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Inflammatory Bowel (inflammatory + bowel)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	90%

Terms modified by Inflammatory Bowel

inflammatory bowel disease

inflammatory bowel disease patient

inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire

Selected Abstracts

Inflammatory bowel disease-associated gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells by differential cDNA screening and mRNA display

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 5 2003
Kouhei Fukushima M.D., Ph.D.
Abstract Intestinal epithelial cells are actively involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease resulting in an altered functional phenotype. The modulation of epithelial gene expression may occur as a consequence of proliferative, metabolic, immune, inflammatory, or genetic abnormalities. Differential screening of epithelial-cell-derived cDNA libraries (from control, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease epithelial cells) and differential display of mRNA were used for investigation of disease-associated gene expression and modulation. Intestinal epithelial gene expression was successfully analyzed by both approaches. Using differential screening with clones encoding mitochondrial genes, quantitative overexpression was observed in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, while a unique expression of small RNA was noticed in Crohn's disease cells using Alu-homologous clones. Differential display demonstrated that several genes were differentially displayed among control, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease epithelial cells. This was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of pleckstrin, desmoglein 2 and voltage-dependent anion channel in control and inflammatory bowel disease mucosal samples. In summary, several inflammatory bowel disease-related associations were found. Since both differential screening and display have advantages and limitations, the combination of both techniques can generate complementary information, facilitate search for novel genes, and potentially identify genes uniquely associated with inflammatory bowel disease. [source]

High therapy adherence but substantial limitations to daily activities amongst members of the Dutch inflammatory bowel disease patients' organization: a patient empowerment study

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 8 2009
J. E. BAARS
Aliment Pharmacol Ther,30, 864,872 Summary Background, Adherence is important for successful treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Previous studies demonstrated high prevalence of non-adherence. Aim, To assess IBD-patients' perceptions of therapy adherence and disease-related functional status in members of the Dutch patients' association of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (CCUVN). Methods, Inflammatory bowel disease-patients completed anonymously a survey at the website of the CCUVN. Statistical analysis was performed using principal component analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results, The questionnaire was completed by 1067 patients [617 (58%) Crohn's disease (CD) and 450 (42%) ulcerative colitis (UC)]. Mean age was 43 years (s.d. 13.7); women (66%). Of 920 patients currently using medication, 797 (87%) were adherent. Of the patients using 5-ASA, 91% were adherent (527/582), vs. 96% using corticosteroids (316/330) and 97% (414/425) using immunosuppressives. CD patients (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.05,2.27), patients with duration of disease ,8 years (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.49,3.39) were more adherent. Fifty percent of patients reported a low functional status and were limited in daily activities. Conclusion, This population-based study shows high therapy adherence, but low functional status in Dutch CCUVN-related IBD-patients. The high adherence rate in this present study could be an effect of CCUVN membership. [source]

A genome scan in 260 inflammatory bowel disease-affected relative pairs

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 1 2004
M. Michael Barmada PhD
Abstract We report the results of a new genome scan in 260 IBD-affected relative pairs from 139 families that we have recruited since our previous IBD genome scans were performed. The goal of our study was to determine whether we could extend the linkage evidence in any of the more than 20 regions with nominal evidence for linkage to IBD in previous individual genome scans in order to prioritize regions for further study. [source]

Inflammatory bowel disease-associated gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells by differential cDNA screening and mRNA display

Microscopic colitis: an underdiagnosed cause of chronic diarrhoea , the clue is in the biopsies

INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 7 2003
C. S. Pokorny
Abstract Microscopic forms of colitis (collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis) are uncommon but important causes of chronic diarrhoea that are often overlooked. The clinical features of these disorders are similar, and they are more common in middle-aged females, although the female predominance is greater in collagenous colitis. Although their cause is unclear, both are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Colonoscopy and barium enema are typically normal, so that the diagnosis depends on the demonstration of characteristic changes on histopathological examination of colorectal biopsies. These should be taken in all patients undergoing colonoscopy for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea. There are no large controlled trials of therapy available. Treatment is empirical, generally using the same agents as for inflammatory bowel disease. Assessment of therapy is also difficult as spontaneous remissions occur often. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 305,309) [source]

