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Individual Lesions (individual + lesion)
Selected AbstractsA rapid method to clinically assess the effect of an anti-acne formulationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010N. Muizzuddin J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 25,29 (January/February 2009) Synopsis Historically, clinical evaluation of acne treatment has been based on direct visual assessment and the counting of lesions over a period of several weeks of treatment. However, with advancing technology there has been ever-increasing speed in the effectiveness of these treatments. To successfully assess these faster treatments, acne pathology needs to be evaluated in a shorter time frame. The object of these studies was to develop techniques to evaluate individual acne lesions in a shorter time frame and to assess speedier treatment technologies. Ten healthy volunteers with acne lesions on their upper backs were recruited for the study. Two inflamed acne lesions were selected for each treatment, along with lesions to be left untreated, on each volunteer. Each lesion was marked, photographed, and visually graded. A skin surface microscope (Scopeman) was used to visualize size and to grade the lesions by two experts every day for five days. The sites were treated once a day for the course of the study. There was a remarkable reduction in the size and erythema of acne lesions after treatment with the acne formulation as compared to the untreated and vehicle-treated lesions. Individual lesions, both treated and untreated, appeared resolved in 14 days. This resolution can be noticeably accelerated by topical treatments. We have developed a simple and faster clinical method to evaluate the effects of topical anti-acne technology. [source] Cutaneous alternariosis in a cardiac transplant recipientAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2001Tanya K Gilmour SUMMARY A 55-year-old male cardiac transplant recipient presented with cutaneous nodules on the limbs caused by Alternaria alternata. Oral fluconazole 200 mg daily for 3 weeks was ineffective. Itraconazole 100 mg oral daily was ceased when hyperglycaemia developed. Individual lesions were successfully treated with either curettage and cautery or double freeze-thaw cryotherapy. Alternaria spp. are ubiquitous fungal saprophytes which may cause cutaneous infections particularly in immunocompromised patients. [source] Correlation between morphology and human telomerase gene amplification in bronchial brushing cells for the diagnosis of lung cancerDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2010Yi-Bo Fan M.D. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of amplification of the human telomerase gene (TERC), as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in routine liquid-based cytological preparations from bronchial brushing specimens, and to assess the associations between TERC amplification, cytological diagnosis, and cytological morphology, in order to obtain further insight into these associations. Bronchial brushings from 102 patients with lung carcinoma (52 squamous-cell carcinomas, 22 adenocarcinomas, 28 small cell lung carcinomas) and 40 patients with nonmalignant disease were used. Amplification of TERC was performed using a commercially available two-color FISH probe, and slides were prepared for the SurePath liquid-based Pap test (LPT) using the same samples. Amplification of TERC was significantly associated with histological diagnoses (P < 0.05). Patients with lung cancer, and especially those with nonsmall cell lung cancer, had significantly higher percentages of cells with amplification of TERC than did patients with nonmalignant disease (P < 0.05). Comparing the FISH and LPT results, there was no significant difference in diagnostic sensitivity between the two methods (P > 0.05). However the difference in diagnostic sensitivity of the two methods for squamous-cell carcinoma was significant (P < 0.01). FISH can be performed on bronchial brushing specimens to detect amplification of TERC. This test may be an adjunct to cytology screening, especially in squamous-cell carcinoma, and may provide an indication of the potential of individual lesions to progress. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Multilineage progression of genetically unstable tumor subclones in cutaneous T-cell lymphomaEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2004Albert Rübben Abstract:, Molecular analysis of solid malignant tumors has suggested multilineage progression of genetically unstable subclones during early stages of tumorigenesis as a common mechanism of tumor cell evolution. We have investigated whether multilineage progression is a feature of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). To identify individual tumor cell subclones, we determined the pattern of mutations within microsatellite DNA obtained from multiple histomorphologically confined tumor cell nests of mycosis fungoides (MF) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) lesions. Tumor cells were isolated by laser microdissection, and allelotypes were determined at microsatellite markers D6S260, D9S162, D9S171, D10S215, TP53.PCR15, and D18S65. Nine cases of MF and one patient with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) originating from LyP were analyzed at 277 different microdissected areas obtained from 31 individual lesions. Three specimens of cutaneous lichen planus microdissected at 26 areas served as the control tissue. Microsatellite instability in microdissected tissue [MSI(md-tissue)] was detected in tumor tissues of all CTCL patients. One hundred and fifty-seven of 469 analyzed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications contained mutated microsatellite alleles (34%). In lichen planus, MSI(md-tissue) was seen in only four of 76 PCR products (5%) (P < 0.0001). The distribution of allelotypes in tumor cells from different disease stages was consistent with multilineage progression in five MF cases, as well