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Inflammatory Lesions (inflammatory + lesion)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	96%
Life Sciences	3%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Dermatology	17%
Pathology	10%
Neurology	8%
Oncology & Radiotherapy	6%
Allergy & Clinical Immunology	3%
18 Other Subdomains	56%

Kinds of Inflammatory Lesions

active inflammatory lesion

Selected Abstracts

Deficiency in OGG1 Protects against Inflammation and Mutagenic Effects Associated with H. pylori Infection in Mouse

HELICOBACTER, Issue 5 2006
Eliette Touati
Abstract Background:,Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer. Study with the Big Blue mouse model has reported a mutagenic effect associated with the H. pylori infection, as a result in part of oxidative DNA damage. The present work investigates the consequences of a deficiency in the OGG1 DNA glycosylase, responsible for the excision of 8-oxo guanine, on the inflammatory and genotoxic host response to the infection. Materials and Methods:, Big Blue Ogg1,/, C57BL/6 mice were orally inoculated with H. pylori strain SS1 or vehicle only, and sacrificed after 1, 3, or 6 months. The serologic response, histologic lesions, mutant frequency, and spectra of mutations were assessed in the stomach and compared to what observed in the wild-type (Wt) context. Results:, Inflammatory lesions induced in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori -infected mice, corresponding to a moderate gastritis, were less severe in Ogg1,/, than in Wt Big Blue mice. Analysis of antimicrobial humoral immunity exhibited a lower IgG2a serum level (Th1 response) after 6 months of infection in Ogg1,/, than in the Wt mice. In these conditions, the H. pylori -SS1 infection in the Ogg1,/, mice did not induce a mutagenic effect at the gastric epithelial cells level, either after 3 or 6 months. Conclusions:, The inactivation of the OGG1 DNA glycosylase in mouse leads to less severe inflammatory lesions and abolished the mutagenic effect at the gastric epithelial cells level, induced by the H. pylori infection. These data suggest for the OGG1deficiency a protective role against inflammation and genotoxicity associated to the H. pylori infection. [source]

Inflammatory lesions of the spine on magnetic resonance imaging predict the development of new syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis: Evidence of a relationship between inflammation and new bone formation

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 1 2009
Walter P. Maksymowych
Objective To determine whether a vertebral corner that demonstrates an active corner inflammatory lesion (CIL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is more likely to evolve into a de novo syndesmophyte visible on plain radiography than is a vertebral corner that demonstrates no active inflammation on MRI. Methods MRI scans and plain radiographs were obtained for 29 patients recruited into randomized placebo-controlled trials of anti,tumor necrosis factor , (anti-TNF,) therapy. MRI was conducted at baseline, 12 or 24 weeks (n = 29), and 2 years (n = 22), while radiography was conducted at baseline and 2 years. A persistent CIL was defined as a CIL that was found on all available scans. A resolved CIL was defined as having completely disappeared on either the second or third scan. A validation cohort consisted of 41 AS patients followed up prospectively. Anonymized MRIs were assessed independently by 3 readers who were blinded with regard to radiographic findings. Results New syndesmophytes developed significantly more frequently in vertebral corners with inflammation (20%) than in those without inflammation (5.1%) seen on baseline MRI (P , 0.008 for all reader pairs). They also developed more frequently in vertebral corners where inflammation had resolved than in those where inflammation persisted after anti-TNF treatment. This was confirmed in the analysis of the prospective cohort, in which significantly more vertebral corners with inflammation (14.3%) compared with those without inflammation (2.9%) seen on baseline MRI developed new syndesmophytes (P , 0.003 for all reader pairs). Conclusion Our findings indicate that a syndesmophyte is more likely to develop from a prior inflammatory lesion, supporting a relationship between inflammation and ankylosis. [source]

Appraisal and management of subclinical choroidal inflammation: the iceberg phenomenon

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009
CP HERBORT
Purpose To explore further the ocular fundal structures after funduscopy has been performed in intraocular inflammatory diseases, we have at our disposal among other investigational imaging methods, fluorescence angiography comprising fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). In most cases dual FA & ICGA is necessary as the two methods image completely different structures. Fluorescein angiography is giving information on superficial structures including the optic disc, the retinal vessels and the retina as well as on the RPE, whereas ICGA is exploring the choroidal compartment. In contrast to FA that usually does not furnish additional information but is only giving more precise images of the superficial structures explored, ICGA is revealing elements, in case of choroidal inflammatory involvement, that no other method can show. The choroidal inflammatory lesions can be very extensive while often causing only faint or no signs during clinical examination and with other investigational imaging methods, a phenomenon which corresponds to the so-called "iceberg effect". This aptitude of ICGA to show lesions that are otherwise inaccessible make it an essential method to detect and follow choroidal lesions. Methods Cases where diagnosis cannot be made without ICGA or cases where inflammation can only be followeb by ICGA, the so-called iceberg constellation because other methods show only faint or no signs, will be presented. Conclusion Inflammatory lesions limited to the choroid cannot be detected without performing ICGA which is indispensible to diagnose purely choroidal diseae and to monitor the evolution of choroidal inflammation. [source]

