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Industrial Sources (industrial + source)
Selected AbstractsMercury and halides emissions from 200 MW pulverized coal combustion boilerASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2010Hui Wu Abstract Mercury emission from coal-fired power plants is the major industrial source of mercury pollution in China. For a better understanding about the coal combustion Hg emission in China, a field measurement was conducted on a 200 MW pulverized coal fired boiler. Halides being proved to be mercury transformation participators, the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) recommended Ontario Hydro method (OHM) and EPA Method 26A were adopted to determine the speciation of Hg and halides in postcombustion flue gases, respectively. Results indicated that, as the flue gas cooling down, the percentage of oxidized mercury in total gas phase mercury (Hg2+(g)/HgT(G)) increased from 41% to about 74% across the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet. Oxidized mercury (Hg2+(g)) was more apt to be absorbed onto the fly ash. The main halides measured in flue gas were HF and HCl, while the concentrations of Cl2 and HBr were extremely low and no Br2 was detected in flue gas. Analysis indicated that acid flue gas components, such as HCl, HF, SO2 and NO, showed a certain extent of promotion on Hg oxidation. The measured mercury emission factor (EMF) in this test was 5.63 g/1012J (13.1 lb/1012Btu). Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A conceptual selenium management modelINTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2009Peter M Chapman Abstract We describe herein a conceptual selenium (Se) management model, directed toward coal mining in western Canada, but which can be applied to other coal mines and, with appropriate modification, to other industrial sources of Se to aquatic and terrestrial environments. This conceptual model provides a transparent means to integrate and synthesize existing information that can be used to provide an adaptive approach for managing ecological exposures and associated risk. It is particularly useful for visualizing and subsequently developing management interventions for Se control and risk reduction. The model provides a structured process by which critical information needs can be identified and addressed. It effectively provides the foundation for making management decisions related to Se discharges to aquatic and terrestrial environments by showing interrelationships of the various media and receptors as well as primary sources, release mechanisms, secondary sources, and exposure pathways. [source] Metals in the sediments of the Huron-Erie Corridor in North America: Factors regulating metal distribution and mobilizationLAKES & RESERVOIRS: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2007Ewa Szalinska Abstract Sediment samples from the Huron-Erie Corridor (Great Lakes, North America) were collected to quantify the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic sources of contamination, and to study the spatial metal distribution patterns of metals as a function of the characteristics of the Corridor sediments. A stratified random sampling design was used to measure the spatial patterns of metal inputs, settling and sorting along the length of the Corridor. Factors regulating metal mobilization were assessed by determining metal affinities with the total organic fraction (TOM), the mineral fraction (represented as Al), and the granulometric characteristic (represented as <0.063 mm fraction). The study revealed that anthropogenic factors primarily regulated metal distributions and mobilization throughout the Huron-Erie Corridor. In the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, the spatial pattern of metal distributions strongly reflected local industrial sources. In the Walpole Delta and Lake St. Clair, however, inorganic (clays) and organic (TOM) particles dominated the contaminant distribution. Sediment contamination issues throughout the Huron-Erie Corridor were dominated by mercury, released from sources along the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. The mean enrichment factor EFAl for mercury in these sediments has reached 68.3. Other metal pollutants were confined to the sediments in the lower depositional reach of the Corridor. [source] In situ and remote-sensing measurements of the mean microphysical and optical properties of industrial pollution aerosol during ADRIEXTHE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue S1 2007S. R. Osborne Abstract We present a summary of the principal physical and optical properties of aerosol particles using the FAAM BAE-146 instrumented aircraft during ADRIEX between 27 August and 6 September 2004, augmented by sunphotometer, lidar and satellite retrievals. Observations of anthropogenic aerosol, principally from industrial sources, were concentrated over the northern Adriatic Sea and over the Po Valley close to the aerosol sources. An additional flight was also carried out over the Black Sea to compare east and west European pollution. Measurements show the single-scattering albedo of dry aerosol particles to vary considerably between 0.89 and 0.97 at a wavelength of 0.55 µm, with a campaign mean within the polluted lower free troposphere of 0.92. Although aerosol concentrations varied significantly from day to day and during individual days, the shape of the aerosol size distribution was relatively consistent through the experiment, with no detectable change observed over land and over sea. There is evidence to suggest that the pollution aerosol within the marine boundary layer was younger than that in the elevated layer. Trends in the aerosol volume distribution show consistency with multiple-site AERONET radiometric observations. The aerosol optical depths derived from aircraft measurements show a consistent bias to lower values than both the AERONET and lidar ground-based radiometric observations, differences which can be explained by local variations in the aerosol column loading and by some aircraft instrumental artefacts. Retrievals of the aerosol optical depth and fine-mode (<0.5 µm radius) fraction contribution to the optical depth using MODIS data from the Terra and Aqua satellites show a reasonable level of agreement with the AERONET and aircraft measurements. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source] Prediction of the Removal Efficiency of a Novel Two-Stage Hybrid Scrubber for Flue Gas DesulfurizationCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 1 2006A. Bandyopadhyaya Abstract Emission of SO2 from various industrial sources occurs in varying concentrations and quantities. The operation of scrubbers as SO2 control devices is getting more and more attention as pollution control regulations are tightened. Experimental investigations on the scrubbing of SO2 in a novel two-stage hybrid (spray-cum-bubble column) scrubber using water and dilute sodium alkali are reported. Empirical and semi-empirical correlations are developed for the prediction of the performances of the bubble and the spray sections in terms of various pertinent variables of the system for water and alkaline scrubbing, respectively. The contribution of the mass transfer enhancement factor towards the removal of SO2 has been exploited while developing the semi-empirical correlation for the prediction of performance in alkaline scrubbing. The predicted values are in excellent agreement with the experimental values. Finally, the operating features of the scrubber and design aspects are discussed in order to develop our understanding for practical applications. [source] | |||||||||||||