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for detection of disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with colorectal cancer using different mRNA markers

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 2 2004
Ronny Schuster
Abstract The detection of disseminated tumor cells in peripheral blood from colorectal cancer patients by RT-PCR could be an attractive method for selecting patients for adjuvant therapy. We here report on real-time RT-PCR assays (LightCycler) to quantitate potential mRNA markers. We investigated specimens from colon carcinoma and normal colon mucosa tissues, cell lines, blood samples from 129 patients with colorectal cancer (all stages) and 58 reference blood samples (healthy donors, persons suffering from inflammatory bowel or infectious diseases). The expression profile in tissues showed high values for CEA and CK20, whereas in cell lines ProtM was predominant. All markers were detected in reference and patient blood samples (ProtM, 22, 17%; CEA, 84, 86%; CK20, 85, 88%). After quantitative analysis, the definition of cutoff values for each marker and the combination of markers, 13% of patients were judged to have elevated marker concentrations in their blood, from which only 6 had values significantly differing from cutoff value. There were no differences between stages of disease. In the case of 19 patients, investigated prior to and 1 week after surgery, 2 samples revealed a significant postoperative increase in CEA or CK20 mRNA concentration. In spite of high expression levels in tissues and cell lines, we were not able to differentiate satisfyingly mRNA markers originating from tumor cells and those from illegitimate transcription in hematopoetic cells in blood. We conclude that either copy numbers of analyzed markers in circulating tumor cells are not sufficient for detection or, more probably, peripheral blood is not a suitable compartment for detection of tumor cells in colorectal cancer. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Systematic review: steroid withdrawal in anti-TNF-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 3 2010
E. Bultman
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 313,323 Summary Background, The increasing awareness of increased risk for opportunistic infections when combining several immunosuppressant drugs led to new treatment goals for inflammatory bowel disease including limited use of steroids. Aim, To conduct a systematic review to establish figures for steroid withdrawal in anti-TNF treated inflammatory bowel disease-patients. Methods, Medline was searched using the search-terms Ulcerative Colitis (UC) [Mesh], Crohn Disease (CD) [Mesh], IBD [Mesh], crohn, colitis, IBD and steroid sparing, all combined with infliximab and adalimumab. We selected English-language publications that addressed the effect of anti-TNF on steroid withdrawal. Studies had to assess patients with luminal CD or UC. Numbers of patients who were able to withdraw steroids were calculated. Results, Six studies could be included; five reporting on infliximab and one on adalimumab. Studies were heterogeneously designed. Overall, in the adult population, up to 38% of the patients were able to withdraw corticosteroids during infliximab therapy. In the paediatric population, up to 75% of the patients were able to withdraw corticosteroids during infliximab therapy. Conclusions, Although a consensus on the definition of steroid-sparing is lacking, approximately two-thirds of the inflammatory bowel disease-patients are unable to withdraw corticosteroid treatment during anti-TNF therapy. [source]

Clinical features of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in African American patients with underlying ulcerative colitis

