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Increasing Acceptance (increasing + acceptance)

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Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Bilateral vocal fold paresis after endoscopic stapling diverticulotomy for zenker's diverticulum

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 3 2004
Marc Thorne MD
Abstract Background. Zenker's diverticulum may be treated with a variety of surgical techniques. Endoscopic methods, specifically endoscopic stapling diverticulotomy, have gained increasing acceptance because of shorter operative times, decreased morbidity, with shorter hospital stays and time to resumption of oral feedings. Methods and Results. We report the occurrence of bilateral vocal fold paresis after endoscopic stapling diverticulotomy for Zenker's diverticulum, previously unreported in the literature. This complication likely resulted from traction on the recurrent laryngeal nerves secondary to unfavorable patient anatomy. Conclusions. Endoscopic stapling diverticulotomy is a safe and effective treatment method for Zenker's diverticulum and remains our procedure of choice for most patients. However, inability to safely expose the diverticulum endoscopically results in a significant abandonment rate for attempted procedures and may result in significant postoperative complications.© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck26: 294,297, 2004 [source]

Adjusted Scaling of FDG Positron Emission Tomography Images for Statistical Evaluation in Patients With Suspected Alzheimer's Disease

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2005
Ralph Buchert PhD
ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) gained increasing acceptance for the voxel-based statistical evaluation of brain positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose analog 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) in patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD). To increase the sensitivity for detection of local changes, individual differences of total brain FDG uptake are usually compensated for by proportional scaling. However, in cases of extensive hypometabolic areas, proportional scaling overestimates scaled uptake. This may cause significant underestimation of the extent of hypometabolic areas by the statistical test. Methods. To detect this problem, the authors tested for hyper metabolism. In patients with no visual evidence of true focal hypermetabolism, significant clusters of hypermetabolism in the presence of extended hypometabolism were interpreted as false-positive findings, indicating relevant overestimation of scaled uptake. In this case, scaled uptake was reduced step by step until there were no more significant clusters of hypermetabolism. Results. In 22 consecutive patients with suspected AD, proportional scaling resulted in relevant overestimation of scaled uptake in 9 patients. Scaled uptake had to be reduced by 11.1%± 5.3% in these cases to eliminate the artifacts. Adjusted scaling resulted in extension of existing and appearance of new clusters of hypometabolism. Total volume of the additional voxels with significant hypometabolism depended linearly on the extent of the additional scaling and was 202 ± 118 mL on average. Conclusions. Adjusted scaling helps to identify characteristic metabolic patterns in patients with suspected AD. It is expected to increase specificity of FDGPET in this group of patients. [source]