Spectroscopic increase in choline signal is a nonspecific marker for differentiation of infective/inflammatory from neoplastic lesions of the brain

JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 1 2001
Sudhakar K. Venkatesh MD
Abstract We report in vivo proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic findings in three benign infective/inflammatory lesions (one case each of tuberculoma, fungal granuloma, and xanthogranuloma), which showed high choline along with the presence of lipid/lactate, a feature characteristically described in neoplastic lesions. Histopathology of the lesions showed inflammatory cellular infiltrates with areas of necrosis/caseation. The spectroscopic-visible increased choline resonance in these lesions is probably the result of cellularity. We conclude that increased choline, along with the presence of lipid/lactate is a nonspecific finding and may not be of much value in the differentiation of neoplastic from nonneoplastic infective/inflammatory intracranial mass lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:8,15. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

How does the periapical inflammatory process compromise general health?

ENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2004
Idikó.
Several lines of evidence support the causative role of oral inflammatory lesions and certain systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcome and lung diseases. Properly executed epidemiologic studies identified increased odds ratios. Local or metastatic spread of oral microorganisms, local production of microbial or host-derived soluble regulatory molecules, that may initiate or sustain inflammatory events in remote tissues and organs and the presence of (a) common , extrinsic- or intrinsic-pathological mechanism(s) may result in or contribute to both local and systemic inflammation. A number of cross-sectional studies addressing a possible association between oral health and systemic diseases have also investigated the presence or the absence of periapical lesions. However, these studies cannot either confirm or refute a role of the periapical inflammatory lesion in the observed associations, since other variables of oral health might have exerted an inestimable influence on general health of the assessed population. The literature, dealing with patients with root canal infections and apical periodontitis as sole oral inflammatory lesions is extremely sparse. Our group has demonstrated that young adults with apical periodontitis exhibit certain biochemical changes, such as elevated levels of C-reactive protein and an increased whole blood chemiluminescence, which have been shown to elevate the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Future research will be required to determine whether and to what extent may endodontic diseases affect general health. [source]

Quantitive cytokine mRNA expression profiles in the colonic mucosa of patients with steroid naïve ulcerative colitis during active and quiescent disease

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 3 2009
Reikei Matsuda MD
Abstract Background: Cytokines have validated roles in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study was to investigate the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-,, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNAs in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) during active and quiescent UC. Methods: At colonoscopy, biopsies were taken from inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of patients with steroid-naive UC (n = 15), non-IBD inflammatory colitis controls (ICC, n = 6), and non-colitis controls (NCC, n = 14). The presence of extensive mononuclear cells and neutrophils infiltrate in the lamina propria, cryptitis, and epithelial damage defined an inflammatory lesion in the mucosa. Quantitative cytokine mRNA expressions in biopsies were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of 15 UC patients, 3 remitted with 5-aminosalicylate and 11 received granulocytapheresis; of these, 10 remitted. At baseline, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-,, and IL-10 mRNAs were high in inflamed mucosa compared with NCC (P < 0.01). In active UC, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 mRNAs were high compared with non-inflamed mucosa (P = 0.03, P = 0.03, P < 0.05, respectively). Both TNF-, mRNA (P = 0.03) and IL-6 mRNA (P = 0.04) were higher in UC compared with ICC. Even in non-inflamed mucosa, IL-8 and TNF-, mRNA expressions were high compared with NCC. Both IL-6 and IL-8 mRNAs decreased to normal levels after granulocytapheresis. Conclusions: During active UC, all 4 cytokine mRNA levels were high; only IL-6 and IL-8 mRNAs decreased to normal levels during remission. IL-8 mRNA was high even at sites of endoscopically quiescent UC during active disease. Steroid naïve patients respond well to granulocytapheresis. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008) [source]