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2009
L. MOORE
Summary Background, The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in African Americans appears to be increasing. The data on differences in disease behavior and severity between the races have been conflicting. Aim, To evaluate the effect of race on outcome and natural history of patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Methods, All African American patients with underlying ulcerative colitis and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis who were seen in our subspecialty Pouchitis Clinic from 2002 to 2008 were included. The control group consisted of Caucasian patients with ulcerative colitis and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis who were randomly selected from the same Pouch Registry at a ratio of 4:1. We compared pouch failure, Crohn's disease of the pouch, and chronic pouchitis rates, as well as other 23 demographic and clinical variables between African American and Caucasian patients. Results, A total of 12 African American patients and 48 Caucasian patients were evaluated in this case-control study. There were no significant differences in the frequency of pouch failure, Crohn's disease of the pouch, or chronic pouchitis between the African American and Caucasian groups. However, African American patients were found to have a significantly shorter duration of inflammatory bowel disease (11.5 years vs. 17.0 years, P = 0.024) as well as significantly shorter duration of pouch (1.5 years vs. 4 years, P = 0.02). African Americans were also less likely to have pancolitis at the time of colectomy (83% vs. 100%, P = 0.037). Conclusions, While there were no significant differences in pouch outcomes between the races, African American patients appeared to have more left-sided colitis at the time of colectomy, with a shorter duration of inflammatory bowel and ileal pouch. This finding suggests that the natural history of ulcerative colitis and disease course before and after restorative proctocolectomy may be different between these racial groups. [source]

Osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 9 2004
C. N. Bernstein
Summary Studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry have suggested a high prevalence of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. However, population-based data on fracture incidence suggest only a small increased risk of fracture amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease compared with the general population. Therefore, it would be helpful to identify patients with inflammatory bowel disease at particularly high risk for fracture so that these risks might be modified or interventions might be undertaken. The data on calcium intake as a predictor of bone mineral density are conflicting. Although there are data suggesting that a one-time survey to determine current calcium intake will not help to predict bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease, persistently reduced calcium intake does appear to lead to lower bone mineral density. In the general population, body mass is strongly correlated with bone mineral density, which also appears to be true in Crohn's disease. Hence, subjects with inflammatory bowel disease and considerable weight loss, or who are obviously malnourished, could be considered for bone mineral density testing, and the finding of a low bone mineral density would suggest the need for more aggressive nutritional support. Although vitamin D is undoubtedly important in bone health, vitamin D intake and serum vitamin D levels do not correlate well with bone mineral density. Sex hormone deficiency can also adversely affect bone health, although a well-developed strategy for sex hormone measurements in patients with inflammatory bowel disease remains to be established. Ultimately, the determination of genetic mutations that accurately predict fracture susceptibility may be the best hope for developing a simplified strategy for managing bone health in inflammatory bowel disease. The therapy of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease has been adapted from other osteoporosis settings, such as post-menopausal or corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. To date, there remains no therapy proven to be efficacious in inflammatory bowel disease-related osteoporosis; however, calcium and vitamin D supplementation and bisphosphonates have their roles. [source]

NMR-based metabonomics analysis of mouse urine and fecal extracts following oral treatment with the broad-spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin (Baytril)

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue S1 2009
Lindsey E. Romick-Rosendale
Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is home to hundreds of species of bacteria and the balance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria plays a critical role in human health and disease. The human infant, however, is born with a sterile gut and the complex gastrointestinal host/bacterial ecosystem is only established after birth by rapid bacterial colonization. Composition of newborn gut flora depends on several factors including type of birth (Ceasarian or natural), manner of early feeding (breast milk or formula), and exposure to local, physical environment. Imbalance in normal, healthy gut flora contributes to several adult human diseases including inflammatory bowel (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and Clostridium difficile associated disease, and early childhood diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. As a first step towards characterization of the role of gut bacteria in human health and disease, we conducted an 850 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study to monitor changes in metabolic profiles of urine and fecal extracts of 15 mice following gut sterilization by the broad-spectrum antibiotic enrofloxacin (also known as Baytril). Ten metabolites changed in urine following enrofloxacin treatment including decreased acetate due to loss of microbial catabolism of sugars and polysaccharides, decreased trimethylamine- N -oxide due to loss of microbial catabolism of choline, and increased creatine and creatinine due to loss of microbial enzyme degradation. Eight metabolites changed in fecal extracts of mice treated with enrofloxacin including depletion of amino acids produced by microbial proteases, reduction in metabolites generated by lactate-utilizing bacteria, and increased urea caused by loss of microbial ureases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]