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Incisor Teeth (incisor + tooth)
Selected AbstractsAssessment of traumatic injuries to primary teeth in general practise and specialized paediatric dentistryDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Carl Gösta Rasmusson Materials and methods:, A total of 323 children with traumatic injuries, 184 boys and 139 girls aged 7,83 months, participated in the study. All the children had first presented at a Public Dental Service clinic where they were examined by general dentists who decided, based on the severity of the trauma, to assign each child to one of the following two groups: Group A , recommended for treatment at the general practise (166 children with 257 traumatized incisor teeth). Group B , recommended for referral to a specialist in paediatric dentistry (157 children with 261 traumatized incisor teeth). Even in Group A, the specialist controlled the treatment decisions. The clinical diagnose and follow-up followed the recommendations presented by Andreasen & Andreasen. Results:, The distribution of trauma by age was similar in both groups, with about 60% occurring between 1 and 3 years. More injured teeth were extracted in children in Group B (n = 111) than in Group A (n = 33). A higher percentage of intruded primary incisors were recorded in Group B (24%) compared with Group A (16%). Similarly, the percentage of concussions/subluxations, lateral luxations and complicated crown fractures was higher in Group B than in Group A. Conclusions:, The group referred for specialist treatment had more severe injuries and needed more complicated treatment than the group recommended for care by general dentists. However, the rate of sequelae in permanent successors was the same in both. [source] Tooth fragment reattachment in multiple complicated permanent incisor crown-root fractures , a report of two casesDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Antoniella Busuttil Naudi Abstract,,, Crown-root fractures account for only 5% of all traumatic injuries; however, they can present difficulties for successful management. This paper describes the treatment of two unrelated children who sustained crown-root fractures, extending subgingivally, in permanent upper central incisor teeth with immature apices. [source] Replantation after extended dry storage of avulsed permanent incisors: report of a caseDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Funda Kont Cobankara Abstract,,, A 15-year-old boy lost his maxillary right and left central incisor teeth in a bicycle accident. He was referred to our clinic 1 week after the injury. The crown-root integrities of both the teeth were not damaged. Although the teeth were stored under dry conditions for 1 week, reimplantation of the teeth was planned to retain the teeth in the mouth for as long a period as possible because of the patient's age. Following the debridement and sterilization of root surfaces in 2.5% NaOCl, root canals were prepared and filled with calcium hydroxide. Then, about 2 mm of the apexes were resected to ensure that the roots easily seated in the alveolar socket and the prepared cavities in root ends were obturated with the amalgam. The teeth were placed into their respective sockets and splinted temporarily. The root canal therapy was completed 5 weeks later. Ankylosis was observed radiographically after 10 months. The patient is now 23 years old and he is still able to use both the central incisors functionally. However, there is a pink appearance on the cervical buccal surface of left central incisor because of progressive replacement resorption. In this case, the new treatment plan is to perform a permanent restoration with dental implants following the extraction of both teeth. Even though the long-term prognosis is uncertain, this treatment technique has provided an advantage for the patient in his adolescent period by maintaining the height of alveolar bone and making the provision of an aesthetically acceptable permanent restoration at a later age possible. [source] Traumatised permanent teeth in 11,16-year-old Saudi Arabian children with a sensory impairment attending special schoolsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2003M. AlSarheed Abstract ,,,The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatised permanent teeth among sensory (visual (VI) and hearing (HI)) impaired children attending special schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All the dental injuries involved incisor teeth, and trauma was noted in 33 (6.7%) children attending government schools (control group) compared to 7 (9%) VI children and 24 (11.4%) HI children. Differences in the dental trauma only reached statistical significance between the HI and control group (P < 0.05). Gender differences were only apparent in the HI group, with males having higher levels of traumatised teeth. In addition, HI children aged 11,12 years were more prone to trauma than children in the control group of the same age (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sensory impaired children do have a tendency for more dental trauma. However, this was only statistically significant for HI children. Whereas a gender difference was most noticeable for the HI group, with males having higher levels of trauma, this was noticeable by its absence among VI children. [source] An investigation of root-fractured permanent incisor teeth in childrenDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Laura Feely Abstract ,,,The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the type of healing which occurred in root-fractured permanent incisor teeth in children. The objectives were to determine whether gender, age, stage of root development or location of the fracture affected the healing type. The method involved careful scrutiny of clinical records and radiographs of children who attended a unit of paediatric dentistry in a dental hospital. Relevant information was entered onto a data collection sheet. The results were tabulated and analysed by the ,2 -tests using the SPSS statistical package. The results are based on 34 root-fractured teeth in 33 children aged 8,15 years. Root development was incomplete in 27 of the root-fractured teeth and complete in seven teeth. A good healing outcome was seen in 27 (79.4%) of the teeth and poor healing in 7 (20.6%). The only factor which was found to be statistically significantly related to healing was the stage of root development. It can be concluded that root-fractured teeth with immature roots have a better chance of showing good healing than teeth with mature roots. [source] Factors affecting the time of onset of resorption in avulsed and replanted incisor teeth in childrenDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2001M. Donaldson Abstract , Resorption is the main reason for loss of replanted teeth. The outcome examined in this study is the timing of the onset of resorption. The effect of dichotomised dry and wet time intervals as well as the presence of additional crown damage and of contamination were determined. Of 84 replanted teeth, 67.5% developed resorptions. Twenty-eight had detectable additional crown damage with a more rapid onset being seen in these cases (P=0.009). The critical limit for dry time was 15 min (P=0.038) and significant differences persisted for greater limits also. Serial analysis of the association between the time of onset of root resorption and dichotomised wet time variables failed to yield any significant associations. There was visible contamination detected in 32 teeth and these exhibited a more rapid onset of resorption than the other cases (P=0.030). Teeth with inflammatory root resorption (12.8%) had a more rapid onset of resorption than those that developed replacement resorption (54.7%) (P<0.001). It is concluded that the risk of early resorption is increased in teeth that have additional damage or have contamination, or are kept in dry conditions for longer than 15 min. [source] Role of Wnt signaling in the biology of the periodontiumDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 1 2010Scott M. Rooker Abstract Continuously erupting teeth have associated with them a continuously regenerating periodontal ligament, but the factors that control this amazing regenerative potential are unknown. We used genetic strategies to show that the periodontal ligament arises from the cranial neural crest. Despite their histological similarity, the periodontal ligament of continuously erupting incisor teeth differs dramatically from the periodontal ligament of molar teeth. The most notable difference was in the distribution of Wnt responsive cells in the incisor periodontal ligament, which coincided with regions of periodontal ligament cell proliferation. We discuss these findings in the context of dental tissue regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 239:140,147, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] SUPERFICIAL ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA WITH BULKY GASTRIC HIATUS LYMPH NODE METASTASIS: A CASE REPORTDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2009Yoshiaki Takahashi In patients with superficial esophageal cancer, especially in those with tumor invasion above the muscularis mucosae, lymph node metastasis is very rare. We report a case of superficial esophageal cancer who presented with lymph node metastasis. In another hospital a 49-year-old man was found to have a bulky tumor adjacent to the cardiac area of the stomach and a total gastrectomy was carried out. Postoperatively, the tumor was identified as a lymph node containing metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. The main lesion could not be identified on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. On esophagogastric endoscopy, using the iodine spray technique, we found an unstained lesion about 32 cm from the incisor teeth. The tumor was removed using endoscopic mucosal resection. The entire resected specimen was examined histopathologically; the depth of the tumor was above the muscularis mucosae. Thirty-four months after endoscopic mucosal resection, there is no sign of tumor recurrence or metastasis. [source] In vivo astaxanthin treatment partially prevents antioxidant alterations in dental pulp from alloxan-induced diabetic ratsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 11 2010M. F. Leite Leite MF, de Lima A, Massuyama MM, Otton R.In vivo astaxanthin treatment partially prevents antioxidant alterations in dental pulp from alloxan-induced diabetic rats. