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Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Fertility life table of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of Tuta absoluta and Phthorimaea operculella (Lep., Gelechiidae) at different temperatures

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 9-10 2000
D. Pratissoli
The development cycle and the parasitization capacity of this parasitoid was determined in order to calculate the net reproductive rate (Ro), the infinitesimal increase ratio (rm), the finite increase rate (,) and the mean duration of the generation (T). The mean duration of one generation of T. pretiosum kept on both eggs was observed to show an inverse relation with the increase of temperature. The net reproduction rate varied according to the temperature variation for both species. The maximum increase in capacity of T. pretiosum on the first host (T. absoluta) was reached at 22°C and on the second host (P. operculella) between 22 and 25°C. The infinitesimal increase rate and the finite increase rate for both moths had a relationship with the increase of temperature ranging from 18 to 30°C. The highest value of , for both moths occurred at 30 and 32°C according to the lesser duration of a generation. [source]

Effect of the Equipment Configuration and Operating Conditions on Process Performance and on Physical Characteristics of the Product During Coating in Spouted Bed

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2004
M. C. P. Publio
Abstract The effects of the configuration and operating conditions on the performance of the spouted bed tablet coating process have been studied. The configuration parameters analyzed were the ratio between the draft tube diameter and the inlet orifice diameter, dT/di, and the conical base angle, ,. To analyze the equipment performance the adhesion coefficient, ,, and the increase rate of the tablet mass, K1, were measured as a function of the mass flow rate of the coating material, Ws, of the ratio between the mass feed flow rate of coating suspension relative to mass feed flow rate of the spouting gas, W*s/W*g, of the air flow rate relative to minimum spouting, Q/Qms, and of the feed flow rate of atomising air, Wat. Procedures for the evaluation of the growth kinetics and for measuring the product uniformity are presented. On a étudié les effets de la configuration et des conditions opératoires sur la performance du procédé d'enrobage de tablettes en lit jaillissant. Les paramètres de configuration étudiés sont le rapport entre le diamètre du tube d'aspiration et le diamètre de l'orifice d'entrée, dT/di, et l'angle de base conique, ,. Pour analyser la performance de l'équipement, le coefficient d'adhésion, ,, et la vitesse d'augmentation du poids de la tablette, K1, ont été mesurés en fonction du débit massique du matériau d'enrobage, Ws, du rapport entre le débit d'alimentation massique de la suspension d'enrobage et le débit d'alimentation massique du gaz jaillissant, W*s/W*g, du débit d'air et du jaillissement minimal, Q/Qms, et du débit d'alimentation de l'air d'atomisation, Wat. On présente des méthodes pour évaluer les cinétiques de croissance et mesurer l'uniformité de produit. [source]

Runaway Reaction Kinetics for Emulsion Polymerization and its Consequences

MACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING, Issue 5-6 2009
Lambertus G. Manders
Abstract For industrial semi-batch emulsion polymerization, it is difficult to predict the composition of the reactor contents during a runaway reaction since many recipes are involved and it actually may be a fault in the feeds to the reactor that leads to the runaway reaction, as a distributed control system cannot safely prevent wrong feeds. Therefore, in order to safeguard the reactor, very high kinetics need to be taken into account, as discussed theoretically as well as based on an example. Corresponding maximum temperature increase rates may be above 100 K,·,min,1. This needs to be taken into account when designing safety measures for emulsion polymerization reactions. As a result, large safety relief valves or rupture discs may need to be installed. [source]

You can swim but you can't hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays

AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 5 2008
Nicholas K. Dulvy
Abstract 1.Fishing spans all oceans and the impact on ocean predators such as sharks and rays is largely unknown. A lack of data and complicated jurisdictional issues present particular challenges for assessing and conserving high seas biodiversity. It is clear, however, that pelagic sharks and rays of the open ocean are subject to high and often unrestricted levels of mortality from bycatch and targeted fisheries for their meat and valuable fins. 2.These species exhibit a wide range of life-history characteristics, but many have relatively low productivity and consequently relatively high intrinsic vulnerability to over-exploitation. The IUCN,,,World Conservation Union Red List criteria were used to assess the global status of 21 oceanic pelagic shark and ray species. 3.Three-quarters (16) of these species are classified as Threatened or Near Threatened. Eleven species are globally threatened with higher risk of extinction: the giant devilray is Endangered, ten sharks are Vulnerable and a further five species are Near Threatened. Threat status depends on the interaction between the demographic resilience of the species and intensity of fisheries exploitation. 4.4. Most threatened species, like the shortfin mako shark, have low population increase rates and suffer high fishing mortality throughout their range. Species with a lower risk of extinction have either fast, resilient life histories (e.g. pelagic stingray) or are species with slow, less resilient life histories but subject to fisheries management (e.g. salmon shark). 5.5. Recommendations, including implementing and enforcing finning bans and catch limits, are made to guide effective conservation and management of these sharks and rays. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]