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Index Futures (index + future)
Kinds of Index Futures Terms modified by Index Futures Selected AbstractsINFORMATION AND NOISE IN FINANCIAL MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM THE E-MINI INDEX FUTURESTHE JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008Alexander Kurov Abstract I examine the informational contributions and effects on transitory volatility of trades initiated by different types of traders in three actively traded index futures markets. The results show that trades initiated by exchange member firms account for more than 60% of price discovery during the trading day. These institutional trades appear to be more informative than trades of individual exchange members or off-exchange traders. I also find that off-exchange traders introduce more noise into the prices than do exchange members. My findings provide new evidence on the role of different types of traders in the price formation process. [source] Information content of extended trading for index futuresTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 9 2004Louis T. W. Cheng The recent extension of trading hours for Hang Seng Index Futures provides an opportunity to examine whether extended futures trading contains useful information about spot returns. Using the weighted price contribution measure, we find that pre-open futures trades are associated with significant price discovery. We extend the model from T. Hiraki, E. D. Maberly, and N. Takezawa (1995) and adjust for the existence of a pre-open trading session and the overnight trading of cross-listed shares in London. Our results indicate that extended trading for index futures contains useful information in explaining subsequent spot returns during the trading day. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:861,886, 2004 [source] Do small traders contribute to price discovery?THE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 2 2010Evidence from the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index markets Using one-contract-size trades in the Mini Hang Seng Index futures to proxy the activities of small traders, this study empirically investigates the information contribution of small futures traders to price discovery on the Hang Seng Index (HSI) markets. Estimated with the models of Gonzalo, J., and Granger, C. W. J. (1995) and Hasbrouck, J. (1995), the results show that small traders contribute about 16.8% to price discovery, a disproportionately high share considering their relatively low trading volume. The results also indicate that the Hang Seng Index futures (HSIF) market still has the largest information share (about 71.0%), whereas the HSI spot market has a 12.2% share. Our results suggest that small traders are not uninformed in the HSIF markets, and play an important role in price discovery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:156,174, 2010 [source] How electronic trading affects bid-ask spreads and arbitrage efficiency between index futures and optionsTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 4 2005Kevin H. K. Cheng This paper examines the impact of switching to electronic trading on the relative pricing efficiency of Hang Sang Index futures and options contracts traded on the Hong Kong exchange. The study is motivated by the recent shift in 2000 from the pit to an electronic trading platform. Electronic trading leads to lower bid-ask spreads and less price clustering than floor trading in both the options and futures markets. Mispricing between futures and options drops significantly after the change. Quicker correction of mispricing indicates a significant improvement in dynamic inter-market arbitrage efficiency with electronic trading. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:375,398, 2005 [source] Price discovery in the hang seng index markets: Index, futures, and the tracker fundTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 9 2004Raymond W. So In this paper, price discovery among the Hang Seng Index markets is investigated using the Hasbrouck and Gonzalo and Granger common-factor models and the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (M-GARCH) model. Minute-by-minute data from the Hang Seng Index, Hang Seng Index futures, and the tracker fund show that the movements of the three markets are interrelated. The futures markets contain the most information, followed by the spot market. The tracker fund does not contribute to the price discovery process. The three markets exhibit spillover effects, indicating that their second moments are linked, even though the flow of information from the tracker fund to the other markets is minimal. Overall results suggest that the three markets have different degrees of information processing abilities, although they are governed by the same set of macroeconomic fundamentals. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:887,907, 2004 [source] Discretionary government intervention and the mispricing of index futuresTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 12 2003Paul Draper This article examines how and to what extent direct market intervention by the Hong Kong government in both the stock and futures markets affected the pricing relationship between the Hang Seng Index futures and the cash index during the period of the Asian financial crisis. The study avoids infrequent trading and nonexecution problems by using tradeable bid and offer quotes for the constituent stocks of the index. The results show that arbitrage efficiency was impeded during, and in the immediate aftermath of, the intervention. The findings suggest that discretionary government action introduces an additional risk factor for arbitrageurs that continues to disrupt normal market processes even after the government ceases to intervene. The continued disruption following the government's actions in the market also stems from a poorly developed stock loan market that impedes short selling, as well as a lack of liquidity in the market. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1159,1189, 2003 [source] Smiles, Bid-ask Spreads and Option PricingEUROPEAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2001Ignacio Peña Given the evidence provided by Longstaff (1995), and Peña, Rubio and Serna (1999) a serious candidate to explain the pronounced pattern of volatility estimates across exercise prices might be related to liquidity costs. Using all calls and puts transacted between 16:00 and 16:45 on the Spanish IBEX-35 index futures from January 1994 to October 1998 we extend previous papers to study the influence of liquidity costs, as proxied by the relative bid-ask spread, on the pricing of options. Surprisingly, alternative parametric option pricing models incorporating the bid-ask spread seem to perform poorly relative to Black-Scholes. [source] Ex Ante Hedging Effectiveness of UK Stock Index Futures Contracts: Evidence for the FTSE 100 and FTSE Mid 250 ContractsEUROPEAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2000Darren Butterworth Ex ante hedging effectiveness of the FTSE 100 and FTSE Mid 250 index futures contracts is examined for a range of portfolios, consisting of stock market indexes and professionally managed portfolios (investment trust companies). Previous studies which focused on ex post hedging performance using spot portfolios that mirror market indexes are shown to overstate the risk reduction potential of index futures. Although ex ante hedge ratios are found to be characterised by intertemporal instability, ex ante hedging performance of direct hedges and cross hedges approaches that of the ex post benchmark when hedge ratios are estimated using a sufficient window size. [source] Stock Index Futures Prices and the Asian Financial Crisis,INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF FINANCE, Issue 3-4 2007TAUFIQ HASSAN ABSTRACT This study reports new findings on the behavior of index futures (FKLI: code name of Kuala Lumpur Index Futures contract) prices and also records the effect of a major financial crisis on the prices. Since the inception of trading in 1995, the FKLI has been selling at a discount, which gradually increased till early 1997; further, at the onset of the financial crisis in July 1997, FKLI prices were at a high premium relative to its theoretical values. This significant mispricing of the contract declined after the initial overreaction to the crisis. Herding behavior during crisis, liquidity constraint and imposition of trading restrictions are some plausible explanations for the mispricing. This study also investigates whether trades by foreign investors had any impact when compared with prices by domestic investors. We find that foreign investors had a negative influence on permanent price changes while the domestic investors had a positive effect. [source] How is Futures Trading Affected by the Move to a Computerized Trading System?JOURNAL OF BUSINESS FINANCE & ACCOUNTING, Issue 7-8 2006Lessons from the LIFFE FTSE 100 Contract Abstract:, We consider the impact of the May 1999 move to screen trading of the LIFFE FTSE 100 index futures contract. This resulted in a narrowing of the effective spread. Spread determinants are broadly similar in the two regimes. The narrowing of the spread appears due to increased competition among traders and a decline in tick-level volatility rather than to the way these or other variables affect the spread. Market depth appears largely unaffected. Under screen trading, realized spreads widen as more limit orders are taken up rather than in relation to order size per se. [source] Measuring Pricing Inefficiencies Under Stressful Market ConditionsJOURNAL OF BUSINESS FINANCE & ACCOUNTING, Issue 3-4 2003Louis Cheng This study examines the mispricing and time between arbitrage trades of the Hong Kong Hang Seng index futures and index options contracts under various stressed market conditions. Ex-ante trading profits and differences in time between trades across up and down as well as stressed and non-stressed markets are used to measure how well the derivative markets perform under emotional distress. We find evidence of illiquidity in stressed and down markets. In stressful markets and down markets, liquidity suppliers are less likely to trade against the informed traders. This, in turn, leads to longer time between trades and higher arbitrage profits. [source] The predictive value of temporally disaggregated volatility: evidence from index futures marketsJOURNAL OF FORECASTING, Issue 8 2008Nicholas Taylor Abstract This paper examines the benefits to forecasters of decomposing close-to-close return volatility into close-to-open (nighttime) and open-to-close (daytime) return volatility. Specifically, we consider whether close-to-close volatility forecasts based on the former type of (temporally aggregated) data are less accurate than corresponding forecasts based on the latter (temporally disaggregated) data. Results obtained from seven different US index futures markets reveal that significant increases in forecast accuracy are possible when using temporally disaggregated volatility data. This result is primarily driven by the fact that forecasts based on such data can be updated as more information becomes available (e.g., information flow from the preceding close-to-open/nighttime trading session). Finally, we demonstrate that the main findings of this paper are robust to the index futures market considered, the way in which return volatility is constructed, and the method used to assess forecast accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The disposition effect and investment performance in the futures marketTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 6 2009Hyuk Choe This study examines whether the disposition effect (DE), i.e., the tendency of investors to ride losses and realize gains, exists in the Korean stock index futures market. Using a unique database, we find strong evidence for the DE and explain this in terms of investor characteristics. We also investigate the effect that the disposition bias has on investment performance. There are four main findings. First, individual investors are much more susceptible to the DE than institutional and foreign investors. Second, sophistication and trading experience tend to reduce the DE. Third, the DE is stronger in long positions than in short positions. Finally, there is a negative relationship between the DE and investment performance. This result is consistent with Odean (1998, Journal of Finance, 53, 1775,1798), but contrasts with Locke and Mann (2005, Journal of Financial Economics, 76, 401,444) who find no evidence of any contemporaneous measurable costs associated with the DE. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:496,522, 2009 [source] Expiration-day effects,An Asian twistTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 5 2009Joseph K. W. Fung This study examines the intraday trading activities of index stocks on the common expiration day of index derivatives. In Hong Kong, index futures and index options use an Asian-style settlement procedure. All contracts are settled against the estimated average settlement price, an arithmetic average of the underlying cash index taken every five minutes on the expiration day. Trading volume and total trade count on the expiration day are both found to be higher than normal. Most important, trading intensifies in terms of volume and frequency close to the five-minute time marks. The study does not find significant price reversal and price compression patterns. Although significant order imbalance pattern is found on some expiration days, the results show no association between order imbalance pattern and the next-day return. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:430,450, 2009 [source] Decimalization, ETFs and futures pricing efficiencyTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 2 2009Wei-Peng Chen This study investigates the impact of decimalization (penny pricing) on the arbitrage relationship between index exchange-traded funds and E-mini index futures. The empirical results reveal that subsequent to penny pricing, there is a significant fall in the mean ex ante arbitrage profit, especially in the cases with higher transaction costs. Using the ordinary least squares and quantile regressions to control for the influences of changes in other market characteristics, it is found that the overall pricing efficiency has deteriorated in the post-decimalization period. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, due to the lowered market depth and increased execution risks, the introduction of decimalization has in general resulted in weakening the ability and the willingness of arbitrageurs to initiate arbitrage trades, which subsequently leads to a reduction in the general efficiency of the cash/futures pricing system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:157,178, 2009 [source] Tick sizes and relative rates of price discovery in stock, futures, and options markets: Evidence from the Taiwan stock exchangeTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 1 2009Yu-Lun Chen This study examines the competition in price discovery among stock index, index futures, and index options in Taiwan. The price-discovery ability of the Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund, an exchange-traded fund based on the Taiwan 50 index is examined. The authors find that, after the minimum tick size in the stock market decreases, the bid,ask spreads of the component stocks of the stock index and the Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund get lower, and the contribution of the spot market to price discovery increases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:74,93, 2009 [source] Informed trading in the index option market: The case of KOSPI 200 optionsTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 12 2008Hee-Joon Ahn This study examines if informed trading is present in the index option market by analyzing the KOSPI 200 options, the most