CASE REPORTS: Xanthogranulomatous Inflammation of Corpus Cavernosum

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007
Young Seo III MD
ABSTRACT Introduction., Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare, chronic destructive inflammatory lesion. The pathological finding is typically lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, surrounded by accumulating lipid-laden macrophages. Methods., A 65-year-old healthy man presented with a 3-week history of a painless palpable mass in the penis. Results., The patient underwent an excision of the mass with a tunica albuginea, and a graft from the tunica vaginaglis. Histopathological findings showed the diffuse xanthogranulomatous inflammation. Conclusions., Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of corpus cavernosum in old men is a rare condition. The inflammatory mass should be treated by complete excision and graft. Seo IY, Jo HJ, and Rim JS. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of corpus cavernosum. J Sex Med 2007;4:1763,1765. [source]

Inflammatory lesions of the spine on magnetic resonance imaging predict the development of new syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis: Evidence of a relationship between inflammation and new bone formation

Telomerase activity as a potential marker in preneoplastic bladder lesions

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2000
F. Lancelin
Objective To assess telomerase activity (involved in cell immortalization and detectable in most malignant tumours but not in normal somatic tissues) as a marker in cancer diagnosis. Patients and methods Tissue telomerase activity was assayed by two different techniques, the telomeric repeat amplification protocol-polymerase chain reaction (TRAP-PCR) and a telomerase PCR-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Malignant and inflammatory bladder lesions and their adjacent normal tissues were assessed for telomerase activity in a group of 18 patients, 14 of whom had urothelial carcinoma and four a nonspecific inflammatory lesion of the bladder. Results Eleven of the 14 tumour samples analysed were telomerase-positive and two of the three telomerase-negative tumour samples had a detectable ,telomerase inhibitor'. In the apparently normal tissues next to bladder tumours, four of the 14 specimens were telomerase-positive. Interestingly, these lesions were always next to high-grade muscle-invasive bladder tumours (pT2G3). Two of the four nonspecific inflammatory lesions (one of cystitis glandularis and one of severe dysplasia), known to be preneoplastic lesions, were also telomerase-positive. Conclusion These results strongly suggest that the reactivation of telomerase may be an early event in bladder carcinogenesis, preceding morphological changes related to malignant transformation. Telomerase activity may therefore be useful both as an indicator of malignant potential in preneoplastic lesions, e.g. cystitis glandularis and severe dysplasia, and as a prognostic marker of bladder tumour relapse or progression. [source]

A neuro-Behcet's lesion in oculomotor nerve nucleus

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2003
M. D. Aydin
Objective , Fascicular oculomotor nerve involvement is occasionally seen in Behcet's disease, but nuclear involvement is very rare. Case presentation , A 25-year-old woman presented with the Behcet's symptoms and the left eye problems. Physical examination revealed muco-cutaneous lesions, eyelid ptosis, mydriasis, upward and medial gaze palsy and lateral deviation on the left eye. Serologic tests were positive. An inflammatory lesion was detected in the left oculomotor nerve nucleus on magnetic resonance imaging. Neuro-Behcet's disease was considered the most likely diagnosis. Result , Dexamethasone treatment was ordered. Muco-cutaneal lesions, laboratory abnormalities were normalized after 1 year; but oculomotor nerve palsy persisted in spite of improvement in radiological findings. Conclusion , Clinical signs of oculomotor nerve palsy may persist despite the radiological improvement. [source]

L -Amino acid load to enhance PET differentiation between tumor and inflammation: an in vitro study on 18F-FET uptake

CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 5 2006
S. Laïque
Abstract Labeled amino acids (AA) are tumor tracers for use in nuclear medecine. O -(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)- L -tyrosine (FET) is transported by the L -system, known to function as an exchanger. In vitro utilization of FET, after a preload or prior to an afterload of non radioactive L -amino acids, was evaluated in order to measure the potential effects of AA content on the distinction between tumor and inflammatory lesions. Cellular uptake of FET was studied on rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) and human leukocytes, initially loaded with nonradioactive L -tyrosine or L -methionine. FET efflux was evaluated from cells loaded with nonradioactive L -phenylalanine after tracer uptake. ROS 17/2.8 showed a higher sensitivity to preload and afterload effects on cellular FET content as compared with the leukocytes. We conclude that preload with L -tyrosine, prior to the administration of FET, may be a potential procedure to improve PET differentiation between tumor and inflammatory lesions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Cryopreservable neutrophil surrogates: Granule-poor, motile cytoplasts from polymorphonuclear leukocytes home to inflammatory lesions in vivo

CYTOSKELETON, Issue 5 2006
Stephen E. Malawista
Abstract Cytokineplasts (CKP) are anucleate, motile, granule-poor fragments induced from polymorphonuclear leukocytes on surfaces by the brief application of heat. Derived from the peripheral cytoplasm and membranes of PMN, they retain the sensing, transducing, and effector mechanisms necessary for chemotaxis and phagocytosis, and appear to represent a functional, self-purification of the motile apparatus. Unlike their parent PMN, CKP are cryopreservable. We have shown that they can adhere to endothelial cell monolayers, open interendothelial cell junctions, and migrate to the abluminal side when stimulated by a chemoattractant. Employing an animal model, we now show that, given intravenously, they can home to an inflammatory target lesion in vivo. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Diagnostic value of needle aspiration cytology (NAC) in the assessment of palpable inguinal lymph nodes: A study of 210 cases

