Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Infants' Needs (infant + need)
Selected AbstractsRelationships between nurse care-giving behaviours and preterm infant responses during bathing: a preliminary studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 1-2 2010Jen-Jiuan Liaw Aims., The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between specific nurse care-giving behaviours and preterm infant behavioural responses during bathing and to identify nurse behaviours associated with infant ,stress'. Background., Although recent advances in medical technology have improved neonatal intensive care, the high mortality and morbidity rates in preterm infants have not decreased proportionally. As caregivers strive to reduce infant mortality and morbidity, a factor for consideration is which caregiver behaviours are associated with preterm infant well-being. Design., A descriptive correlational design. Method., Convenience samples of 24 preterm infants and 12 nurses were recruited. A total of 120 baths were videotaped. Infant and nurse behaviours were measured using the coding schemes developed by the researchers. Pearson coefficient correlation, non-parametric Kruskal,Wallis test, t -test and generalised linear models were methods for data analysis. Results., As nurses provided more support, stress was reduced in the infants, and their self-regulation during the bath was enhanced especially by the use of ,containment' and ,positional support'. Conversely, non-therapeutic caregiver behaviours including ,rapid and rough handling' of the baby, ,chatting with other people' and ,inappropriate handling' increased infant ,stress' during the bath. Conclusion., The findings provide new information about the link between care-giving and infant responses and how caregivers can better interact with preterm infants during a very sensitive period of brain development. Relevance to clinical practice., How nurses take care of the preterm infants influences their responses to care-giving stimuli. To interact better with the infant during care-giving procedures, nurses need to provide more supportive care-giving behaviours especially ,position support' and ,containment' based on the infant's needs, and avoid care-giving that may be too rough and occur too quickly without attending the baby's stressful signals, positioning the baby in hyperextension posture, or chatting with other people during procedures. [source] Changes in infant directed speech in the first six monthsINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2006Kjellrun Englund Abstract The Mother,Infant Phonetic Interaction model (MIPhI) predicts that, compared with adult directed speech (ADS), in infant directed speech (IDS) vowels will be overspecified and consonants underspecified during the infants' first 6 months. In a longitudinal natural study, six mothers' ADS and IDS were recorded on 10 occasions during the first 6 months after their infants were born. Acoustic,phonetic measures, including the first two formant frequencies and duration for vowels and the duration of the fricative /s/, were used to test the MIPhI model with differences between IDS and ADS during the infants' first 6 months. Repeated measures analyses showed the fricative /s/ duration was stably longer in IDS, corresponding to an overspecification throughout the 6 months. The unexpected smaller vowel space for IDS than ADS was stably maintained over the six months, suggesting an underspecification of vowels. Vowel duration, which was generally longer in IDS than ADS, however, changed over time, decreasing in difference between IDS and ADS during month 3 and 4. Results invite adjustments to the MIPhI model, in particular related to infants' needs for perceptual enhancement of speech segments, and to the course of infant neurological and communicative development throughout the first 6 months. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Parental perception and interpretation of infant emotions: psychological and physiological processesINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2005Gottfried Spangler Abstract To study parental experience and perception of infant emotional expressions parents' responses to infant pictures depicting positive, neutral and negative emotions were assessed on the level of affective judgments (perceived and experienced valence and arousal), of mimic responses (facial muscle activity) and of the eyelid reflex (using the startle paradigm). In general, while parents were able to appropriately perceive infant emotions and were clearly affected by them, they exhibited a bias for positive interpretation. This was obvious from their subjective evaluations which, e.g. were more positive for experienced than for perceived valence, as well as from their mimic responses indicating positive responses in general. In addition, infant pictures including the negative ones lead to an inhibition of the startle reflex, indicating a positive evaluation of infant emotions on the sub-cortical level. These effects were most prominent when parents were faced with pictures of their own infants as compared to unfamiliar ones. The way parents process information about infant emotions may facilitate appropriate responsiveness to infants' needs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Infants admitted to neonatal units , interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review 1990,2007MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION, Issue 4 2008Rhona J. McInnes Abstract This review aimed to identify interventions to promote breastfeeding or breast milk feeding for infants admitted to the neonatal unit. The medical electronic databases were searched for papers listed between 1990 and June 2005 which had breastfeeding or breast milk as an outcome and which targeted infants who had been admitted to a neonatal unit, thus including the infant and/or their parents and/or neonatal unit staff. Only papers culturally relevant to the UK were included resulting in studies from the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. This search was updated in December 2007 to include publications up to this date. We assessed 86 papers in full, of which 27 ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The studies employed a range of methods and targeted different aspects of breastfeeding in the neonatal unit. Variations in study type and outcomes meant that there was no clear message of what works best but skin-to-skin contact and additional postnatal support seemed to offer greater advantage for the infant in terms of breastfeeding outcome. Galactogogues for mothers who are unable to meet their infants' needs may also help to increase milk supply. Evidence of an effect from other practices, such as cup-feeding on breastfeeding was limited; mainly because of a lack of research but also because few studies followed up the population beyond discharge from the unit. Further research is required to explore the barriers to breastfeeding in this vulnerable population and to identify appropriate interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes. [source] | ||||||||||