Home  About us  Contact
 

India Institute (india + institute)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Kinds of India Institute

  • all india institute
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Geographical difference in antimicrobial resistance pattern of Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates from Indian patients: Multicentric study

    JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2003
    SP THYAGARAJAN
    Abstract Aim:, To assess the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolates from peptic ulcer disease patients of Chandigarh, Delhi, Lucknow, Hyderabad and Chennai in India, and to recommend an updated anti- H. pylori treatment regimen to be used in these areas. Methods:, Two hundred and fifty-nine H. pylori isolates from patients with peptic ulcer disease reporting for clinical management to the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow; Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Allied Hospitals, Hyderabad; and hospitals in Chennai in collaboration with the Dr ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences were analyzed for their levels of antibiotic susceptibility to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The Epsilometer test (E-test), a quantitative disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing method, was adopted in all the centers. The pattern of single and multiple resistance at the respective centers and at the national level were analyzed. Results:, Overall H. pylori resistance rate was 77.9% to metronidazole, 44.7% to clarithromycin and 32.8% to amoxycillin. Multiple resistance was seen in 112/259 isolates (43.2%) and these were two/three and four drug resistance pattern to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin observed (13.2, 32 and 2.56%, respectively). Metronidazole resistance was high in Lucknow, Chennai and Hyderabad (68, 88.2 and 100%, respectively) and moderate in Delhi (37.5%) and Chandigarh (38.2%). Ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance was the least, ranging from 1.0 to 4%. Conclusion:, In the Indian population, the prevalence of resistance of H. pylori is very high to metronidazole, moderate to clarithromycin and amoxycillin and low to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The rate of resistance was higher in southern India than in northern India. The E-test emerges as a reliable quantitative antibiotic susceptibility test. A change in antibiotic policy to provide scope for rotation of antibiotics in the treatment of H. pylori in India is a public health emergency. [source]

    Observations on the presence of E domain variants of estrogen receptor-, in the breast tumors

    JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
    Vijay L. Kumar PhD
    Abstract Background and Objectives Estrogen receptor-, (ER-,) that exists as multiple splice variants, has been widely used as a prognostic marker in the management of breast cancer. Here we have analyzed the hormone binding E domain splice variants of ER-, in the breast tumors with reference to the immunoreactive receptor. Methods Thirty breast cancer patients undergoing surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, were analyzed for the splice variants of E domain by RT-PCR. The ER level was determined by ELISA and the samples were considered positive if the receptor levels were ,,15 fmol/mg protein. Results Our results show that exon 4 and 5 deletions were prevalent in both ER-positive and ER-negative categories. While most ER-positive cases expressed wild-type (wt) exon 6,+,7, nearly 40% of ER-negative cases showed deletion of exon 6,+,7. Therefore, deletion of exon 6,+,7 or masking of epitopes could lead to underestimation of ER by ELISA. All the metastasis and recurrence cases had undetectable levels of ER. A significant number of node-positive cases expressed immunoreactive ER and wt exon 6,+,7 (r,=,0.509, P,<,0.37). Conclusions Estimation of ER levels combined with composite analysis of ER variants may be a better prognostic marker for breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:332,337. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc [source]

    Effect of needle insertion site on ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block in children

    ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2006
    P. Kundra
    Background:, Three different sites of needle insertion have been proposed for ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (ILIH) nerve block. This double-blind study was designed to assess the quality of analgesia produced from these different sites. Methods:, One hundred and thirty-two children of ASA grade I and II were randomly allocated into four groups to receive no nerve block (control group, n = 30) or ILIH block at 1 cm inferio-medial to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) in group IM (n = 34), 1,2 cm medial to the ASIS in group M (n = 34) and 2 cm superio-medial to the ASIS in group SM (n = 34) with 0.25 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine after induction of anaesthesia. Pain was assessed using the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) pain discomfort scale (APDS) score. The amount and pattern of fentanyl consumed over the ensuing 24-h period was noted. Results:, APDS score and fentanyl requirement were similar in all the study groups but significantly higher until 8 h after surgery in the control group, P < 0.05. Twenty-two out of 102 children in the study groups and all patients in the control group received additional fentanyl during the post-operative period. Only 6 out of 22 children required additional fentanyl supplementation beyond the 30-min interval. Overall failure rate of ILIH nerve block was 6%. Conclusion:, ILIH block can be successfully accomplished from any point if the needle bevel lies between the two muscle planes above and below the internal oblique. [source]

    Prognostic value of bone marrow angiogenesis in multiple myeloma: Use of light microscopy as well as computerized image analyzer in the assessment of microvessel density and total vascular area in multiple myeloma and its correlation with various clinical, histological, and laboratory parameters

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2006
    Sahibinder Singh Bhatti
    Abstract We studied the prognostic value of parameters of angiogenesis on bone marrow biopsies in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Angiogenesis parameters studied were the microvessel count done manually on light microscopy (MVD-A), microvessel count done by using computerized image analyzer (MVD-B), and total vascular area (TVA) measured by computerized image analyzer. One hundred ten newly diagnosed cases of MM treated at Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, were analyzed with respect to clinical features, laboratory findings, histological features, angiogenesis parameters, and responses to the treatment on follow-up. Twenty age- and sex-matched controls were studied for comparing with angiogenesis of the test cases. Bone marrow microvessels were examined using immunohistochemical staining for CD34. MVD-A (range 4.9,85.2; mean 28.2; SD 19.4), MVD-B (range 2.0,26.9; mean 11.7; SD 5.9), and TVA measured in percentage (range 0.1,17.1; mean 2.4; SD 2.5) were measured for test cases (n = 110). Grading of angiogenesis parameters of the test cases were done; such that angiogenesis parameters of controls (taken as baseline) were grade I. There was a statistically highly significant correlation between (MVD-A vs MVD-B, pcc = 0.92; MVD-A vs TVA, pcc = 0.78; MVD-B vs TVA, pcc = 0.76). The myeloma cases had significantly higher angiogenesis parameters when compared with controls (Kruskall-Wallis test, P < 0.001). "Complete responders" (n = 38/110) had significant lower angiogenesis (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001) than "nonresponders" (n = 72/110). On treatment follow-up "rapid disease progressors" had the highest levels of angiogenesis (mean rank for MVD-A = 84.7, MVD-B = 82.1, and TVA = 81.1). On multivariate (logistic regression) analysis, factors found to have independent prognostic significance in complete responders (adjusted odd ratio (95% CI, P value)] were: (a) MVD-B grade I [0.134 (0.10,0.16, P < 0.001)], (b) clinical substage A [0.163 (0.12,0.19, P = 0.008)], (c) Bartl's histological stage II & I [0.262 (0.2,0.32, P = 0.021)], (d) MVD-A grade I [0.28 (0.22,0.36, P = 0.03)], (e) ,2 microglobulin levels less than 3,400 ng/dl [0.31 (0.23,0.42, P = 0.04)]. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for myeloma-related death (n = 16) shows a mean survival time (in months) of 24.75; SE = 3; 95% CI = 21,28. We conclude that MVD (particularly MVD-B) is a very good predictor for the complete response in patients of MM and should be done routinely on bone marrow biopsies. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]