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
F.I.A.C., Raj K. Gupta M.D.
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of needle aspiration cytology (NAC) in the assessment of palpable inguinal lymph nodes, which were analyzed in 210 cases. NAC in all the cases were performed by the conventional aspiration method and cytologic examination was done on site after staining smears with the Papanicolaou method. In addition, Diff-Quik-stained air-dried smears, Papanicolaou-stained fixed smears, and filter preparations from needle washings and hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of cell blocks were studied. The NAC diagnosis was supported by examining cell blocks in 92/210 cases which showed a reliable histologic architecture; further support was also obtained with a tissue biopsy in 9/12 cases of inflammatory lesions, 7/7 cases with a suspicious diagnosis, 20/26 cases of melanomas, 15/15 cases of lymphomas, and/or a comparison with the primary tumor in other cases of metastatic tumors. Additionally, immunoperoxidase and/or histochemical stains were done. Twelve cases were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions and 88 cases were regarded as negative (normal cellular elements n = 40; reactive elements n = 48). In 58 cases a variety of metastatic tumors were diagnosed (melanoma n = 26; others n = 32) and in 15 cases a diagnosis of lymphoma was made. Seven cases were diagnosed as suspicious of malignancy and 30 cases were unsatisfactory due to scanty/acellular samples (despite 2,3 repeat samplings). However, in five of these malignant tumors were later found on a biopsy which was done due to a persistent and continued enlargement of lymph node(s). The sensitivity was 91.7%, specificity 98.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 97.7.%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 95.45%. Based on our study we feel that NAC as a first line of investigation is not only useful in the diagnosis of lesions in inguinal lymph nodes, but can also help in deciding on an appropriate management. Also, histologic architecture from cell blocks can be correlated with cytology and such material can be used for histochemical and immunomarker studies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:175,180. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Adenocarcinoma in colonic brushing cytology: High-grade dysplasia as a diagnostic pitfall

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001
Gordon H. Yu M.D.
Abstract Cytologic evaluation of brushing specimens obtained from the colon may be useful in the diagnosis of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions, as previous studies have reported favorable sensitivity and specificity figures for this procedure. In this study, we report our experience with 80 colonic brushings examined over a 5-yr period. Thirty cases received an atypical or malignant cytologic diagnosis. Nineteen of 20 cases diagnosed cytologically as adenocarcinoma revealed adenocarcinoma on biopsy; one case showed only adenomatous epithelium on biopsy and subsequent resection. Cases diagnosed cytologically as "atypical" or "adenomatous" showed adenocarcinoma, adenoma, and inflammatory conditions upon biopsy. Slides from 30 atypical/malignant cases were retrospectively reviewed for a number of cytomorphologic features and were correlated with the histologic diagnosis. Cases from histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma tended to show greater degrees of altered nuclear polarity, nuclear pleomorphism, membrane irregularities, and chromatin pattern alterations than those from histologically proven adenomatous or inflammatory lesions. The most likely cause of a false-positive diagnosis in this setting is sampling of an adenoma with high-grade dysplasia which fails to meet histologic criteria for adenocarcinoma (invasion of the underlying muscularis mucosae). Thus, in the second part of the study, we examined histologic sections from surgically excised adenomas to determine the frequency with which profound nuclear atypia is at least focally present, potentially resulting in a false-positive cytology diagnosis upon brushing. Slides from 51 cases were reviewed; cytologic atypia beyond that typically observed in adenomas was not observed in 43% of cases. However, profound nuclear atypia was present in 6% of cases; cytologic evaluation of a brushing specimen from these lesions may have resulted in a false-positive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, despite the histologic diagnosis of adenoma with severe dysplasia. The remaining cases demonstrated intermediate degrees of atypia. These findings serve to quantitate the frequency with which cytohistologic discrepancies might be expected for mass lesions of the colon. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:364,368, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

ILEITIS AS A MAIN RECURRENT LESION IN A PATIENT WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS: REPORT OF A CASE

DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2 2000
Shuichi Sano
We report a case of ulcerative colitis complicating ileitis that endoscopically and histologically resembled a colonic lesion. Eight years prior to the time of writing, the patient had undergone proctosigmoidectomy and ileocecal resection because of severe hemorrhagic lesions of ulcerative colitis. A month prior to the time of writing, bleeding from the stoma occurred. Endoscopy revealed erosions on easy-bleeding mucosa in the ileum but no active inflammatory lesions in colonic mucosa except for small erosions in the descending colon beneath the stoma. Histologic findings of biopsy specimens from the ileal mucosa showed marked inflammation including neutrophile infiltration and crypt abscesses. This is a rare case of ulcerative colitis showing ileitis as a main recurrent lesion, suggesting that careful observation of the small intestine will be required after ileocecal resection in ulcerative colitis patients. [source]

How does the periapical inflammatory process compromise general health?

ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: strong T and B anti-tumour responses may cause hypocellular aspects of lymph nodes mimicking inflammatory lesions

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
B. Borisch
Abstract: The anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which occurs in children mostly. The ALK protein is highly immunogenic and elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses. A 15-yr-old child presented with fever and adenopathy and did not respond to antibiotics. Biopsy of the enlarged lymph node contained almost no lymphoid element except for a few CD8-positive T cells, plasma cells and isolated CD30-positive blasts. The patient's condition improved following lymphadenectomy but relapse occurred 3 months later with multiple nodes, high fever and an abdominal mass. This time an ALK-positive ALCL was diagnosed and the retrospective analysis of the initial biopsy revealed rare, isolated ALK+ cells. Molecular analysis showed T-cell clones and oligoclonal B cells in both biopsies and peripheral blood of the patient. The tumour cells harbour a t(2;5) translocation, revealing a null phenotype by immunohistochemistry and no evidence for T-cell clonality by Southern blotting. The patient's serum contained anti-ALK antibodies. Our findings suggest that the T-cell clones and anti-ALK antibodies in this patient constitute an anti-tumour response that caused the hypocellularity of the initial lymph node. Hypocellular and oedematous lymph nodes occurring in a child with evocative symptoms should be tested for the presence of ALK. [source]

ALK probe rearrangement in a t(2;11;2)(p23;p15;q31) translocation found in a prenatal myofibroblastic fibrous lesion: Toward a molecular definition of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor family?

GENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 1 2001
Nicolas Sirvent
A prenatal tumor located in the lumbar paravertebral area was discovered during a routine ultrasound examination at 32 weeks of pregnancy and surgically removed at 4 months of life. The histopathological diagnosis was first suggested to be an infantile desmoid fibromatosis. The tumor karyotype showed a three-way translocation involving both chromosomes 2 and a chromosome 11, t(2;11;2)(p23;p15;q31). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a probe flanking the ALK gene at 2p23 demonstrated a rearrangement, as previously described in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). In light of the genetic analysis, the histopathological diagnosis was revised to IMT, although inflammatory cells were scarce. IMTs are pseudosarcomatous inflammatory lesions that primarily occur in the soft tissue and viscera of children and young adults. Our report describes for the first time the occurrence of IMT during prenatal life. The ALK rearrangement may represent the molecular definition of a subgroup of mesenchymal tumors, not always with complete morphological features of IMT, similar to the model of EWS rearrangement in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Deficiency in OGG1 Protects against Inflammation and Mutagenic Effects Associated with H. pylori Infection in Mouse

Induction of colonic transmural inflammation by bacteroides fragilis.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 2 2005
Implication of Matrix Metalloproteinases
Abstract Background: Commensal bacteria are implicated in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation, but the precise pathogenetic mechanisms are not known. We hypothesized that Bacteroides fragilis -produced metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for bacterial migration through the intestinal wall and transmural inflammation. Aim: To investigate the role of bacterial-MMP activity in an experimental model of colitis induced by the intramural injection of bacteria. Methods: Suspensions of viable B. fragilis or Escherichia coli were injected into the colonic wall, and the effect of the MMP inhibitor (phenantroline) on histologic lesion scores was tested. MMP activity in bacterial suspensions was measured by azocoll assay. Results: The inoculation with B. fragilis induced chronic inflammatory lesions that were preferentially located in the subserosa, whereas inoculation with E. coli induced acute-type inflammatory reactions, evenly distributed in both the submucosa and subserosa. Treatment with phenantroline significantly decreased subserosal lesion scores in rats inoculated with B. fragilis, but not in rats inoculated with E. coli. Bacterial suspensions of B. fragilis showed MMP activity, but E. coli suspensions did not. Sonication of B. fragilis reduced MMP activity and virulence to induce serosal lesions. Conclusion: Our data suggest that bacterial MMPs may be implicated in the serosal migration of B. fragilis and in the induction of transmural inflammation. [source]

