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Income Disparity (income + disparity)
Selected AbstractsRegional Income Disparity and the Size of the Public SectorJOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 5 2009MICHELE GIUSEPPE GIURANNO This paper explores the impact of income inequality between jurisdictions on government decision making affecting the size of the public sector. We model policy choices as the outcome of regional representatives' negotiations in the legislature. We show that the more unequal interregional income distribution is, the greater the underprovision of public goods. More specifically, greater interregional income disparity leads to a smaller public sector. A wealthier economy as a result may have a relatively smaller government size when income disparity increases. [source] The Impact of Government Corruption and Monopolized Industries on Poverty and Income Disparity in Urban ChinaASIAN POLITICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2009Xia Li Lollar This article examines the impact of government corruption and state monopolized industries on poverty and income disparity in urban China. Urban poverty and income disparity in China have increased sharply in recent years. The gap between the rich and poor has become so alarmingly wide that it has caused riots and violent protests in cities and towns across the country. While most studies on the roots of urban poverty and income disparity in China have focused on factors, such as unemployment, rural-to-urban migration, and lack of a social safety net, this study investigates the impact of government corruption and state-monopolized industries on urban poor and income inequality. This study argues that the root causes of the fast-growing gap between the rich and poor are the irrationally high income gained through the monopoly of state-owned industries, the legal gains derived from graft, corruption, and power-for-money transactions. [source] Unequal Japan: Conservative Corporatism and Labour Market DisparitiesBRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 1 2010Ji-Whan Yun The majority of the literature on the increasing labour market disparities in Japan has attributed the trend to changing market circumstances or new government policies. However, this article claims that widening income disparities, especially between regular and non-regular workers, are more deeply rooted in the nature of Japan's policy-making mechanism. Combining industrial actors' conservative orientation towards dual labour markets and their corporatist interactions for policy making, this article argues that Japan's disparity problem has originated from its ,conservative corporatism'. The article presents the manner in which conservative corporatism has widened the disparities in employment security and welfare benefits. [source] China's regional income disparity An alternative way to think of the sources and causes1THE ECONOMICS OF TRANSITION, Issue 1 2008Ding Lu Factor mobility; regional income inequality; China Abstract Using data on China's provincial economies for the period 1978,2005, we decomposed the causes and factors that have contributed to inter-regional per capita income disparity. Variance in capital per employee and variance in capital elasticity are found to be the two main sources of income disparity while the employment,labour force ratio is shown to be an important factor in containing the rise of income disparity. An analysis on inter-regional factor reallocation effects reveals their relatively small and insignificant contributions to overall growth performance. It is also discovered that capital has in most years flowed in the right direction to pursue higher marginal productivity across provincial economies. Inter-provincial labour movement, on the other hand, had not displayed significant equilibrating effects until institutional reforms started to allow freer inter-regional labour mobility in later years. Generally, we conclude that market-oriented factor mobility has played a crucial role in equalizing factor returns as well as enhancing growth efficiency across regions. [source] INTERNATIONAL AND INTRA-NATIONAL TRADE: A CONTINUUM APPROACH,THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 3 2009SUGATA MARJIT We build up a Ricardian trade model with multiple regions within a nation and examine how international trade determines interregional patterns of production and specialization. We show that the degree of interregional concentration of economic activities moves in different directions in two trading nations. The role of "absolute advantage" becomes crucial in dictating the course of income disparity across regions. We discuss cases with varying degrees of labour mobility and reconfirm the result on post-trade interregional concentration and dispersion. Later we explore the impact of "scale factor" in this model and show how principle of comparative advantage and economies of scale interact to determine the pattern of specialization and volume of trade. [source] The Impact of Government Corruption and Monopolized Industries on Poverty and Income Disparity in Urban ChinaASIAN POLITICS AND POLICY, Issue 3 2009Xia Li Lollar This article examines the impact of government corruption and state monopolized industries on poverty and income disparity in urban China. Urban poverty and income disparity in China have increased sharply in recent years. The gap between the rich and poor has become so alarmingly wide that it has caused riots and violent protests in cities and towns across the country. While most studies on the roots of urban poverty and income disparity in China have focused on factors, such as unemployment, rural-to-urban migration, and lack of a social safety net, this study investigates the impact of government corruption and state-monopolized industries on urban poor and income inequality. This study argues that the root causes of the fast-growing gap between the rich and poor are the irrationally high income gained through the monopoly of state-owned industries, the legal gains derived from graft, corruption, and power-for-money transactions. [source] | ||||||||||