as in the LyP/ALCL patient. Our results suggest that CTCL may evolve by multilineage progression and that tumor subclones in MF can be detected in early disease stages by mutation analysis of microsatellite DNA obtained from multiple microdissected areas. [source] Temporary Occlusion of the Great Cardiac Vein and Coronary Sinus to Facilitate Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Mitral IsthmusJOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 6 2008ANDRE D'AVILA M.D. Introduction: Ablation of the mitral isthmus to achieve bidirectional conduction block is technically challenging, and incomplete block slows isthmus conduction and is often proarrhythmic. The presence of the blood pool in the coronary venous system may act as a heat-sink, thereby attenuating transmural RF lesion formation. This porcine study tested the hypothesis that elimination of this heat-sink effect by complete air occlusion of the coronary sinus (CS) would facilitate transmural endocardial ablation at the mitral isthmus. Methods: This study was performed in nine pigs using a 30 mm-long prototype linear CS balloon catheter able to occlude and displace the blood within the CS (the balloon was inflated with ,5 cc of air). Using a 3.5 mm irrigated catheter (35 W, 30 cc/min, 1 minute lesions), two sets of mitral isthmus ablation lines were placed per animal: one with the balloon deflated (CS open) and one inflated (CS Occluded). After ablation, gross pathological analysis of the linear lesions was performed. Results: A total of 17 ablation lines were placed: 7 with CS Occlusion, and 10 without occlusion. Despite similar biophysical characteristics of the individual lesions, lesion transmurality was consistently noted only when using the air-filled CS balloon. Conclusions: Temporary displacement of the venous blood pool using an air-filled CS balloon permits transmurality of mitral isthmus ablation; this may obviate the need for ablation within the CS to achieve bidirectional mitral isthmus conduction. [source] Guidelines for using quantitative magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring treatment of multiple sclerosis,JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 4 2003Mark A. Horsfield PhD Abstract Quantitative evaluation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is now an accepted part of the trial of new putative treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, conventional MRI is not pathologically specific, and it does not reveal the details of the pathological processes that underlie the progression of the disease. Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging is a relatively new quantitative technique that appears to offer some pathological specificity, and can be used to monitor the changes over time in both individual lesions and the central nervous system as a whole. This paper considers the case for incorporating MT imaging into new clinical trials, so that the utility of MT for monitoring the modification of MS progression by treatment can be assessed. Specific guidelines for implementing MT imaging as part of a large multicenter clinical trial are given, and practical considerations when planning such a trial are detailed. It is anticipated that MT imaging will be incorporated into many new trials in the near future. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:389,397. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The effects of multiple passes on the epidermal thermal damage pattern in nonablative fractional resurfacing,LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 2 2009Dieter Manstein MD Background and Objective Nonablative fractional resurfacing is a concept of cutaneous re-modeling whereby laser-induced microscopic treatment zones (MTZs) are surrounded by normal viable tissue. Such thermal damage pattern with a small diameter of individual lesions allows fast re-epithelialization with minimal side effects. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the fraction of thermal injury per unit surface area (fill factor) and lesion size in relation to pulse energy and number of passes. Methods Full thickness abdominal skin samples were exposed ex vivo to the Fraxel SR 750 laser (Reliant Technologies, Mountain View, CA). One set of exposures was performed for pulse energies in the range of 8 to 40 mJ for a single pass at 250 MTZ/cm2. A second set of exposures was performed at 10 mJ with number of passes from 1 to 30. The thermal damage pattern was assessed by incubation of epidermal sheets with NitroBlueTetrazoliumChloride (NBTC) stain. Size of individual MTZ and fill factor were determined by image analysis (ImageJ, NIH, Bethesda, MD) of digital micrographs. Results Width of the thermal injury zone was directly related to the pulse energy used. The fill factor did not have a uniform relationship with the number of passes. Due to the stochastic placement of individual MTZs, even for greater number of passes, some residual undamaged tissue was found. Due to formation of thermal damage clusters, defined as overlapping individual MTZs, the size of the resulting clustering lesions which we defined as microscopic treatment cluster (MTC) increased linearly as a function of the number of passes. Conclusion We have described the fill factor as it relates to the number of passes and have demonstrated that the average size of individual lesions depends on the number of passes. Clustering of MTZs lead to the development of MTC, the average size of which increased with the number of passes. The clinical implications of these findings are contingent on further studies. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:149,153, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cluster Analysis of Lesions in Nonselected Kidney Transplant Biopsies: Microcirculation Changes, Tubulointerstitial Inflammation and ScarringAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2010B. Sis Banff classification empirically established scoring of histologic lesions, but the relationships of lesions to each other and to underlying biologic processes remain unclear. We hypothesized that class discovery tools would reveal new relationships between individual lesions, and relate lesions to C4d staining, anti-HLA donor-specific antibody (DSA) and time posttransplant. We studied 234 nonselected renal allograft biopsies for clinical indications from 173 patients. Silhouette plotting and principal component analysis revealed three groups of lesions: microcirculation changes, including inflammation (glomerulitis, capillaritis) and deterioration (double contours, mesangial expansion); scarring/hyalinosis; and tubulointerstitial inflammation. DSA and C4d grouped with microcirculation inflammation, whereas time posttransplant grouped with scarring/hyalinosis lesions. Intimal arteritis clustered with DSA, C4d and microcirculation inflammation, but also showed correlations with tubulitis. Fibrous intimal thickening in arteries clustered with scarring/hyalinosis. Capillary basement membrane multilayering showed intermediary relationships between microcirculation deterioration and time-dependent scarring. Correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering confirmed the lesion relationships. Thus, we propose that the pathologic lesions in biopsies are not independent but are members of groups that represent distinct pathogenic forces: microcirculation changes, reflecting the stress of DSA; scarring, hyalinosis and arterial fibrosis, reflecting the cumulative burden of injury over time; and tubulointerstitial inflammation. Interpretation of lesions should reflect these associations. [source] Differential cytotoxicity of novel somatostatin and dopamine chimeric compounds on bronchopulmonary and small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor cell linesCANCER, Issue 4 2008Mark Kidd PhD Abstract BACKGROUND. Survival rates for gastrointestinal (GI) and bronchopulmonary (BP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have not significantly altered (overall 67%, 5-year survival) in 30 years (1973-2004), whereas the incidence has increased (, 1000%) in the same time frame. No effective or specific antineoplastic agent is available for treatment, although somatostatin analogs inhibit tumor secretion. Given the coexistence of somatostatin and dopamine regulatory receptors on NET cells, the antiproliferative efficacy as well as the signaling and transcriptional targets of their ligands were evaluated. METHODS. The cytotoxic effects of 12 somatostatin/dopamine compounds were evaluated in 3 NET cell lines, and real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay studies were performed to delineate antiproliferative signaling pathways. RESULTS. The atypical BP-NET, NCI-H720, was most sensitive to the sst5 analog BIM23206 (half-maximal concentration, 2.4 pM) and demonstrated similar sensitivity to lanreotide and the sst2 analog BIM23120. The typical BP-NET, NCI-H727, was most sensitive to BIM23120 (0.7 nM) and to the pan-somatostatin receptor analog (BIM23A779). The GI-NET, KRJ-I, was most sensitive to sst2,5 analogs lanreotide (1 nM) and BIM23244 (7.4 nM). Lanreotide activated extracellular signal regulated kinase-1/2 phosphorylation and p21WAF1/CIP1 transcription, but inhibited Ki-67 transcription. NCI-H720 was most sensitive to the sst2,5 - and D2 -selective compound BIM23A761 (4.2 nM), as was NCI-H727 (5.5 nM). KRJ-I did not respond to any chimeric analog. BIM23A761 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and caused inhibition of Ki-67 transcription. P21WAF1/CIP1 transcription was activated only in NCI-H727 cells. CONCLUSIONS. The different responses of each individual cell line suggested that NETs from different locations arising from different neuroendocrine cells may require cell-specific antiproliferative agents based on the unique receptor profile of individual lesions. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society. [source] Mouse Strain Susceptibility to Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Is Cell Autonomous Whereas Sex-susceptibility Is Due to the Micro-environment: Analysis with C3H , BALB/c Sexually Chimeric MiceCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 7 2000Tetsuya Tsukamoto In man, liver cancer is on the increase, especially in males. Sex differences also exist in rodent models. To elucidate the mechanisms, chimeric mice were produced by amalgamation of early embryos from high and low hepatocarcinogen-susceptible strains, C3H and BALB/c. Tumor formation was initiated with 10 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine at the ages of 7 and 14 days and mice were sacrificed at 30 and 45 weeks. The chimeras were classified into XY,XY, XY,XX, XX,XY, and XX,XX in terms of sex chromosomes by means of polymerase chain reaction-simple sequence length polymorphism analysis (SSLP) using Y chromosome-specific Sry primers in combination with the D3Mit21 marker. Liver lesions were analyzed histopathologically, by immunostaining using a C3H strain-specific antibody and by DNA in situ hybridization with the Y chromosomespecific digoxigenin-labeled Y353/B probe. Sex and strain genotyping by SSLP analysis matched histological observations, confirming the reliability of our system. The strain differences in liver tumor numbers of each strain type in XY,XY and XX,XX subtypes of C3H,BALB/c chimeras were retained well (P< 0.0001 and P< 0.001, respectively), indicating a minimum influence of the C3H or BALB/c surrounding milieu on development of individual lesions. On the other hand, significant promotion of XX cell tumors was evident in phenotypically male sexually chimeric XY,XX and XX,XY chimeras for both C3H (P< 0.02) and BALB/c (P< 0.01) lesions compared to the XX,XX case. The results suggest the presence of hormonal or micro-environmental factors specific for males, which are not caused cell-autonomously. Basic strain differences, however, are determined by intrinsic genetic factors rather than the strain-dependent micro-environment [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||