Expression and enzyme activity of ,(1,6)fucosyltransferase in human colorectal cancer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2008
Laura Muinelo-Romay
Abstract Changes in enzyme activity and the expression levels of ,(1,6)fucosyltransferase [,(1,6)FT] have been reported in certain types of malignant transformations. To develop a better understanding of the role of ,(1,6)FT in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC), we analysed the enzyme activity in healthy and tumour tissues. ,(1,6)FT activity was considerably higher in tumour tissue than in healthy tissue and was related to gender, lymph node metastasis, type of growth and tumour stage. We also observed a significant increase in the ,(1,6)FT expression in tumour tissues as compared to healthy and transitional tissues, inflammatory lesions and adenomas. The immunohistochemical expression in tumour tissues was correlated with the degree of infiltration through the intestinal wall. Finally, a statistical correlation was found between enzyme activity and expression obtained by Western blot in colorectal tumours when compared in the same patient. All these findings demonstrate an alteration of ,(1,6)FT activity and expression in CRC. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Faecal screening of colorectal cancer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 3 2008
A. Loganayagam
Summary Aims:, Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health priority. Recent progress in understanding the biology of CRC has lead to possible new approaches to screening. In particular, assay of faecal molecular markers represents a promising non-invasive approach to screening, with improved safety, accuracy and patient compliance. Methods:, MEDLINE/PubMed searches were used to identify key articles relating to faecal-based screening with secondary review of cited publications. Results:, Faecal markers of CRC can be broadly divided into DNA based and non-DNA based. Conclusions:, Faecal occult blood testing for CRC screening has been advocated for decades for its non-invasiveness and low cost. It has exhibited a 15,33% decrease in mortality, despite drawbacks with sensitivity and compliance. Other non-DNA markers have the adequate sensitivity for inflammatory lesions but do not have the required specificity for screening average-risk populations. Faecal DNA testing has the potential to enhance the performance characteristics of stool testing. Because of molecular heterogeneity of cancer, no single DNA marker has yielded adequate sensitivity. Analysis of several combinations of markers in studies have produced high detection rates of both CRC and advanced adenomas in selected patient groups. However, the currently available markers, both non-DNA and DNA, have not yet been validated in large-scale studies screening average -risk population nor have they so far shown the necessary sensitivity and specificity required for large-scale screening programmes. Another major drawback with the DNA-based markers is the cost-effectiveness. Issues regarding implementation and compliance remain unanswered. These critical problems have to be rectified before these techniques can be recommended for large-scale CRC screening. [source]

Acquired localized cutis laxa confined to the face: case report and review of the literature

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 12 2004
Claudia Jimena Perafán Riveros MD
Background, Cutis laxa is an uncommon entity characterized by laxity of the skin, which hangs in loose folds, producing the appearance of premature aging. It can be subdivided into congenital and acquired. This latter variant is rare and the skin involvement varies from generalized to localized. We report a case of a localized acquired cutis laxa confined to the face, without preceding inflammatory lesions or systemic compromise. Four similar cases have been reported to date. The etiology remains unknown and there is no definitive treatment. Methods, A 27-year-old White woman came to our hospital with a wrinkled face, pendulous earlobes and drop eyelids. Changes began 5 years prior, and she appeared much older than her age. Results, Histological analysis and ultrastructural examination of skin biopsy revealed reduction and fragmentation of elastic fibers, confirming the diagnosis of cutis laxa. No systemic involvement was diagnosed. The patient was submitted to plastic surgery for repair, with satisfactory results to date. Conclusions, Acquired localized cutis laxa confined to the face without preceding inflammatory lesions is extremely rare. The etiology remains unknown. Clinical features and histopathologic findings confirm the diagnosis. Surgical repair seems to be the only therapeutic choice, but the results are variable and temporary. [source]

Immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory lesions at implants

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
Federico Gualini
Abstract Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to study some immunohistochemical features of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis lesions. Materials and methods: Two groups of subjects (Groups A and B) were included. Group A consisted of 10 partially edentulous subjects (eight females and two males; 45,72 years of age) who had been restored with implants (Brånemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden). The implants had been in function between 2 and 5 years. In each subject, one implant site demonstrating signs of peri-implant mucositis, i.e. soft tissue inflammation but no bone loss, was selected. The site was anaesthetized and a soft tissue biopsy was collected. In Group B, six subjects were included. They had been restored with implants (Brånemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) between 5 and 11 years prior to the current study. In each individual ,,1 implant site exhibited signs of peri-implantitis and was selected for biopsy. All sites of peri-implantitis had (i) a history of continuous marginal bone loss (assessed in radiographs), (ii) clinical symptoms of soft tissue inflammation (bleeding on probing and suppuration) but (iii) no implant mobility. From each selected peri-implantitis site a 4 × 4 mm large soft tissue biopsy was obtained. All specimens were snap frozen and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis regarding the proportions of cells positive for the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and elastase markers. Results: Peri-implantitis lesions were considerably larger and contained significantly greater proportions of B cells (CD19+) and elastase-positive cells than mucositis lesions. Peri-implantitis sites, in contrast to sites with mucositis, consistently displayed elastase-positive cells in the central portions of the infiltrate. Conclusion: It is suggested that peri-implantitis lesions exhibit properties that are different from mucositis lesions. [source]