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 959,967, 2010. Abstract Aim, To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on antioxidant parameters of dental pulp from diabetic rats. The hypothesis tested was that supplementation of diabetic rats with astaxanthin might eliminate, or at least attenuate, the defect in their antioxidative status. Methodology, Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: untreated control, treated control, untreated diabetic and treated diabetic rats. A prophylactic dose of astaxanthin (20 mg kg,1 body weight) was administered daily by gavage for 30 days. On day 23, diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (60 mg kg,1 body weight). After 7 days of diabetes induction, the rats were killed, and pulp tissue from incisor teeth removed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase activities were determined. Data were compared by anova and the Newman,Keuls test (P < 0.05). Results, Diabetes caused a reduction in SOD, GPx and reductase activity in dental pulp tissue. Astaxanthin had no effect on SOD and catalase activities; however, it stimulated GPx in control and diabetic rats. Conclusions, Diabetes altered the antioxidant system in dental pulp tissue; astaxanthin partially improved the diabetic complications. [source] Fracture resistance of incisor teeth restored using fibre-reinforced posts and threaded metal posts: effect of post length, location, pretreatment and cementation of the final restorationINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010M. Schmitter Schmitter M, Lippenberger S, Rues S, Gilde H, Rammelsberg P. Fracture resistance of incisor teeth restored using fibre-reinforced posts and threaded metal posts: effect of post length, location, pretreatment and cementation of the final restoration. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 436,442, 2010. Abstract Objective, The hypothesis of this study was that the fracture load of incisor teeth restored using short, threaded, parallel-sided posts (TMP) is, under special conditions, not inferior to that of teeth restored using long TMPs or fibre-reinforced posts (FRP). Methodology, Seventy-two maxillary incisors and 72 mandibular incisors were collected. Sixty-four in each group were root filled; in half of these FRPs were cemented, and in the other half TMPs were used. Half of the FRPs were pretreated; the others were not pretreated. In the TMP-group, half of the teeth received a long post (10 mm), the other half a short post (3 mm). Crowns were fabricated and cemented with Ketac-cem or Panavia. Eight maxillary incisors and eight mandibular incisors with intact natural crowns were used as control groups. All specimens were loaded until fracture. Results, Fracture loads were higher for pretreated FRPs than for untreated FRPs. If the FRPs were not pretreated, fracture loads for maxillary incisors after use of short metal posts were significantly higher (248 N compared with 133 N, P = 0.027). Fracture loads for teeth restored using long TMPs were not higher than for teeth restored using short TMPs (277 N compared with 266 N). Fracture loads for mandibular incisors restored using long (10 mm) pretreated FRP were higher than for mandibular incisors restored using short (3 mm) metal posts (436 N compared with 285 N). Cementation of the crowns using an adhesive resin cement did not increase the fracture load for mandibular incisors, whereas for maxillary incisors, this cementation technique tended to increase fracture loads in teeth restored with FRP, although this increase was not significant at the P < 0.05 level (P = 0.06). In both groups, fracture loads were higher for mandibular incisors. Conclusions, Short, threaded, parallel-sided metal posts might be an alternative to fibre- reinforced posts for maxillary incisors, for teeth with short roots or when FRP cannot be pretreated. [source] Effectiveness of different gutta-percha techniques when filling experimental internal resorptive cavitiesINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 10 2008N. Gencoglu Abstract Aim, To determine the quality of root fillings in teeth with artificial internal resorptive cavities filled with Thermafil, JS Quick-Fill, Soft Core, System B and Microseal, and by cold lateral compaction (LC) technique. Methodology, Sixty maxillary incisor teeth were selected. After access cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation, the roots were sectioned