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Innovative Concept (innovative + concept)
Selected AbstractsMechanical Properties of Compound Extruded Aircraft Stringer Profiles Under Cyclic Loading,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2010Kay A. Weidenmann The worldwide competition in the field of aircraft structures leads to an increasing need for functionality and safety as well as for cost and weight reduction. For instance stringers could be directly welded on the aircraft's skin sheet. The requirements to be met are increased safety against crack initiation and crack growth as well as improved residual strength against failure after harmful impact of foreign objects. The application of continuously reinforced aluminium profiles which are manufactured by compound extrusion leads to increased strength and stiffness of the profiles by combining the aluminium matrix with high strength wires. Thus aircraft stringers of such profiles represent an innovative concept with improved properties. The characterisation of compound extrusions based on medium and high strength aircraft aluminium alloys EN AW-6056 and EN AW-2099 shows that a good embedding of the reinforcing high strength wires (Co-based and Fe-based) can be achieved. Furthermore the mechanical properties under cyclic loading of the profiles were measured and the S/N-curves for the different compound combinations were determined. Subsequently the crack initiation and propagation was analysed by using metallographic and SEM investigations. The fatigue resistance of reinforced specimens is increased compared to unreinforced ones. The fatigue cracks originate at the surface of unreinforced specimen while the cracks in reinforced specimens are initiated at the wire,matrix interface. [source] Nanocomposite Hybrid Molecular Materials for Application in Solid-State Electrochemical Supercapacitors,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 7 2005K. Cuentas-Gallegos Abstract Molecular hybrid materials formed from polyoxometalates dispersed in conducting polymers represent an innovative concept in energy storage. This work reports in detail the first practical realization of electrodes based on these materials for energy storage in electrochemical supercapacitors. The molecular hybrids PAni/H4SiW12O40, PAni/H3PW12O40, and PAni/H3PMo12O40 (PAni: polyaniline) have been prepared electrochemically on platinum or carbon substrates, with PAni/H3PMo12O40 being the prototypical example presenting the best energy-storage performance in the series. This hybrid displays the combined activity of its organic and inorganic components to store and release charge in solid-state electrochemical capacitor cells, leading to a promising value of 120,F,g,1 and good cyclability beyond 1000,cycles. [source] Superhydrophobic Coatings: The Salvinia Paradox: Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Hydrophilic Pins for Air Retention Under Water (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 21 201021/2010) The cover shows the sophisticated surface design of the floating water fern Salvinia. The unique surface architecture is composed of complex hydrophobic eggbeater-shaped hairs with hydrophilic terminal cells. The evenly distributed hydrophilic patches stabilize the air layer by pinning the air/water interface in place. The paradox combination of hydrophilic patches on superhydrophobic surfaces (the "Salvinia Effect") provides an innovative concept for smart biomimetic surfaces in maritime coatings and underwater applications, as reported by Wilhelm Barthlott, Thomas Schimmel, and co-workers on p. 2325. [source] The Salvinia Paradox: Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Hydrophilic Pins for Air Retention Under WaterADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 21 2010Wilhelm Barthlott A novel mechanism for long-term air retention under water is found in the sophisticated surface design of the water fern Salvinia. Its floating leaves are evenly covered with complex hydrophobic hairs retaining a layer of air when submerged under water. Surprisingly the terminal cells of the hairs are hydrophilic. These hydrophilic patches stabilize the air layer by pinning the air,water interface. This "Salvinia Effect" provides an innovative concept to develop biomimetic surfaces with long-term air-retention capabilities for under water applications. [source] Irreducibility and structural cointegrating relations: an application to the G-7 long-term interest ratesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE & ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2001Marco R. Barassi C32; C51 Abstract In this paper we examine the causal linkages between the G-7 long-term interest rates by using a new technique, which enables the researcher to analyse relations between a set of I(1) series without imposing any identification conditions based on economic theory. Specifically, we apply the so-called Extended Davidson's Methodology (EDM), which is based on the innovative concept of an irreducible cointegrating (IC) vector, defined as a subset of a cointegrating relation that does not have any cointegrated subsets. Ranking the irreducible vectors according to the criterion of minimum variance allows us to distinguish between structural and solved relations. The empirical results provide support for the hypothesis that larger, more stable economies can achieve policy objectives more successfully by accommodating rather than driving other countries' policies. It appears that the driving force is Canada, which is linked to the USA, UK and France in three out of the four fundamental relations, and which is a reference point for the US, Italian and German rates, which are not cointegrated, seem to be determined by country-specific factors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A dynamic key management solution to access hierarchyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2007Xukai Zou Hierarchical access control (HAC) has been a fundamental problem in computer and network systems. Since Akl and Taylor proposed the first HAC scheme based on number theory in 1983, cryptographic key management techniques for HAC have appeared as a new and promising class of solutions to the HAC problem. Many cryptographic HAC schemes have been proposed in the past two decades. One common feature associated with these schemes is that they basically limited dynamic operations at the node level. In this paper, by introducing the innovative concept of ,access polynomial' and representing a key value as the sum of two polynomials in a finite field, we propose a new key management scheme for dynamic access hierarchy. The newly proposed scheme supports full dynamics at both the node level and user level in a uniform yet efficient manner. Furthermore, the new scheme allows access hierarchy to be a random structure and can be flexibly adapted to many other access models such as ,transfer down' and ,depth-limited transfer'. