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Injection Group (injection + group)
Selected AbstractsEvaluation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor response following nociceptive stimulation of latent myofascial trigger points in humansACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 4 2009Y. Kimura Abstract Aim:, Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are a major cause of musculoskeletal pain. It has been reported that stimulation of a latent MTrP increases motor activity and facilitates muscle pain via activation of the sympathetic nervous system. However, the magnitude of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response following stimulation of MTrP has not been studied in healthy volunteers. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the magnitude of the vasoconstrictor response following a nociceptive stimulation (intramuscular glutamate) of MTrPs and a breath-hold manoeuvre (activation of sympathetic outflow) and (2) assess whether the vasoconstrictor response can be further modulated by combining a nociceptive stimulation of MTrPs and breath-hold. Methods:, Fourteen healthy subjects were recruited in this study. This study consisted of four sessions (normal breath group as control, breath-hold group, glutamate MTrP injection group and glutamate MTrP injection + breath-hold group). Skin blood flow and skin temperature in both forearms were measured with laser Doppler flowmetry and infrared thermography, respectively, in each session (before the treatment, during the treatment and after the treatment). Results:, Glutamate injection into MTrPs decreased skin temperature and blood flow in the peripheral area. The magnitudes of the reduction were comparable to those induced by the breath-hold manoeuvre, which has been used to induce sympathetic vasoconstrictor response. Conclusion:, The combination of glutamate injection into latent MTrPs together with the breath-hold manoeuvre did not result in further decrease in skin temperature and blood flow, indicating that sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity is fully activated by nociceptive stimulation of MTrPs. [source] Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and its association with hepatitis B, C, and D virus infections among incarcerated male substance abusers in TaiwanJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 6 2009Fang-Yeh Chu Abstract Taiwan has been facing a rising epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection since 2004. Injection drug users comprised 38.5% of accumulated HIV cases by 2007. This cross-sectional study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and HIV infection in 753 male substance users who were detained in a detoxification center in Taoyuan, Taiwan. The subjects were enrolled into the study consecutively between February and October, 2005. The seroprevalence rates of HIV antibodies, HCV antibodies, and HBV surface antigens among all subjects, and HDV antibodies among HBV carriers were 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.19,8.95), 30.5% (95% CI: 27.23,33.93), 16.9% (95% CI: 14.24,19.71) and 13.7% (95% CI: 8.19,21.04), respectively. Subjects in the heroin injection group had significantly higher rates of HIV infection, HCV infection and HDV superinfection (25.5%, 89.6%, and 38.7%) than those in the heroin non-injection group (0.9%, 24.5%, and 6.25%), the methamphetamine group (0.3%, 8.1%, and 6.7%), and the club drug group (1%, 3%, and 0%; P,<,0.001). The odds of HCV, HIV, or HDV infection were 74.7, 63.8, and 11.1 higher, respectively, for heroin injection drug users than for non-injection drug users (P,<,0.0001). Compared to HIV-negative individuals, the odds of being a heroin injector and the odds of HCV co-infections were 64-fold and 149-fold higher, respectively, in HIV-positive individuals. The impact of HBV, HCV, and HDV infection on the HIV epidemic in Taiwan should be monitored closely. J. Med. Virol. 81:973,978, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Hyaluronan suppressed nitric oxide production in the meniscus and synovium of rabbit osteoarthritis modelJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001Kenji Takahashi Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in cartilage degeneration, and NO donors induce meniscus degeneration and synovium inflammation. This study evaluated the effect of intraarticular injections of hyaluronan (HA) on NO production in meniscus and synovium using an experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), and were divided into three groups. Four weeks after ACLT, the HA group started to receive intraarticular HA injections once a week for 5 weeks; the vehicle group started to receive the carrier of HA; and the no injection group, no treatment. All ACLT knees were harvested at the 9th week. Meniscus and synovium sections were examined by immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine. The pieces of these two tissues were cultured for 24 h. Culture supernatants were analyzed for nitrite concentration. The amount of NO produced by the meniscus was much larger than that produced by the synovium. NO productions in the meniscus and synovium of the HA group were significantly lower than those of the other groups. The results suggest that the inhibition of NO production in meniscus and synovium might be a part of the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of HA on OA. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [source] Intradermal radioisotope injection is superior to subdermal injection for the identification of the sentinel node in breast cancer patientsJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Kazuyoshi Motomura MD Abstract Background and Objectives The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the intradermal injection of radiocolloids would improve the identification rate of sentinel nodes over the subdermal injection in breast cancer patients. Methods Sentinel node biopsy was performed in T2 breast cancer patients with clinically negative nodes, using subdermal or intradermal injection of radioisotopes with the peritumoral dye injection. We used Tc-99m tin colloid, with a larger particle size (0.4,5 ,m), rather than sulfur colloid and colloidal albumin. Results The initial 55 patients underwent subdermal injection of radiocolloids; the next 61 patients underwent intradermal injection of radiocolloids for sentinel node biopsy. The detection rate of sentinel nodes was significantly (P,=,0.048) higher in the intradermal injection group (61/61, 100%) than in the subdermal injection group (51/55, 92.7%). False-negative rates were comparable between the two groups. Lymphoscintigraphy visualized the sentinel nodes significantly (P,<,0.0001) more often in the intradermal injection group (59/61, 96.7%) than in the subdermal injection group (20/54, 37.0%). Conclusions A significantly higher identification rate of sentinel node biopsy and lymphoscintigraphy can be achieved by intradermal injection of Tc-99m tin colloid with a large particle size than by subdermal injection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:91,97. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Lack of Toll-like receptor 4 decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption in C3H/HeJ mice in vivoMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008H. Nakamura Introduction:, Few in vivo studies have demonstrated whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is indispensable for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption and little is known about the receptor activator of nuclear factor-,B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression induced by LPS under conditions of lack of TLR4. Methods:, We compared bone resorption histomorphometrically in C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice that were repeatedly injected with Actinobacillus actionmycetemcomitans LPS into their gingiva every 48 h. RANKL-, interleukin-1,- and OPG-positive cells in the connective tissue were also compared immunohistochemically. Results:, Bone resorption in C3H/HeJ mice in the fourth, seventh, and tenth injection groups was significantly less than that C3H/HeN mice (P < 0.05). The number of RANKL-positive cells in C3H/HeJ mice in the 10th injection group was significantly smaller than that in C3H/HeN mice (P < 0.05). The numbers of interleukin-1,-positive cells in C3H/HeJ mice in the seventh and tenth injection groups were significantly decreased compared with those in C3H/HeN mice (P < 0.05). The numbers of OPG-positive cells in C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice gradually increased, but there was no significant difference between the two strains of mice. Conclusion:, TLR4 is indispensable for LPS-induced bone resorption in vivo. [source] Embryo development of porcine oocytes after injection with miniature pig sperm and their extractsANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Daizou MATSUURA ABSTRACT This study examined embryo development of porcine oocytes after microinjection of sperm extracts (SE) in porcine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). SE was prepared from miniature pig sperm by a nonionic surfactant, and various concentrations (0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mg/mL) of SE were injected into the matured oocytes with a first polar body. In the pronuclear stage, the rate of oocytes with two pronuclei and a second polar body (21.4%) in the sperm and SE (0.04 mg/mL) injection group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to other groups. The rate of 2,4-cell stage in sperm and SE (0.04 mg/mL) injection group was 38.1%, and it was significantly higher than that in the sperm injection group (22.9%). The rate of blastocyst stage in sperm and SE (0.04 mg/mL) injection group was 21.4%, the value was significantly higher than those in SE (0.08 mg/mL) injection group (0%), sperm injection group (5.7%), and sperm and SE (0.08 mg/mL) injection group (2.6%). These results suggest that SE induces activation of porcine oocytes and their further embryonic development, and that SE is effective for porcine ICSI. [source] | |||||||||||||