horizontally and artificial internal resorption cavities were prepared on the canal walls. The tooth sections were cemented together and the root canals were filled using one of six different techniques: Thermafil, JS Quick-Fill, Soft Core, System B and Microseal, and by LC. The roots were then divided at the level of the previous section and each root surface was photographed. Image analysis program was used to calculate the percentage of sealer, gutta-percha and void in the internal resorptive cavities. All measurements were analysed statistically using One-way anova and Newman,Keuls tests. Results, The Microseal technique filled 99% of the artificial resorptive area followed by LC (92%), SystemB (89%), Quick-Fill (88%), Thermafil (74%) and Soft-Core (73%). Warm gutta-percha compaction techniques filled the resorption areas with more gutta-percha than sealer (Microseal 68%, System B 62%) compared to the other techniques (LC 48%, Quick Fill 41%, Soft Core 34%, Thermafil 35%). In addition, core techniques left a considerable volume of voids in the resorptive areas (Quick-Fill 12%, Thermafil 26%, Soft Core 27%). Conclusions, Warm gutta techniques filled artificial resorption cavities significantly better than the other gutta-percha techniques. [source] Imaging of root canal fillings: a comparison of subjective image quality between limited cone-beam CT, storage phosphor and film radiographyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007E. So Abstract Aim, To compare the subjective quality of limited cone-beam computed tomography (LCBCT), storage phosphor plate (SPP) and F-speed film images for the evaluation of length and homogeneity of root fillings. Methodology, Root canals of 17 extracted permanent mandibular incisor teeth were filled. With the teeth placed in their jaws, images were obtained with Accu-I-Tomo LCBCT, Digora® Optime image plate system and F-speed film using exposure parameters yielding ,clinically' acceptable density and contrast. Three radiologists and three endodontists independently rated the quality of all images in respect to homogeneity and the length of root fillings using a 3-graded scale. Evaluations were undertaken in two sessions. In the first, the coronal LCBCT images were not included. In the second, both coronal and sagittal LCBCT images were rated along with F-speed film and SPP images. Results were compared using the Friedman test (P < 0.05). Pair-wise comparisons of systems were completed using the Wilxocon signed-ranks test (P < 0.05). Kappa was used to measure interobserver agreement. Results, Digora images were rated superior, consecutively followed by F-speed films and LCBCT images, for the evaluation of both homogeneity and length of root fillings in both the evaluation sessions (P < 0.05). Kappa ranged from slight to moderate for the length evaluation of root fillings and from poor to fair for the evaluation of homogeneity of root fillings. Conclusion, Image quality of storage phosphor images was subjectively as good as conventional film images and superior to LCBCT images for the evaluation of both homogeneity and length of root fillings in single-rooted teeth. [source] Microleakage along Glassix glass fibre posts cemented with three different materials assessed using a fluid transport systemINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006-Barbi, M. Rogi Abstract Aim, To evaluate the microleakage along Glassix fibre posts cemented with three different materials. Methodology, The root canals of maxillary central incisor teeth were filled and restored with Glassix posts (Harald Nordin sa, Chailly/Montreux, Switzerland) cemented with either a zinc-phosphate Harvard cement (Richter & Hoffmann, Harvard Dental GmbH, Berlin, Germany), Fuji PLUS cement (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) or Variolink II cement (Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein) in three groups of 15 canals each. Twenty unrestored canals served as a control group, 10 filled with gutta-percha and sealer (negative control group), the remaining 10 with gutta-percha only (positive control group). Coronal microleakage was evaluated using a fluid transport system. The movement of an air bubble in a capillary glass tube connected to the apex of the experimental root section was measured over 5-min periods. Measurements were performed four times for each specimen and the mean values recorded. anova and Duncan's test were performed. Results, The positive control group had the highest values of microleakage. Amongst experimental groups, the highest values of microleakage occurred in the group with the posts cemented with Harvard cement, followed by Fuji PLUS and Variolink II cements. Groups with Fuji PLUS, Variolink II and the negative control group had significantly (P < 0.00001) less microleakage compared with the Harvard cement group and the positive control group. Conclusion, Canals with Glassix posts cemented with Variolink II and Fuji PLUS cement had the least leakage when assessed using a fluid