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Liquid flow in capillary (electro)chromatography: Generation and control of micro- and nanoliter volumesJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 6-7 2003Erdmann Rapp Abstract We describe and discuss instrumental developments in capillary (electro)chromatography which are of particular relevance for generating (and controlling) required volumetric flow rates in the micro- and nanoliter range through packed capillaries. Both isocratic and gradient elution are considered. For capillary HPLC this practically involves only commercial instrumentation, with systems based on syringe or piston pumps, but it also realizes the innovative concept of a high-pressure electrokinetic pump. The numerous systems that have been used to generate electroosmotic flow through chromatographic beds are classified under the following headings: i) basically commercial capillary electrophoresis instruments (adapted for electrochromatography); ii) home-built configurations; and iii) commercial capillary electrochromatography systems. Concerning the reviewed instrumentation, emphasis is placed on feasibility, automation, as well as system-inherent delay times and dead volumes. [source] A z -invariant Rayleigh beacon wavefront sensorMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 3 2001R. Ragazzoni An innovative concept of wavefront sensing for Rayleigh beacons is introduced along with an example of a possible wavefront sensor. This new approach does not require the gating technique to limit the useful range of the laser source and therefore looks simpler to implement than previous Rayleigh concepts, and may additionally allow more efficient use of the photons emitted by the Rayleigh beacon. Our technique is based upon an optical element in the focal plane area whose section does not change for the conjugation of different ranges from the telescope aperture, hence the name z -invariant. The wavefront sensor shown here is an example of this new class. It is a compact pupil-plane wavefront sensor and as such allows for a layer-oriented configuration. It is shown that its sensitivity, while higher than usual gating approaches, is far from the possible limits leading us to speculate that other z -invariant wavefront sensors can reach much larger efficiencies. [source] Fair and Just Culture, Team Behavior, and Leadership Engagement: The Tools to Achieve High ReliabilityHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 4p2 2006Allan S. Frankel Background. Disparate health care provider attitudes about autonomy, teamwork, and administrative operations have added to the complexity of health care delivery and are a central factor in medicine's unacceptably high rate of errors. Other industries have improved their reliability by applying innovative concepts to interpersonal relationships and administrative hierarchical structures (Chandler 1962). In the last 10 years the science of patient safety has become more sophisticated, with practical concepts identified and tested to improve the safety and reliability of care. Objective. Three initiatives stand out as worthy regarding interpersonal relationships and the application of provider concerns to shape operational change: The development and implementation of Fair and Just Culture principles, the broad use of Teamwork Training and Communication, and tools like WalkRounds that promote the alignment of leadership and frontline provider perspectives through effective use of adverse event data and provider comments. Methods. Fair and Just Culture, Teamwork Training, and WalkRounds are described, and implementation examples provided. The argument is made that they must be systematically and consistently implemented in an integrated fashion. Conclusions. There are excellent examples of institutions applying Just Culture principles, Teamwork Training, and Leadership WalkRounds,but to date, they have not been comprehensively instituted in health care organizations in a cohesive and interdependent manner. To achieve reliability, organizations need to begin thinking about the relationship between these efforts and linking them conceptually. [source] IPv6 networks over DVB-RCS satellite systemsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING, Issue 1 2008Ricardo Castellot Lou Abstract Satellite plays an important role in global information infrastructure (GII) and next generation networks (NGNs). Similarly, satellite communication systems have great advantages to support IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) networks as a technology that allows universal access to broadband e-services (audio, video, VPN, etc.). In the context of DVB-S2 (digital video broadcast-satellite) and DVB-RCS (digital video broadcast-return channel via satellite) standards, this paper presents the current SatSix project (satellite-based communications systems within IPv6 networks) within the European 6th Framework Programme, which is implementing innovative concepts and effective solutions (in relation with the economical cost) for broadband satellite systems and services using the technology presented above. This project is promoting the introduction of the IPv6 protocol into satellite-based communication systems. Moreover, through SatSix, the industry is addressing the next generation Internet, IPv6. It also enhances its competitive position in satellite broadband multimedia systems by exploiting the common components defined by the European DVB-S2 and DVB-RCS satellite broadband standards. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Small-volume resuscitation: from experimental evidence to clinical routine.ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2002Advantages, disadvantages of hypertonic solutions Background: The concept of small-volume resuscitatioin (SVR) using hypertonic solutions encompasses the rapid infusion of a small dose (4 ml per kg body weight, i.e. approximately 250 ml in an adult patient) of 7.2,7.5% NaCl/colloid solution. Originally, SVR was aimed for initial therapy of severe hypovolemia and shock associated with trauma. Methods: The present review focusses on the findings concerning the working mechanisms responsible for the rapid onset of the circulatory effect, the impact of the colloid component on microcirculatory resuscitation, and describes the indications for its application in the preclinical scenario as well as perioperatively and in intensive care medicine. Results: With respect to the actual data base of clinical trials SVR seems to be superior to conventional volume therapy with regard to faster normalization of microvascular perfusion during shock phases and early resumption of organ function. Particularly patients with head trauma in association with systemic hypotension appear to benefit. Besides, potential indications for this concept include cardiac and cardiovascular surgery (attenuation of reperfusion injury during declamping phase) and burn injury. The review also describes disadvantaages and potential adverse effects of SVR: Conclusion: Small-volume resuscitation by means of hypertonic NaCl/colloid solutions stands for one of the most innovative concepts for primary resuscitation from trauma and shock established in the past decade. Today the spectrum of potential indications envolves not only prehospital trauma care, but also perioperative and intensive care therapy. [source] | |||||||||||||