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Infested Areas (infested + area)
Selected AbstractspiggyBac transformation of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, produces multiple distinct mutant strainsMEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2004M. L. Allen Abstract., Sterile insect technique (SIT) programs are designed to eradicate pest species by releasing mass-reared, sterile insects into an infested area. The first major implementation of SIT was the New World Screwworm Eradication Program, which successfully eliminated the New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), from the Continental US, Mexico and much of Central America. Ionizing radiation is currently used for sterilization, but transgenic insect techniques could replace this method, providing a safer, more cost-effective alternative. Genetic transformation methods have been demonstrated in NWS, and verified by Southern blot hybridization, PCR and sequencing of element insertion junctions. A lethal insertional mutation and enhancer detection-like phenotypic expression variations are presented and discussed. In addition to supporting the eradication efforts, transformation methods offer potential means to identify genes and examine gene function in NWS. [source] Identification of pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum found in infested fields in TurkeyEPPO BULLETIN, Issue 2 2009E. Çak Pathotypes of four isolates of Synchytrium endobioticum collected from the infested areas of Turkey were determined using Glynne,Lemmerzahl and Spieckermann test methods. Two isolates (Ordu 1 and Nev,ehir 1) were tested by the Glynne,Lemmerzahl method in Germany. Ordu 1 was assigned as pathotype 1(D1) whereas the other isolate gave different results in 2 years of testing [pathotype 6(O1) or 18(T1)]. Two other isolates (Nev,ehir 2 and Nev,ehir 3) were tested using the Spieckermann method in Netherlands. Neither of these last two isolates tested were found to belong to the pathotypes known from Western Europe. The isolates Nev,ehir 2 and Nev,ehir 3 were given a new, unique code: 38 (Nev,ehir). [source] Sampling plan for the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella with sex pheromone trapsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 6 2008T. Bacca Abstract The population density of the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Méneville & Perrottet) (Lep., Lyonetiidae) can be estimated using pheromone traps in coffee fields as male capture reflects this pest damage based on previous correlational study. However, the spatial distribution of pheromone traps and their density are necessary to optimize the sampling procedure with pheromone traps. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to determine the pheromone trap density required per hectare to sample coffee leaf miner populations and to determine the spatial distribution of the males of this pest species. The males were sampled every 8 days in 12 consecutive evaluations. Taylor's power law and frequency distributions were used to recognize the distribution of the male capture data, which followed a negative binomial distribution. A common K was obtained, allowing the establishment of a single conventional sampling plan for the 12 fields investigated. The adjusted sampling plan requires eight traps in an area of 30 ha for a 25% precision error. Kriging-generated maps allowed the simulation of male captures for 8, 12 and 20 traps per 30 ha and the results were compared with those obtained with absolute sampling resulting in R2 -values of 0.30, 0.57 and 0.60 respectively. The traps were able to identify the more highly infested areas within the field and are a precise and efficient tool for sampling populations of L. coffeella. [source] Geostatistical characterization of the spatial distribution of Grapholita molesta and Anarsia lineatella males in an agricultural landscapeJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2006A. Sciarretta Abstract:, The results obtained in spatial analysis of pheromone trap catches of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella (Zeller), are reported. The studies were performed in the Molise region, central Italy, during 2002 and 2003. Local distributions of oriental fruit moth and peach twig borer males were considered in a heterogeneous landscape. The aim of the study was to determine the temporal and spatial variation in distribution and abundance of the insect pests inside small plots of fruit orchards (apple, kiwi, peach, pear and plum fruits) and outside (in field crops, irrigation channels, hedgerows and a river), and to evaluate the importance of the host plants in relation to the adult distributions. Results showed that the main ,hot spot' for both lepidopterous pests was in a stone fruit orchard in the northern zone of the study area; other infested areas were in stone orchards and, in the case of A. lineatella, also in plum orchards. The river seems to act as a barrier rather than an ecological corridor. The observed spatio-temporal distributions of G. molesta and A. lineatella differed and were determined mainly by the location of the most important host plants and by the tendency of males to move in the environment, i.e. inside and outside the breeding and mating sites. Adequate knowledge of these spatial processes should be considered as an essential prerequisite for integrated pest management programmes in a precision farming approach. [source] | ||||||||||