transport system. [source] Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of the Maxillary Anterior DentitionJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2009STEPHEN J. CHU DMD ABSTRACT Purpose:, The location of the gingival zenith in a medial-lateral position relative to the vertical tooth axis of the maxillary anterior teeth remains to be clearly defined. In addition, the apex of the free gingival margin of the lateral incisor teeth relative to the gingival zeniths of the adjacent proximal teeth remains undetermined. Therefore, this investigation evaluated two clinical parameters: (1) the gingival zenith position (GZP) from the vertical bisected midline (VBM) along the long axis of each individual maxillary anterior tooth; and (2) the gingival zenith level (GZL) of the lateral incisors in an apical-coronal direction relative to the gingival line joining the tangents of the GZP of the adjacent central incisor and canine teeth under healthy conditions. Materials and Methods:, A total of 240 sites in 20 healthy patients (13 females, 7 males) with an average age of 27.7 years were evaluated. The inclusion patient criteria were absence of periodontal disease, gingival recession, or gingival hypertrophy as well as teeth without loss of interdental papillae, spacing, crowding, existing restorations, and incisal attrition. GZP dimensions were measured with calibrated digital calipers for each individual tooth and within each tooth group in a medial-lateral direction from the VBM. GZLs were measured in an apical-coronal direction from a tangent line drawn on the diagnostic casts from the GZPs of the adjacent teeth. Results:, This study demonstrated that all central incisors displayed a distal GZP from the VBM, with a mean average of 1 mm. Lateral incisors showed a deviation of the gingival zenith by a mean of 0.4 mm. In 97.5% of the canine population, the GZP was centralized along the long axis of the canine. The mean distance of the contour of the gingival margin in an apical-coronal direction of the lateral incisors (GZL) relative to gingival line joining the tangent of the adjacent central and canine GZPs was approximately 1 mm. Conclusion:, This investigation revealed a GZP mean value of 1 mm distal from the VBM for the central incisor tooth group. The lateral incisors showed a mean average of 0.4 mm. Thecanine tooth group demonstrated almost no deviations of the GZP from the VBM. The GZL of the lateral incisors relative to the adjacent central incisor and canine teeth were more coronal by approximately 1 mm. These data could be used as reference points during esthetic anterior oral rehabilitation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The information presented in this article can be clinically applied to reestablish the proper intratooth GZPs of the maxillary anterior teeth during periodontal crown lengthening or root coverage procedures. In addition, the intra-arch gingival level of the lateral incisor gingival zenith relative to the adjacent central and canine teeth can be appropriately established. [source] Diet reconstruction in antebellum Baltimore: Insights from dental microwear analysisAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Peter H. Ma Abstract Construction in the City of Baltimore during 1996 led to the recovery of human skeletal remains dating from 1792 to 1856. Historical research indicates that the skeletal remains come from two adjacent graveyards: Christ's Church Episcopalian Cemetery and the Potters Field East. The different socioeconomic status of the internees in each cemetery suggests the possibility of marked contrasts in lifestyle, health, and diet. To shed further light on these possibilities, analyses of microscopic wear patterns on teeth, or dental microwear analyses, were undertaken. A sample from Spanish Florida was used to help interpret the results. Epoxy casts of incisor and molar teeth were placed in an SEM and photomicrographs of clean wear facets were taken. The photomicrographs were digitized using the software package Microware 4.02. Statistical analyses of rank transformed data consisted of single-factor ANOVA, followed by post hoc tests. No significant differences were found between Christ's Church and Potters Field East samples for any of the variables examined in either molar or incisor teeth. However, differences between each Baltimore sample and the La Florida samples give suggestions of possible diet differences in antebellum Baltimore. The mosaic of differences between the Baltimore and La Florida samples probably reflects the wide variety of foods available to antebellum Baltimoreans as well as the relative lack of abrasives in their diet. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Supernumerary tooth with associated dentigerous cyst in an infant.AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007A case report, review of differential diagnosis Abstract This paper reviews the topic of dental structures present at birth or erupting prior to the deciduous incisor teeth. A literature review shows a prevalence of one in every 2000 live births. At this rate of occurrence it is likely that the general dental practitioner may be called upon to offer advice. This review is supported by the presentation of an unusual case of a supernumerary maxillary incisor tooth with the hallmarks of a neonatal tooth and the development of a soft tissue dentigerous cyst. The differential diagnosis of soft and hard tissue swellings in infants is also presented together with rare syndromal associations of natal and neonatal teeth. [source] Inferring adaptation within shape diversity of the humerus of subterranean rodent CtenomysBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 2 2010FRANCISCO STEINER-SOUZA In subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys, excavation activity can be carried out with the claws and forelimbs (scratch-digging) as well as with the skull and incisor teeth (skull-tooth digging). Within the forelimb myoskeletal system, the humerus is a main bone concentrating a large number of muscles and bearing tensions during excavation. The genus Ctenomys is considered primarily a scratch-digger and secondarily a skull-tooth digger. We analysed the humerus (N = 165) of four species of Ctenomys from southern Brazil, in areas ranging from the soft soils of the first lines of coastal dunes (Ctenomys flamarioni, Ctenomys minutus), through the sandy fields of the coastal plains (Ctenomys minutus, Ctenomys lami), on to the hard soils of the southern pampas ,gaśchos' fields (Ctenomys torquatus). The differences in the form (size + shape) were quantified using geometric morphometrics methods and interpreted in the light of myological descriptions. As expected from a phylogenetic and ecological point of view, C. flamarioni had the most divergent shape and larger size among the species analysed, showing a more slender humerus, especially in the head region, than C. lami, C. minutus, and C. torquatus. Crossing the osteology data with the qualitative observations of the musculature, it was possible to detect large differences in the proximal portion of the humerus that could be related to the insertion of important extension muscles of the pectoral,shoulder joints, which could increase force. The comparison of shape differences between the three closely-related species (C. lami, C. minutus, and C. torquatus) revealed unexpected patterns because C. lami was the species phenetically more distant from C. flamarioni and not C. torquatus as expected from ecological data and phylogenetic relationships. A two-step adaptive path to humeral shapes better fit to digging is postulated where the deltoid crest and epicondylar crest increases precede an articular surface area increase. The absence of sexual dimorphism in C. torquatus is discussed with regard to the optimal size required to dig in hard soils. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 100, 353,367. [source] Investigating the proximal limit of lymphadenectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus in the mid-thoracic regionBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 3 2000C. W. Vickery Aims: The benefit of extended lymphadenectomy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus is established, but there is little evidence to support this in patients with adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of lymphatic spread of oesophageal adenocarcinomas, and particularly the proximal spread in tumours located in the mid thorax. Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients with tumours arising between 29 and 35 cm from the incisor teeth underwent three-stage oesophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy, including nodes in the recurrent laryngeal chains. The proximal extent was measured by endoscopic ultrasonography and confirmed at operation, with division of the lymph node harvest into anatomical sites according to the Japanese classification of oesophageal cancer. Results: There were 21 men and five women, with a mean age of 64 (range 42,78) years; seven patients were lymph node negative in both the mediastinal and abdominal fields. Six patients had nodal metastases more than 2 cm above the tumour and all had extensive involvement of other nodes at the level of the tumour or below, with 7, 7, 9, 12, 15 and 18 nodes positive. There were no patients in whom nodes above the tumour contained metastases while those at the level or below were clear. Conclusions: Dissection of proximal lymph nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerve chains in patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is not warranted. Lymphatic spread above the level of the tumour occurs in association with extensive lymph node involvement elsewhere and removal of proximal nodes from difficult locations is not warranted as a means of improving staging or survival. © 2000 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd [source] Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of