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Income Generation (income + generation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences28%
Humanities and Social Sciences28%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting28%

Selected Abstracts

Information and Communication Technologies for Direct Poverty Alleviation: Costs and Benefits

DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2 2002
Charles Kenny
Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are powerful tools for empowerment and income generation in developing countries. The cost-effectiveness of different ICTs does vary between developed and less developed countries, however. This article reviews the potential efficacy of radio, telephony and the Internet as tools of direct poverty alleviation in the latter. While the requirements for their successful utilisation make radio and telephone far more suitable technologies for the poor, traditional ICTs can act as a sustainable intermediary for them to gain indirect access to the power of the Internet. Governments should concentrate on opening up private and community provision of broadcasting and widening access to telephone services, so that they can effectively play this intermediary role. [source]

The demand for child curative care in two rural thanas of Bangladesh: effect of income and women's employment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2001
Ann Levin
Abstract This paper seeks to investigate the determinants of child health care seeking behaviours in rural Bangladesh. In particular, the effects of income, women's access to income, and the prices of obtaining child health care are examined. Data on the use of child curative care were collected in two rural areas of Bangladesh,Abhoynagar Thana of Jessore District and Mirsarai Thana of Chittagong District,in March 1997. In estimating the use of child curative care, the nested multinomial logit specification was used. The results of the analysis indicate that a woman's involvement in a credit union or income generation affected the likelihood that curative child care was used. Household wealth decreased the likelihood that the child had an illness episode and affected the likelihood that curative child care was sought. Among facility characteristics, travel time was statistically significant and was negatively associated with the use of a provider. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Software packages for everything

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 4 2001
Article first published online: 12 JUL 200, Peter Flory
This paper details the way in which voluntary sector organisations can benefit from software packages designed for the commercial sector. Administrative activities of nonprofit and voluntary sector managers revolve around money and the paper demonstrates how the areas of income generation, administration and service provision can be more efficiently managed by the use of existing software. Off-the-shelf systems can be adapted simply by slightly changing the terminology. The paper concludes that, although the costs are high, they are more than offset by the potential benefits. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications [source]

Exploitation of Encephalartos transvenosus outside and inside Mphaphuli Cycads Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
A. M. Ravele
Abstract This study has investigated the use and threats of Encephalartos transvenosus outside and inside Mphaphuli Cycads Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data were collected from 2005 to 2006 through social and ecological surveys. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 40 people per household, sampled from four selected villages around the reserve. E. transvenosus is used for medicinal purposes, decorations, cultural activities and as food. Youth and adult persons harvest E. transvenosus for income generation, while children and aged people mainly use it for subsistence purposes. The survival of E. transvenosus in the wild is uncertain due to various threats, such as illegal collection, habitat destruction, fire and grazing. Some conservation measures are also discussed. Résumé Cet article rapporte les recherches sur l'utilisation et les menaces sur E. transvenosus en dehors et à l'intérieur de la Mphaphuli Cycads Nature Reserve, dans la Province du Limpopo, en Afrique du Sud. Des données ont été récoltées de 2005 à 2006 via des enquêtes sociales et écologiques. Des interviews semi structurées ont été menées chez un total de 40 personnes, par ménage, pris au hasard dans quatre villages choisis autour de la réserve. E. transvenosus est utiliséà des fins médicinales, pour la décoration, des activités culturelles et l'alimentation. Jeunes et adultes récoltent E. transvenosus pour en tirer des revenus, tandis que les enfants et les vieilles personnes les utilisent beaucoup pour leur subsistance. La survie d'E. transvenosus dans la nature est incertaine en raison de diverses menaces telles que la récolte illégale, la destruction de l'habitat, les feux et le pâturage. Certaines mesures de conservation furent aussi discutées. [source]

How does economic empowerment affect women's risk of intimate partner violence in low and middle income countries?

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2009
A systematic review of published evidence
Abstract Objectives To identify whether individual and household economic empowerment is associated with lower intimate partner violence in low and middle income country settings. Methods Systematic PubMed and internet searches. Results Published data from 41 sites were reviewed. Household assets and women's higher education were generally protective. Evidence about women's involvement in income generation and experience of past year violence was mixed, with five finding a protective association and six documenting a risk association. Conclusion At an individual and household level, economic development and poverty reduction may have protective impacts on IPV. Context specific factors influence whether financial autonomy is protective or associated with increased risk. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article was published online on 6 October 2008. Errors were subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [17 April 2009]. [source]

Money matters: students' perceptions of the costs associated with placements

MEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 10 2007
Natalie Wray
Context, Placements are an integral component of the medical, nursing and allied health curricula. However, apart from the relocation costs associated with placements, little research on students' understandings and experiences of the financial implications of placements has been carried out. Objectives, We report on students' financial concerns associated with placements, which emerged as a main theme in a broader study we conducted on the impact of undergraduate student placement experiences on graduate practice. Methods, We conducted a qualitative study which included focus group discussions (n = 17), individual interviews (n = 48) and written responses (n = 2) with undergraduate students (n = 103) and graduates (n = 27) from a tertiary institution in Victoria, Australia. Results, Students identified that income generation and the costs associated with transport and placement location contributed to the financial burden of placements. Students also spoke of the implications of high financial strain impacting on their accumulation of debt as well as on their health and wellbeing. Discussion, Our study advances our understanding of the implications of financial hardship experienced by medical, nursing and allied health students. In our study, students, regardless of their placement location, experienced increased demands and associated stress as a result of managing placements, paid employment and limited financial resources. We recommend that further quantitative research be conducted to measure the variables identified as emerging themes in this study. [source]

Effects of Great Barrier Reef degradation on recreational reef-trip demand: a contingent behaviour approach,

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2009
Marit E. Kragt
There is a growing concern that increased nutrient and sediment runoff from river catchments are a potential source of coral reef degradation. Degradation of reefs may affect the number of tourists visiting the reef and, consequently, the economic sectors that rely on healthy reefs for their income generation. This study uses a contingent behaviour approach to estimate the effect of reef degradation on demand for recreational dive and snorkel trips, for a case study of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Results from a negative binomial random effects panel model show that the consumer surplus current reef visitors derive from a diving or snorkelling trip is approximately A$185 per trip. Furthermore, results indicate that reef trips by divers and snorkellers could go down by as much as 80 per cent given a hypothetical decrease in coral and fish biodiversity. This corresponds to a decrease in tourism expenditure by divers and snorkellers on full-day reef trips in the Cairns management area of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park of about A$103 million per year. [source]