actively traded derivative product in the world. The spread decomposition model developed by Madhavan, Richardson, and Roomans (1997) is utilized and the adverse-selection cost component of the spread estimated by the model is then used as a proxy for the degree of informed trading. We find that adverse-selection costs constitute a nontrivial portion of the transaction costs in index options trading. Approximately one-third of the spread can be accounted for by information asymmetry costs. A further analysis indicates that adverse-selection costs are positively related with option delta. Our regression analysis shows that option-related variables are significantly associated with estimated information asymmetry costs, even when controlling for proxies for informed trading in the index futures market. Finally, we find the evidence that foreign investors are better informed compared to domestic investors and that domestic institutions have an edge in terms of information over domestic individuals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:1118,1146, 2008 [source] The economic value of volatility transmission between the stock and bond marketsTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 11 2008Helena Chuliá This study has two main objectives. Firstly, volatility transmission between stocks and bonds in European markets is studied using the two most important financial assets in these fields: the DJ Euro Stoxx 50 index futures contract and the Euro Bund futures contract. Secondly, a trading rule for the major European futures contracts is designed. This rule can be applied to different markets and assets to analyze the economic significance of volatility spillovers observed between them. The results indicate that volatility spillovers take place in both directions and that the stock-bond trading rule offers very profitable returns after transaction costs. These results have important implications for portfolio management and asset allocation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:1066,1094, 2008 [source] Price discovery in the options markets: An application of put-call parityTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 4 2008Wen-Liang G. Hsieh This study investigates the relative rate of price discovery in Taiwan between index futures and index options, proposing a put-call parity (PCP) approach to recover the spot index embedded in the options premiums. The PCP approach offers the benefits of reducing model risk and alleviating the burden of volatility estimation. Consistent with the trading-cost hypothesis, a dominant tendency is found for futures and a subordinate but non-trivial price discovery from options. The relative weight of options price discovery is sensitive to the methodology employed as the means of inferring the option-implicit spot price. The empirical evidence suggests that the information contained in the PCP-implied spot encompasses that provided by the Black-Scholes-implied spot. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:354, 375, 2008 [source] Order imbalance and the dynamics of index and futures pricesTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 12 2007Joseph K.W. Fung This study uses transaction records of index futures and index stocks, with bid/ask price quotes, to examine the impact of stock market order imbalance on the dynamic behavior of index futures and cash index prices. Spurious correlation in the index is purged by using an estimate of the "true" index with highly synchronous and active quotes of individual stocks. A smooth transition autoregressive error correction model is used to describe the nonlinear dynamics of the index and futures prices. Order imbalance in the cash stock market is found to affect significantly the error correction dynamics of index and futures prices. Order imbalance impedes error correction particularly when the market impact of order imbalance works against the error correction force of the cash index, explaining why real potential arbitrage opportunities may persist over time. Incorporating order imbalance in the framework significantly improves its explanatory power. The findings indicate that a stock market microstructure that allows a quick resolution of order imbalance promotes dynamic arbitrage efficiency between futures and underlying stocks. The results also suggest that the unloading of cash stocks by portfolio managers in a falling market situation aggravates the price decline and increases the real cost of hedging with futures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:1129,1157, 2007 [source] Order imbalance and the pricing of index futuresTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 7 2007Joseph K.W. Fung This study examines whether the aggregate order imbalance for index stocks can explain the arbitrage spread between index futures and the underlying cash index. The study covers the period of the Asian financial crisis and includes wide variations in order imbalance and the indexfutures basis. The analysis controls for realistic trading costs and actual dividend payments. The results indicate that the arbitrage spread is positively related to the aggregate order imbalance in the underlying index stocks; negative order-imbalance has a stronger impact than positive order imbalance. Violations of the upper no-arbitrage bound are related to positive order imbalance; of the lower no-arbitrage bound to negative order imbalance. Asymmetric response times to negative and positive spreads can be attributed to the difficulty, cost, and risk of short stock arbitrage when the futures are below their no-arbitrage value. The significant relationship between order imbalance and arbitrage spread confirms that index arbitrageurs are important providers of liquidity in the futures market when the stock market is in disequilibrium. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:697,717, 2007 [source] The information content of option implied volatility surrounding the 1997 Hong Kong stock market crashTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 6 2007Joseph K. W. Fung This study examines the information conveyed by options and examines their implied volatility at the time of the 1997 Hong Kong stock market crash. The author determines the efficiency of implied volatility as a predictor of future volatility by comparing it to other leading indicator candidates. These include volume and open interest of index options and futures, as well as the arbitrage basis of index futures. Using monthly, nonoverlapping data, the study reveals that implied volatility is superior to those variables in forecasting future realized volatility. The study also demonstrates that a simple signal extraction model could have produced useful warning signals prior to periods of extreme volatility. These results indicate that the options market is highly efficient informationally. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:555,574, 2007 [source] A simplified approach to modeling the co-movement of asset returnsTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 6 2007Richard D. F. Harris The authors propose a simplified multivariate GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) model (the S-GARCH model), which involves the estimation of only univariate GARCH models, both for the individual return series and for the sum and difference of each pair of series. The covariance between each pair of return series is then imputed from these variance estimates. The proposed model is considerably easier to estimate than existing multivariate GARCH models and does not suffer from the convergence problems that characterize many of these models. Moreover, the model can be easily extended to include more complex dynamics or alternative forms of the GARCH specification. The S-GARCH model is used to estimate the minimum-variance hedge ratio for the FTSE (Financial Times and the London Stock Exchange) 100 Index portfolio, hedged using index futures, and compared to four of the most widely used multivariate GARCH models. Using both statistical and economic evaluation criteria, it was found that the S-GARCH model performs at least as well as the other models that were considered, and in some cases it was better. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:575,598, 2007 [source] Back to the future: Futures margins in a future credit default swap index futures marketTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 1 2007Hans N. E. Byström The introduction of exchange-traded credit default swap (CDS) index futures is eminent and this development in the credit market is the subject of this article. A theoretically appealing and practically implementable approach to computing accurate futures margins based on extreme value theory is suggested. The approach is then exemplified with a study of the increasingly popular iTraxx Europe CDS index market. Although this market is not organized through an exchange and is not a futures market, the empirical results together with an arbitrage argument nonetheless suggest margin levels in a future exchange-traded CDS index futures market computed using extreme value theory to be superior to those computed using the traditional normal distribution or the actual historical distribution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:85,104, 2007 [source] Transaction tax and market quality of the Taiwan stock index futuresTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 12 2006Robin K. Chou On May 1, 2000, the Taiwan government reduced the tax levied on futures transactions on the Taiwan Futures Exchange from 5 to 2.5 basis points. This event provides a unique opportunity to test empirically the impact of a tax rate reduction on trading volume, bid-ask spreads, and price volatility. Intraday and daily time series data from May 1, 1999, through April 30, 2001, are tested in a three-equation structural model. Findings show that transaction taxes have a negative impact on trading volume and bid-ask spreads, as trading volume increased and bid-ask spreads decreased in the period following the reduction in the transaction tax. This study's analysis is not consistent with the argument that the imposition of a transaction tax may reduce price volatility because there are no significant changes in price volatility after the tax reduction. Further, it was found that although the reduction in the transaction tax did reduce tax revenues, the proportional decrease in tax revenues is less than the 50% reduction in the tax rate. Finally, tax revenues in the second and third year after the tax reduction increased, as compared to the year before the tax reduction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:1195,1216, 