Serum interleukin-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum interleukin-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of recurrent aphthous ulcerations

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 3 2004
Andy Sun
Background:, Recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) are common oral inflammatory lesions. Interleukin (IL)-8 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of host response to injury and inflammation. Our recent study has found that measurement of serum IL-6 level can detect only 24% RAU patients with an abnormal serum level. In this study, we examined both the serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in a group of RAU patients. The abilities of IL-6 and IL-8 to detect patients with an abnormal serum level were compared in order to find out whether IL-8 was a more sensitive serum marker than IL-6 in monitoring the disease activity of RAU. Methods:, In this study, we used a solid-phase, two-site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay to determine the baseline serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in 146 patients with RAU, 9 patients with traumatic ulcers (TU), and 54 normal control (NC) subjects. Eighty-two RAU patients, with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration, were treated with levamisole for 0.5,3.5 months, and their serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured after treatment. Results:, We found that 25% (37/146) RAU patients, as well as 33% (20/61) major-type, 19% (13/69) minor-type, and 25% (4/16) herpetiform-type RAU patients, had a serum level of IL-6 greater than the upper normal limit of 4.7 pg/ml. In contrast, 60% (87/146) RAU patients, as well as 59% (36/61) major-type, 59% (41/69) minor-type, and 63% (10/16) herpetiform-type RAU patients, had a serum level of IL-8 greater than the upper normal limit of 8.7 pg/ml. In 82 RAU patients with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration, treatment with levamisole for a period of 0.5,3.5 months could significantly reduce the serum IL-6 level from 12.0 ± 1.6 to 3.0 ± 0.5 pg/ml (P < 0.001), and could significantly lower the serum IL-8 level from 70.9 ± 11.2 to 13.8 ± 3.1 pg/ml (P < 0.001). Conclusions:, Because measurement of serum IL-8 level can detect 60% RAU patients with an abnormal serum level, while measurement of serum IL-6 level can detect only 25% RAU patients with an abnormal serum level, we conclude that serum IL-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum IL-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of RAU. Levamisole can modulate both the serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in RAU patients. IL-8, like IL-6, is also a useful serum marker in evaluating therapeutic effects of levamisole on RAU patients. [source]

Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 brachycephalic dogs with upper respiratory syndrome

JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2005
C. M. Poncet
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in brachycephalic dogs with upper respiratory tract disease. Methods: The gastrointestinal tract and respiratory disorders of 73 brachycephalic dogs presented with upper respiratory signs were evaluated. Clinical signs and endoscopic and histological anomalies of the upper digestive tract were analysed. Results: A very high prevalence of gastrointestinal tract problems brachycephalic dogs presented with upper respiratory problems was observed clinically, endoscopically and histologically. Endoscopic anomalies of the upper digestive tract were present even in dogs without digestive clinical signs. Furthermore, histological evaluation of the digestive tract sometimes showed inflammatory lesions not macroscopically visible at endoscopy. Statistical analysis showed a relationship between the severity of the respiratory and digestive signs. This was significant in French bulldogs, males and heavy brachycephalic dogs. Clinical Significance: These observations show a correlation between upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract problems in brachycephalic breeds with upper respiratory disease. Surgical treatment of respiratory disease could improve the digestive clinical signs, and/or gastro-oesophageal medical treatment could improve the outcome for surgically treated brachycephalic dogs. [source]

Prospective, open-label, comparative study of clindamycin 1%/benzoyl peroxide 5% gel with adapalene 0.1% gel in Asian acne patients: efficacy and tolerability

