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Injection Dose (injection + dose)
Selected AbstractsTreatment of glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit): a clinical overviewJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 2010B Rzany Abstract Azzalure (Galderma) is a newly approved European botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) specifically designed for aesthetic usages. It is sourced from Dysport (Ipsen Ltd.), which has a 20-year product consistency and has been used widely for various therapeutic and aesthetic applications. Azzalure and Dysport are collectively referred to as BoNT-A (Speywood Unit; s.U) (or abobotulinumtoxinA in the U.S.) after their biological activity unit, which is unique and not interchangeable with units of other commercial BoNT-A preparations. Azzalure is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines, with a total dose of 50 s.U distributed evenly among 5 injection points. To ensure optimal treatment outcomes with BoNT-A (s.U), it is crucial for injectors to adopt proper methods of reconstitution and injection, which can be acquired through training. We review here the method of reconstitution for BoNT-A (s.U), as well as the injection dose, points and techniques for glabellar line treatment. We also review the efficacy and safety results of BoNT-A (s.U) demonstrated in 11 clinical studies, most of which were randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. The studies included assessments after single injections as well as after up to 6 repeated treatment sessions. We summarize the clinical efficacy results, which include the responder rate 1 month post-injection, onset of response and duration of action, as well as safety results, which include incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events and specifically eyelid ptosis. The efficacy and safety profiles reported here are unique to BoNT-A (s.U) and cannot be generalized to other BoNT-A products. [source] Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a direct switch from conventional depot to risperidone long-acting injection in Chinese patients with schizophrenic and schizoaffective disordersPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 4 2009Ying-Ching Lai md Aims:, This 12-week open-label study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a direct switch from a conventional depot to long-acting injectable risperidone in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Methods:, Men or women from 18 to 65 years old with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were eligible for participation if they had been treated with conventional depot for at least 8 weeks before study entry. Intramuscular long-acting risperidone was administered starting from 25 mg, with the dose flexibly adjusted every two weeks for 12 weeks from week 4. Results:, Of the 25 patients enrolled in this study, 21 completed at least one post-baseline assessment and were thus included in the analysis. The mean serum concentration of risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone was 29.1 ng/mL at the 12th week after switching, with an average injection dose of 31.25 mg long-acting risperidone every two weeks. The levels of active moiety of risperidone seemed to be higher in Chinese patients compared to those in Caucasian patients. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores (from 67.5 to 56.4; P = 0.002), scores for negative symptoms (P = 0.006) and general symptoms (P = 0.001) were improved significantly 12 weeks after the switch. Mean Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale scores were improved significantly from 20.1 to 5.5 (P < 0.001). Significantly decreased levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were found at the 12th week. The levels of fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and bodyweight remained unchanged. Conclusions:, These findings suggest that switching from conventional depot to long-acting risperidone is feasible with the advantage of symptom reduction and side-effect profile decrement. [source] Local injection of botulinum toxin A for palmar hyperhidrosis: Usefulness and efficacy in relation to severityTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Noriko YAMASHITA ABSTRACT Botulinum toxin A is widely used in Europe and the USA for the treatment of localized hyperhidrosis, and its efficacy has been recognized. In this study, botulinum toxin A (Botox) was locally injected at 30 sites (2 U/injection) on the right palm in 27 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis (14 severe patients, 13 mild patients), and the results confirmed the efficacy of injection. The amount of sweat was then quantified for the left and right hands every month after local injection. The quantity of sweat on the treated hand was approximately one-fifth that on the untreated hand. In addition, the quantity of sweat on the untreated hand decreased slightly. Over time, the quantity of sweat on the treated hand increased slightly, but the quantity of sweat on the treated hand at 6 months after injection was less than half that before injection, and there were significant differences before and after injection. In the present study, severe sweating was defined as 1 mg/cm2/min or more and mild sweating as less than 1 mg/cm2/min, and the therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin A were analyzed in relation to severity. When compared to the mild cases, the quantity of sweat remained higher in the severe cases after botulinum toxin A therapy. Therefore, to achieve satisfactory effects in severe cases, it would be necessary to increase the number of injection sites, as well as injection dose. [source] Therapeutic effect of subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab in the treatment of corneal neovascularizationACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 6 2009In-Cheon You Abstract. Purpose:, To investigate the efficacy of subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with corneal neovascularization. Methods:, Twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with corneal neovascularization were treated with subconjunctival injection [1.25 mg/0.05 ml (seven eyes), 2.5 mg/0.1 ml (15 eyes) and 5.0 mg/0.2 ml (seven eyes)] of bevacizumab. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and area of corneal neovascularization were measured before injection and at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after treatment. Results:, At 1 week, the mean neovascularized corneal area decreased significantly to 85.5 ± 18.0% (p = 0.01) in the eyes treated with 2.5 mg bevacizumab and to 73.1 ± 23.4% (p = 0.02) in the eyes treated with 5.0 mg bevacizumab. At 3 months, the mean neovascularized corneal area was 93.6 ± 10.6% (p = 0.10 compared to baseline; p < 0.01 compared to 1 week) in the eyes treated with 2.5 mg bevacizumab and 83.3 ± 25.8% (p = 0.03 compared to baseline; p = 0.02 compared to 1 week) in the eyes treated with 5.0 mg bevacizumab. However, there were no significant changes in the areas of the eyes injected with 1.25 mg bevacizumab. Conclusion:, Subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab can partially reduce corneal neovascularization in the short term, and the efficacy of this treatment correlates with the injection dose. [source] | ||||||||||