2006 [source] New evidence on expiration-day effects using realized volatility: An intraday analysis for the Spanish stock exchangeTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 9 2006M. Illueca Additional evidence is provided on expiration effects in the Ibex 35 stock index futures market using realized volatility as proposed by T. G. Andersen, T. Bollerslev, F. X. Diebold, and P. Labys (2003). Findings reveal not only a significant increase in spot trading activity, but also the existence of a significant jump in spot volatility at index futures expiration. Moreover, the importance of the data frequency considered is analyzed. Our research reveals that the use of GARCH methodology from daily data does not have the ability to statistically assess such expiration-day effect. Additional empirical evidence is provided for the S&P 500 stock index futures market. Neither unconditional nor conditional realized volatility has a significant increase at expiration for the U.S. market, suggesting that this effect is specific for the Spanish market, at least for the period analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:923,938, 2006 [source] Price clustering in E-mini and floor-traded index futuresTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 3 2006Huimin Chung This article sets out to investigate price clustering in both the open-outcry (floor-traded) and electronically traded (E-mini) index futures markets of the DJIA, S&P 500, and NASDAQ-100 indices. The results show that although price clustering is ubiquitous in both the floor-traded and E-mini index futures markets, it nevertheless tends to be higher for open-outcry index futures, with the clustering in floor-traded NASDAQ-100 index futures demonstrating the highest level (97%) at zero digits. A significant increase was also found in price clustering in floor-traded index futures after the introduction of E-mini futures trading. The results tend to suggest that those trading mechanisms that involve higher levels of human participation, such as the open-outcry markets, may well lead to increased incidences of price clustering. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26: 269,295, 2006 [source] Dynamics of intraday serial correlation in the Italian futures marketTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 1 2006Simone Bianco The serial correlation of high-frequency intraday returns on the Italian stock index futures (FIB30) in the period 2000,2002 is studied. It is found that intraday autocorrelation is mostly negative for time scales lower than 20 minutes, mainly due to the bid,ask bounce effect. Although this supports the efficiency of the Italian futures market, evidence that intraday serial correlation becomes positive in high-volatility regimes is also provided. Moreover, it is found that it is mainly unexpected volatility that makes serial correlation rise, and not its predictable part. The results are supportive of the K. Chan (1993) model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:61,84, 2006 [source] Structurally sound dynamic index futures hedgingTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 12 2005Paul Kofman Portfolio managers use index futures for a variety of reasons. Regardless of their motivation, they will keep a close eye on the relation between the index futures returns and their stock-portfolio returns. Whenever this relation is perceived to have changed, the manager will decide whether it is worthwhile to rebalance the index futures,portfolio mix accordingly. Exact measures as to when and how much rebalancing should occur have not yet been established. This article proposes a dynamic hedging algorithm based on a reverse order CUSUM-squared (ROC) testing procedure, first discussed in M. H. Pesaran and A. Timmermann (2002). A comparison with standard alternatives (naïve, expanding, EWLS, and rolling estimation windows) finds limited improvements in hedging performance, both in- and out-of-sample. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:1173,1202, 2005 [source] Information transmission in electronic versus open-outcry trading systems: An analysis of U.S. equity index futures marketsTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 7 2005Aysegul Ates In this article the intraday price discovery process between regular index futures (floor trading) and E-mini index futures (electronic trading) in the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 index futures markets is examined, using intraday data from the introduction of the E-mini index futures to 2001. Using both information shares (Hasbrouck, J., 1995) and common long-memory factor weights (Gonzalo, J., & Granger, C. W. J., 1995) techniques, we find that both E-mini index futures and regular index futures contribute to the price discovery process. However, since September 1998, the contribution made by E-mini index futures has been greater than that provided by regular index futures. Based on regression analysis, we have also found direct empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that the joint effects of operational efficiency and relative liquidity determine the greater contribution made towards price discovery by electronic trading relative to open-outcry trading over time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25: 679,715, 2005 [source] | ||||||||||