Sozialpsychologie werden die physiologischen und kognitiven Ursprünge von Gewohnheiten betrachtet. Das Ergebnis ist eine Neukonzeptualisierung von Mediengewohnheiten entlang eines Kontinuums von bewusst ausgeführten Verhaltensweisen hin zu jenen Verhaltensweisen, die automatisch von externalen Stimuli aktiviert werden. Die Perspektive der Kommunikationsforschung zur Rolle von Gewohnheiten bei der Mediennutzung wird kritisch untersucht. Basierend auf dieser Analyse entstehen Gewohnheiten als automatische Gedankenprozesse, die wiederum starke Prädiktoren für Medienverhalten sind. Ein Modell der habitualisierten Mediennutzung wird vorgeschlagen. El Problema de los Hábitos de los Medios Robert LaRose Department of Telecommunication, Information Studies, and Media, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Resumen ¿Hasta qué punto el comportamiento repetitivo de consumo de los medios es un asunto de hábito en vez de auto instrucción continúa y activa? Los orígenes psicológicos y cognitivos de los hábitos son examinados en el contexto de la investigación corriente en neurología y psicología social. El resultado es una reconceptualización de los hábitos de los medios a través de un continuo entre los comportamientos conscientemente representados y aquellos que son automáticamente activados por estímulos externos. Las perspectivas de la investigación en comunicación sobre el rol de los hábitos de consumo de los medios son revisados críticamente. De este análisis, los hábitos emergen como procesos de pensamiento automático los cuales son vaticinadores poderosos del comportamiento de los medios y un modelo de consumo habitual de los medios es propuesto. [source] Social capital and information science researchPROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2007Catherine A. Johnson (moderator, presenter) The concept of social capital has become a popular area of research in many social science fields, including public policy, political science, economics, community development, sociology, anthropology, and education. Increasingly, it has been used as the conceptual framework for research in the area of information studies including such topics as knowledge integration (Bhandar, Pan & Tan, 2007), knowledge sharing (Huysman & Wulf, 2006), access to information by the homeless (Hersberger, 2003), community informatics (Williams and Durrance, in press), and information seeking behavior (Johnson, in press). The concept has an ideological foundation in the theories of Pierre Bourdieu (1980), with two divergent approaches to its study emerging during the last two decades: one focusing on social capital as a collective asset and the other regarding it as an individual asset. The main proponent of the first approach is political scientist Robert Putnam who defines social capital as inhering in the "dense networks of social interaction" which foster "sturdy norms of generalized reciprocity and encourage the emergence of social trust" (Putnam, 1995, p. 66). Social network analysts, on the other hand, view social capital as resources to which individuals have access through their social relationships. Nan Lin, who is the main proponent of this approach, defines social capital as "resources embedded in a social structure which are accessed and/or mobilized in purposive actions" (Lin, 2001a, p. 12). While the concept of social capital may be operationalized differently depending on the point of view of the researcher, its value to information science research is in providing a framework within which to understand the relationship between social structure and information access. Participants in this panel will discuss social capital from various vantage points, including the role of social capital in solidifying power relationships, the effect of recent government policies on reducing social capital, and the relationship between social capital and the use of libraries and information technology. The intent of the panel is to clarify the meaning(s) of social capital and to demonstrate how the concept may be used in information science research. [source] Taking leisure seriously: Information realities in leisure timePROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2006Jenna Hartel (Organizer, moderator) This panel presents the information realities that exist within leisure time. It introduces a conceptual model of leisure, called serious leisure (Stebbins, 1982), that affirms the role of information in enabling leisure experience. Our panel offers a theoretical perspective and case studies of a meaningful area of everyday life that has not been a subject of much information research. The specific goals are threefold: 1To present state of the art theorizing and research underway into the information seeking and use that occurs in the everyday life realm of leisure 2To introduce serious leisure, a concept that serves as a unifying umbrella and theoretical frame for such work, and 3To showcase fruitful international collaboration underway between leisure science and information studies [source] Poststructuralism and information studiesANNUAL REVIEW OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2005Ronald E. Day [source] | |||||||||||||