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Innervated Muscle (innervated + muscle)
Selected AbstractsEfficient gene transfer from innervated muscle into rat peripheral and central nervous systems using a non-viral haemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome methodJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2003Naoki Kato Abstract We evaluated the feasibility of gene delivery into the peripheral and central nervous systems via retrograde axonal transport following injection of a haemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome-DNA complex vector into an innervated muscle. Transfection efficiency was assessed by measuring luciferase activity, and was compared statistically with that achieved using a liposome-DNA control vector. High luciferase activity was observed in the injected muscle, the ipsilateral sciatic nerve, and the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia on day 1 after gene transfer. The spinal cord also showed luciferase activity, although this was lower than in the other tissues. However, no activity was observed in the contralateral sciatic nerve or the contralateral dorsal root ganglia. In addition, we performed gene transfer twice, with a 1-week interval, to evaluate the feasibility of repeated therapeutic gene delivery. Again, a high transfection efficiency was observed immediately, even after the second gene transfer, and transfection efficiency was significantly higher at each defined time-point using the HVJ-liposome complex vector than using a control vector. These results indicate that this method could be used for repeated therapeutic gene delivery into muscle, nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and possibly spinal cord, without the need for a surgical approach, making it well suited to clinical applications. [source] Anatomical study to investigate the feasibility of pedicled nerve, free vessel gastrocnemius muscle transfer for restoration of biceps functionCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 4 2001Lucy Katharine Cogswell Abstract A challenging problem is the patient with a total brachial plexus injury with nerve root avulsions. In these patients nerve repair is not possible and no local functioning muscles are available for transfer. Current techniques involve either nerve repair using donor nerves from the contralateral limb or free muscle transfer neurotized by intercostal nerves. The problem with both these techniques is that they are dependent on neural regeneration, which is imperfect. To overcome the problem we propose a technique of transferring a distant muscle whilst retaining its neural supply. Gastrocnemius is a strong muscle and one suitable for free tissue transfer. This study assessed the possibility of transferring gastrocnemius on its neural supply by determining the length of nerve available and whether it was possible to dissect the nerve to gastrocnemius from the main body of the sciatic nerve. We found that the latter was possible, and that the length of dissected nerve would allow transfer of the innervated muscle from the calf to the axilla. Clin. Anat. 14:242,245, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Expression Profile of Myogenic Transcription Factors in Satellite Cells from Denervated Rat MuscleBRAIN PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Annette Maier; The muscle-specific transcription factors of the MyoD family are altered after denervation. In order to determine whether this shift takes place in satellite cells (SC), we investigated the expression pattern of MyoD, myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 in SC. Hindlimb muscles of rats were denervated for 2 days to 4 weeks. SC were isolated, pooled and the transcription of all 4 factors was assessed by RT-PCR. Protein expression was assessed in histological sections of soleus and anterior tibial (TA) muscles; SC were identified by M-cadherin. Pooled SC from innervated muscles expressed myf5 mRNA, and very weakly MyoD and myogenin mRNA. MyoD and myogenin protein was found in only few SC. After denervation, pooled SC expressed myf5 mRNA, and very weakly myogenin and MRF4 mRNA. Myogenin protein was found in less than about 10% of the cells, whereas MRF4 protein was absent from SC. We conclude that the presence of myf5 and the absence of MyoD and MRF4 protein in SC after denervation indicated the quiescent state of the cell cycle. A subset of SC has additionally acquired myogenin. SC after denervation might be less easily recruited into the mitotic cycle than SC from normal muscle, rendering regeneration of denervated muscle less efficient than normal muscle. [source] | ||||||||||