root canal treatment using conventional approaches versus replacement with an implantINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 10 2009M. W. Pennington Abstract Aim, To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of root canal treatment for a maxillary incisor tooth with a pulp infection, in comparison with extraction and replacement with a bridge, denture or implant supported restoration. Methodology, A Markov model was built to simulate the lifetime path of restorations placed on the maxillary incisor following the initial treatment decision. It was assumed that the goal of treatment was the preservation of a fixed platform support for a crown without involving the adjacent teeth. Consequently, the model estimates the lifetime costs and the total longevity of tooth and implant supported crowns at the maxillary incisor site. The model considers the initial treatment decisions, and the various subsequent treatment decisions that might be taken if initial restorations fail. Results, Root canal treatment extended the life of the tooth at an additional cost of £5,8 per year of tooth life. Provision of orthograde re-treatment, if the root canal treatment fails returns further extension of the expected life of the tooth at a cost of £12,15 per year. Surgical re-treatment is not cost-effective; it is cheaper, per year, to extend the life of the crown by replacement with a single implant restoration if orthograde endodontic treatment fails. Conclusion, Modelling the available clinical and cost data indicates that, root canal treatment is highly cost-effective as a first line intervention. Orthograde re-treatment is also cost-effective, if a root treatment subsequently fails, but surgical re-treatment is not. Implants may have a role as a third line intervention if re-treatment fails. [source] Evaluation of the relationship between smoking during pregnancy and subgingival microbiotaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2005Nurcan Buduneli Abstract Background: Numerous studies have shown that smoking negatively affects periodontal health. Hormonal changes, which occur during pregnancy have also been reported to have adverse effects on the periodontal tissues or indirectly through alterations in the subgingival bacterial flora. At present, no knowledge exists concerning possible effects of smoking on the composition of subgingival plaque in pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the subgingival plaque bacteria most commonly associated with periodontal disease. Methods: A total number of 181 women were examined within 72 h post-partum. Smoking status was recorded by means of a self-reported questionnaire and the study population was divided into three groups; non-smokers, light smokers, and heavy smokers. In each woman, two subgingival plaque samples were obtained from mesio- or disto-buccal aspect of randomly selected one molar and one incisor tooth by sterile paperpoints. Clinical periodontal recordings comprising presence of dental plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were performed at six sites per each tooth at all teeth. Plaque samples were analysed by checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization with respect to 12 bacterial species. In all analyses, the individual subject was the computational unit. Thus, mean values for all clinical parameters were calculated and bacterial scores from each individual sample were averaged. Statistical methods included ,2 test, Kruskal,Wallis test and Mann,Whitney U -test. Results: Mean ages were similar in the study groups. Plaque, BOP and PPD recordings were lower in the heavy-smoker group, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The detection rates and bacterial loads of the specific subgingival bacteria exhibited no significant differences between the groups. No correlation could be found between smoking status and detection rates and bacterial loads of various bacterial species. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that smoking during pregnancy does not have a significant effect on the composition of subgingival plaque bacteria. [source] Supernumerary tooth with associated dentigerous cyst in an infant.AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007A case report, review of differential diagnosis Abstract This paper reviews the topic of dental structures present at birth or erupting prior to the deciduous incisor teeth. A literature review shows a prevalence of one in every 2000 live births. At this rate of occurrence it is likely that the general dental practitioner may be called upon to offer advice. This review is supported by the presentation of an unusual case of a supernumerary maxillary incisor tooth with the hallmarks of a neonatal tooth and the development of a soft tissue dentigerous cyst. The differential diagnosis of soft and hard tissue swellings in infants is also presented together with rare syndromal associations of natal and neonatal teeth. [source] | |||||||||||||