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Inpatient Claims (inpatient + claim)
Selected AbstractsCost Convergence between Public and For-Profit Hospitals under Prospective Payment and High Competition in TaiwanHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 6p2 2004Sudha Xirasagar Objective. To test the hypotheses that: (1) average adjusted costs per discharge are higher in high-competition relative to low-competition markets, and (2) increased competition is associated with cost convergence between public and for-profit (FP) hospitals for case payment diagnoses, but not for cost-plus reimbursed diagnoses. Data Sources. Taiwan's National Health Insurance database; 325,851 inpatient claims for cesarean section, vaginal delivery, prostatectomy, and thyroidectomy (all case payment), and bronchial asthma and cholelithiasis (both cost-based payment). Study Design. Retrospective population-based, cross-sectional study. Data Analysis. Diagnosis-wise regression analyses were done to explore associations between cost per discharge and hospital ownership under high and low competition, adjusted for clinical severity and institutional characteristics. Principal Findings. Adjusted costs per discharge are higher for all diagnoses in high-competition markets. For case payment diagnoses, the magnitudes of adjusted cost differences between public and FP hospitals are lower under high competition relative to low competition. This is not so for the cost-based diagnoses. Conclusions. We find that the empirical evidence supports both our hypotheses. [source] Trends in Inpatient Treatment Intensity among Medicare Beneficiaries at the End of LifeHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004Amber E. Barnato Objective. Although an increasing fraction of Medicare beneficiaries die outside the hospital, the proportion of total Medicare expenditures attributable to care in the last year of life has not dropped. We sought to determine whether disproportionate increases in hospital treatment intensity over time among decedents are responsible for the persistent growth in end-of-life expenditures. Data Source. The 1985,1999 Medicare Medical Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) and Denominator files. Study Design. We sampled inpatient claims for 20 percent of all elderly fee-for-service Medicare decedents and 5 percent of all survivors between 1985 and 1999 and calculated age-, race-, and gender-adjusted per-capita inpatient expenditures and rates of intensive care unit (ICU) and intensive procedure use. We used the decedent-to-survivor expenditure ratio to determine whether growth rates among decedents outpaced growth relative to survivors, using the growth rate among survivors to control for secular trends in treatment intensity. Data Collection. The data were collected by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Principal Findings. Real inpatient expenditures for the Medicare fee-for-service population increased by 60 percent, from $58 billion in 1985 to $90 billion in 1999, one-quarter of which were accrued by decedents. Between 1985 and 1999 the proportion of beneficiaries with one or more intensive care unit (ICU) admission increased from 30.5 percent to 35.0 percent among decedents and from 5.0 percent to 7.1 percent among survivors; those undergoing one or more intensive procedure increased from 20.9 percent to 31.0 percent among decedents and from 5.8 percent to 8.5 percent among survivors. The majority of intensive procedures in the United States were performed in the more numerous survivors, although in 1999 50 percent of feeding tube placements, 60 percent of intubations/tracheostomies, and 75 percent of cardiopulmonary resuscitations were in decedents. The proportion of beneficiaries dying in a hospital decreased from 44.4 percent to 39.3 percent, but the likelihood of being admitted to an ICU or undergoing an intensive procedure during the terminal hospitalization increased from 38.0 percent to 39.8 percent and from 17.8 percent to 30.3 percent, respectively. One in five Medicare beneficiaries who died in the hospital in 1999 received mechanical ventilation during their terminal admission. Conclusions. Inpatient treatment intensity for all fee-for-service beneficiaries increased between 1985 and 1999 regardless of survivorship status. Absolute changes in per-capita hospital expenditures, ICU admissions, and intensive inpatient procedure use were much higher among decedents. Relative changes were similar except for ICU admissions, which grew faster among survivors. The secular decline in in-hospital deaths has not resulted in decreased per capita utilization of expensive inpatient services in the last year of life. This could imply that net hospital expenditures for the dying might have been even higher over this time period if the shift toward hospice had not occurred. [source] Nursing Home Characteristics and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations of Long-Stay ResidentsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 10 2004Orna Intrator PhD Objectives: To examine the association between having a nurse practitioner/physician assistant (NP/PA) on staff, other nursing home (NH) characteristics, and the rate of potentially preventable/avoidable hospitalizations of long-stay residents, as defined using a list of ambulatory care,sensitive (ACS) diagnoses. Design: Cross-sectional prospective study using Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services inpatient claims and eligibility records, On-line Survey Certification Automated Records, (OSCAR) and Area Resource File (ARP). Setting: Freestanding urban NHs in Maine, Kansas, New York, and South Dakota. Participants: Residents of 663 facilities with a quarterly or annual MDS assessment in the 2nd quarter of 1997, who had a prior MDS assessment at least 160 days before, and who were not health maintenance organization members throughout 1997 (N=54,631). Measurements: A 180-day multinomial outcome was defined as having any hospitalization with primary ACS diagnosis, otherwise having been hospitalized, otherwise died, and otherwise remained in the facility. Results: Multilevel models show that facilities with NP/PAs were associated with lower hospitalization rates for ACS conditions (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.83), but not with other hospitalizations. Facilities with more physicians were associated with higher ACS hospitalizations (ACS, AOR=1.14, and non-ACS, AOR=1.10). Facilities providing intravenous therapy, and those that operate a nurses' aide training program were associated with fewer hospitalizations of both types. Conclusion: Employment of NP/PAs in NHs, the provision of intravenous therapy, and the operation of certified nurse assistant training programs appear to reduce ACS hospitalizations, and may be feasible cost-saving policy interventions. [source] Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use on the Rate of Gastrointestinal Hospitalizations Among People Living in Long-Term CareJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2001Kate L. Lapane PhD OBJECTIVES: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are the most-common serious adverse reactions associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We quantified the effect of specific NSAIDs on the rate of GI hospitalizations among older people living in long-term care. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: All Medicare/Medicaid certified nursing homes in four states (Maine, Minnesota, New York, and South Dakota). PARTICIPANTS: We identified 125,516 newly admitted residents from a database of all residents (1992,1996) of all Medicare/Medicaid certified nursing homes in four states. Using the federally mandated Minimum Data Set, which includes information on all drugs received (prescription and over-the-counter), we identified patients who received at least one prescription for aspirin (n = 19,101) or NSAIDs (n = 9,777). The control population consisted of all institutionalized persons who did not receive these drugs. MEASUREMENTS: From Health Care Financing Administration inpatient claims, we identified the first hospitalization for GI perforation, ulcer, or hemorrhage that occurred during the year of follow up (ICD9-CM discharge codes: 531,534, 578). Cox proportional hazards models provided adjusted estimates of rate ratios. RESULTS: NSAID exposure increased the GI-event-related hospitalization rate in both men (rate ratios (RR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17,5.99) and women (RR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.85,5.65). The rate of GI hospitalizations for both men and women taking sulindac, naproxen, or indomethacin was higher than for nonusers. The risk of GI-event-related hospitalizations was greatest among women exposed to diflunisal (RR = 6.08; 95% CI = 2.27,16.26) or oxaprozin (RR = 6.03; 95% CI = 2.49,14.58). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high background rate of GI events, most NSAIDs increased the risk of GI hospitalization. Careful attention to choice of agent and dosing is needed in prescribing NSAIDs in this frail, older population. [source] | ||||||||||