Archetypes as action patterns,

THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
George B. Hogenson
Abstract:, The discovery of mirror neurons by researchers at the University of Parma promises to radically alter our understanding of fundamental cognitive and affective states. This paper explores the relationship of mirror neurons to Jung's theory of archetypes and proposes that archetypes may be viewed as elementary action patterns. The paper begins with a review of a proposed interpretation of the fainting spells of S. Freud in his relationship with Jung as an example of an action pattern that also defines an archetypal image. The challenge that mirror neurons present to traditional views in analytical psychology and psychoanalysis, however, is that they operate without recourse to a cognitive processing element. This is a position that is gaining increasing acceptance in other fields as well. The paper therefore reviews the most recent claims made by the Boston Process of Change Study Group as well as conclusions drawn from dynamic systems views of development and theoretical robotics to underline the conclusion that unconscious agency is not a requirement for coherent action. It concludes with the suggestion that this entire body of research may lead to the conclusion that the dynamic unconscious is an unnecessary hypothesis in psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. Translations of Abstract La découverte de neurones miroirs par des chercheurs de l'université de Parme promet une altération radicale de notre compréhension des états cognitifs et affectifs fondamentaux. Cet article analyse le rapport entre les neurones miroirs et la théorie des archétypes de Jung. Il pose l'éventualité que les archétypes puissent être envisagés comme des «patterns»élémentaires d'action. Il part d'une interprétation des évanouissements de Freud aux temps de sa relation avec Jung, comme exemple de «pattern» d'action définissant également une image archétypique. Le défi posé par les neurones miroirs aux conceptions traditionnelles de la psychologie analytique et de la psychanalyse, réside dans une modalité de fonctionnement qui exclut le recours aux processus cognitifs. Une telle conception est de plus en plus répandue et ce, dans des champs divers. L'article passe en revue les dernières avancées du Boston Process of Change Study Group, de même que les conclusions des théories dynamiques du développement et de la robotique théorique, pour appuyer l'idée que les agents inconscients ne sont pas la condition absolue d'une action cohérente. L'article s'achève en évoquant la probabilité que l'ensemble de ces recherches ne parviennent à la conclusion que l'inconscient dynamique constitue une hypothèse superflue en psychanalyse et en psychologie analytique. Die Entdeckung der Spiegelneuronen durch Forscher an der Universität von Parma verspricht eine radikale Änderung unseres Verständnisses von Kognitiven und affektiven Zuständen. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Spiegelneuronen und Jungs Theorie der Archetypen und kommt zu dem Vorschlag, daß Archetypen als elementare Verhaltensmuster zu betrachten seien. Begonnen wird mit einer Rückschau auf eine angenommene Interpretation der Ohnmachtsanfälle S. Freuds im Kontakt mit Jung als eines Beispiels für ein Verhaltensmuster, das gleichzeitig ein archetypisches Bild definiert. Die Herausforderung aber, die Entdeckung der Spiegelneuronen für die traditionellen Sichtweisen der Analytischen Psychologie und Psychoanalyse darstellt besteht darin, daß sie ohne Rückgriff auf kognitive Prozeßelemente funktionieren. Dies ist eine Position, die auch auf anderen Gebieten zunehmend an Akzeptanz gewinnt. Der Aufsatz resümiert deswegen die neuesten diesbezüglichen Theorien, die von der Bostoner Forschungsgruppe ,Prozeß des Wandels' aufgestellt wurden sowie die Schlüsse, die aus der Untersuchung von dynamischen Systemen, aus Erkenntnissen der praktischen und theoretischen Roboterentwicklung gewonnen wurden um die Folgerung zu stützen, daß die Existenz einer Ebene des Unbewußten zur Ausführung kohärenter Aktionen nicht erforderlich ist. Der Text schließt mit der Annahme, daß der gesamte Fundus dieser Forschung zu der Folgerung führen könnte, daß das dynamische Unbewußte eine unnötige Hypothese der Psychoanalyse und der Analytischen Psychologie sei. La scoperta dei neuroni specchio fatta dai ricercatori dell'Università di Parma ci permette di cambiare radicalmente il nostro modo di intendere gli stati fondamentali cognitivi e affettivi. In questo lavoro viene presa in esame la relazione tra i neuroni specchio e la teoria degli archetipi e si propone di considerare gli archetipi come schemi di azione elementari. Si inizia riesaminando una interpretazione degli svenimenti di Freud nella sua relazione con Jung considerandola come un esempio di uno schema di azione che definisce anche un'immagine archetipica. La sfida che i neuroni specchio presentano al punto di vista tradizionale della psicologia analitica e della psicoanalisi è che essi operano senza ricorrere a un elemento procedurale cognitivo. Tale posizione viene sempre più accettata anche in altri campi. In questo scritto si analizzano poi sia le più recenti affermazioni fatte dal Boston Process of Change Study Group sia le conclusioni raggiunte dal punto di vista dei sistemi dinamici di sviluppo e dalla teoria robotica per giungere alla conclusione che l'agentività dell'inconscio non è un requisito necessario per un'azione coerente. Il lavoro si conclude con la considerazione che questo intero corpo di ricerca può condurre alla conclusione che un inconscio dinamico non rappresenta un'ipotesi necessaria né nella psicoanalisi né nella psicologia analitica. El descubrimiento de las neuronas de espejo por las investigadores en la Universidad de Parma prometen alterar radicalmente nuestra comprensión de estados cognoscitivos y afectivos fundamentales. Este trabajo explora la relación de las neuronas de espejo con la teoría del Jung de los arquetipos y propone que los arquetipos puedan ser vistos como pautas elementales de acción. Se inicia con una revisión de la interpretación propuesta a los desvanecimientos de S. Freud en su relación con Jung como ejemplo de una pauta de acción que define una imagen arquetípica. El desafío que las neuronas espejo presenta a los conceptos tradicionales en la psicología analítica y el psicoanálisis, sin embargo, es que ellos operan sin el recurso de un elemento de procesamiento cognoscitivo. Es esta una posición que ha ganado aceptación también en otros campos. El trabajo por lo tanto revisa las reflexiones más recientes del Grupo de Estudio del Proceso de Cambio de Boston así como las conclusiones descritas por las dinámicas de los sistemas del desarrollo y la robótica teórica para subrayar la conclusión de que el control inconsciente no es un requisito para la acción coherente. El papel concluye con la sugerencia según la cual estas investigaciones pueden llevar a la conclusión de que el inconsciente dinámico es una hipótesis innecesaria en el psicoanálisis y la psicología analítica. [source]

Chemical strategies for immobilization of oligonucleotides

BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 11 2009
Dalip Sethi
Abstract The development of oligonucleotide-based microarrays (biochips) is a major thrust area in the rapidly growing biotechnology industry, which encompasses a diverse range of research areas including genomics, proteomics, computational biology, and pharmaceuticals, among other activities. Microarray experiments have proved to be unique in offering cost-effective and efficient analysis at the genomic level. In the last few years, biochips have gained increasing acceptance in the study of genetic and cellular processes. As the increase in experimental throughput has posed many challenges to the research community, considerable progress has been made in the advancement of microarray technology. In this review, chemical strategies for immobilization of oligonucleotides have been highlighted with special emphasis on post-synthetic immobilization of oligonucleotides on glass surface. The major objective of this article is to make the researchers acquainted with some most recent advances in this area. [source]