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
H-C Ko
Abstract Background, Used as individual agents, topical antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide are known to be effective in treatment of acne. Clindamycin phosphate 1% with benzoyl peroxide 5% (CDP/BPO) is a new combination gel, made by rationale, in that combination drug is more effective than either ingredients used alone. Adapalene 0.1% (ADA) is the third-generation retinoid, shown to be as effective as other topical retinoid with well tolerability. Objectives, To compare the efficacy and tolerability in combination of CDP/BPO in comparison with ADA in Asian patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Methods, Total of 69 patients, including 31 patients for CDP/BPO group and 38 for ADA group, with mild to moderate acne vulgaris were enrolled for a 12-week prospective, randomized, open-label comparative study of topical agents. Efficacy was assessed by lesion counts, acne grading system, and global improvement. Adverse events were also evaluated in scale of 0 (none) to 3 (severe). Results, Both CDP/BPO and ADA were effective in reducing lesion counts and acne severity scale and showed significant global improvement. However, CDP/BPO offered greater efficacy against inflammatory lesions than ADA. Both drugs were well tolerated with minimal adverse drug reactions. Conclusion, Combination formulation of CDP/BPO and ADA were shown to be both effective in decreasing total, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory lesion counts along with well tolerability in Asian patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Conflicts of interest None declared [source]

Rosacea and its management: an overview

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
AK Gupta
ABSTRACT Background, Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects 10% of the population. The prevalence of rosacea is highest among fair-skinned individuals, particularly those of Celtic and northern European descent. Since a cure for rosacea does not yet exist, management and treatment regimens are designed to suppress the inflammatory lesions, erythema, and to a lesser extent, the telangiectasia involved with rosacea. Objectives, This review outlines the treatment options that are available to patients with rosacea. Methods, Published literature involving the treatment or management of rosacea was examined and summarized. Results, Patients who find that they blush and flush frequently, or have a family history of rosacea are advised to avoid the physiological and environmental stimuli that can cause increased facial redness. Topical agents such as metronidazole, azelaic acid cream or sulfur preparations are effective in managing rosacea. Patients who have progressed to erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular rosacea may benefit from the use of an oral antibiotic, such as tetracycline, and in severe or recalcitrant cases, isotretinoin to bring the rosacea flare-up under control. Treatment with a topical agent, such as metronidazole, may help maintain remission. Patients with ocular involvement may benefit from a long-term course of an antibiotic and the use of metronidazole gel. A surgical alternative, laser therapy, is recommended for the treatment of telangiectasias and rhinophyma. Patients with distraught feelings due to their rosacea may consider cosmetic camouflage to cover the signs of rosacea. Conclusions, With the wide variety of oral and topical agents available for the effective management of rosacea, patients no longer need to feel self-conscious because of their disorder. [source]

Effects of ablative 10,600-nm carbon dioxide fractional laser therapy on suppurative diseases of the skin: A case series of 12 patients

LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 8 2009
Sung Bin Cho MD
Abstract Background and Objectives We have used an ablative 10,600-nm carbon dioxide fractional laser system (CO2 FS) for suppurative diseases in order to attempt improvement. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the effect of CO2 FS on the course of inflammatory reactions in suppurative diseases. Materials and Methods We reviewed a total of 12 Korean patients with suppurative diseases of the skin who had a history of treatment failure with several therapeutic modalities as well as active and multiple inflammatory lesions at the time of CO2 FS treatment. Results Improvement scores considering the number of suppurative lesions revealed that 3 of the 12 patients demonstrated clinical improvement of grade 4. Seven had clinical improvement of grade 3 and two showed improvement of grade 2. Improvement scores in severity were also evaluated; 2 of the 12 patients showed clinical improvement of grade 4. Six demonstrated clinical improvement of grade 3 and four had clinical improvement of grade 2. No patient showed a worsening of suppurative lesions. Conclusion Our observations demonstrated that the use of CO2 FS did not make active suppurative lesions worse, and might have a therapeutic effect on suppurative diseases and their related scars. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:550,554, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris in patients with skin phototype IV

LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 2 2007
Seung Yoon Lee MD
Abstract Background and Objectives Blue light is effective for acne treatment, inducing photodynamic destruction of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of combined blue and red light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy for acne vulgaris. Materials and Methods Twenty-four patients with mild to moderately severe facial acne were treated with quasimonochromatic LED devices, alternating blue (415 nm) and red (633 nm) light. The treatment was performed twice a week for 4 weeks. Objective assays of the skin condition were carried out before and after treatment at each treatment session. Clinical assessments were conducted before treatment, after the 2nd, 4th, and 6th treatment sessions and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the final treatment by grading and lesion counting. Results The final mean percentage improvements in non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions were 34.28% and 77.93%, respectively. Instrumental measurements indicated that the melanin levels significantly decreased after treatment. Brightened skin tone and improved skin texture were spontaneously reported by 14 patients. Conclusion Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy is an effective, safe and non-painful treatment for mild to moderately severe acne vulgaris, particularly for papulopustular acne lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:180,188, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]