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Initiation Stage (initiation + stage)
Selected AbstractsObservations of initiation stage of spontaneous vapor explosions for droplet scaleHEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 1 2008Takeo Takashima Abstract In this study, the initiation stage of spontaneous vapor explosions generated by single droplets of molten tin submerged in water was investigated using a high- speed video camera operated with a reflected light system. Photographs of the formation process of vapor film, the process of vapor film disturbance, and the initiation process of the vapor explosions for different masses of molten tin and different nozzle diameters were obtained. The results demonstrate that partial thermal interaction between tin and water does not cause a vapor explosion with fragmentation. The vapor film disappears locally during the formation of the vapor film around the hot liquid droplet. Direct contact between the hot molten tin surface and water is thereby generated. However, the local disappearance of the vapor film does not progress and the vapor film is reconstructed. A vapor explosion occurs when the vapor film collapses at the local area of the bottom or edge of the disk-shaped droplet. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(1): 41,55, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20185 [source] Relevance between lipid metabolism-associated genes and rat liver regenerationHEPATOLOGY RESEARCH, Issue 8 2008Cunshuan Xu Aim:, Lipids are important in constituting cell structure and participating in many biological processes, particularly in energy supplementation to cells. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the action of lipid metabolism-associated genes on rat liver regeneration (LR). Methods:, Lipid metabolism-associated genes were obtained by collecting website data and retrieving related articles, and their expression changes in the regenerating rat liver were checked by the Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. Results:, In total, 280 genes involved in lipid metabolism were proven to be LR-associated by comparing the gene expression discrepancy between the partial-hepatectomy and sham-operation groups. The initial and total expression numbers of these genes occurring in the initial phase, G0/G1 transition, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and structure,functional rebuilding of LR were 128, 33, 135, 6, and 267, 147, 1026, 306, respectively, illustrating that these genes were initially expressed mainly in the initiation stage and functioned in different phases. Upregulation (850 times) and downregulation (749 times), as well as 25 types of expression patterns, showed that the physiological and biochemical activities were diverse and complicated in LR. Conclusion:, According to the results of the chip detection, it was presumed that fatty acid synthesis at 24,66 h, leukotriene and androgen synthesis at 16,168 h, prostaglandin synthesis at 2,96 h, triglyceride synthesis at 18,24 h, glycosphingolipid synthesis at 0.5,66 h, metabolism of phosphatidyl inositol and sphingomyelin at 2,16 h, and cholesterol catabolism at 30,168 h were enhanced. Throughout almost the whole LR, the genes participating in estrogen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone synthesis, and triglyceride catabolism were upregulated, while phospholipid and glycosphingolipid catabolism were downregulated. [source] Transport of Mitochondria During AxonogenesisIUBMB LIFE, Issue 6 2000Vadim N. Dedov Abstract The cellular mechanisms involved in axonogenesis are still unclear. In the present work we found that formation of neurites in cultured neonatal dorsal root ganglion neurons co-incided with the redistribution of highly charged mitochondria. Radially distributed in subplasmalemmal space 3 h after plating, highly charged mitochondria formed clusters in the hillocks of predominant neurites during the next 24?48 h and then redistributed into the axons. These results provide evidence that accumulation of a critical mass of charged mitochondria at the site of the future axonal hillock may represent the slow initiation stage of axonogenesis, followed by a fast growth phase. [source] Effect of Secondary Salinization on Photosynthesis in Fodder Oat (Avena sativa L.) GenotypesJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 1 2000A. Chatrath The effect of secondary salinization on photosynthesis was studied in fodder oat genotypes Kent, JHO-829, JHO-881, UPO-94 and OS-6 at the flower initiation stage. With an increase in the electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation water, the net photosynthesis rate (PN) and the transpiration rate (E) of all the genotypes decreased. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased in all genotypes at 10 dS m,1. Stomatal resistance (Rs) had a strong negative correlation with PN and E. The increase in Ci together with the increase in the Rs shows that at higher EC non-stomatal factors also start contributing to the limitation of photosynthesis. This study suggests that secondary salinization effects are strongly under stomatal control at lower saline water irrigation levels, but at higher levels non-stomatal factors may come into play. [source] Screening for Drought Resistance of Rice Recombinant Inbred Populations in the FieldJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 10 2007Gui-Hua Zou Abstract In a 2-year experiment, 187 genotypes were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions, imposed at panicle initiation stage. The relationship of genotypic variation in yield under drought conditions to potential yield, heading date and flowering delay, reduction in plant height, and to a drought response index (DRI) was detected. Grain yield under drought stress conditions was associated with yield under well-watered conditions (r = 0.47**, and r = 0.61** during 2 years of tests). The delay of heading date ranged from ,1 (no delay) to 24 days, and was negatively associated with grain yield (r = ,0.40*), spikelet fertility percentage (r = ,0.40**), harvest index (r = ,0.58**), but positively associated with yield reduction percentage (r = 0.60**). The reduction in plant height was negatively associated with grain yield (r = ,0.24**, and r = ,0.29**), spikelet fertility percentage (r = ,0.23**, and r = ,0.21*), harvest index (r = ,0.37**, and r = ,0.54**), and positively associated with yield reduction percentage (r = 0.58**, and r = 0.58**) in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The DRI of genotypes was strongly associated with grain yield (r = 0.87**, and r = 0.77**), fertility percentage (r = 0.66** and r = 0.54**), harvest index (r = 0.67** and r = 0.61**), and negatively associated with grain reduction percentage (r = ,0.70**, and r = ,0.73**) under drought stress. The results indicate that genotypes with drought resistance can be identified by measuring yield potential, delay in flowering, reduction in plant height, or DRI under test environments of well-watered and drought stress. [source] The response of mammals to forest fire and timber harvest in the North American boreal forestMAMMAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2005JASON T. FISHER ABSTRACT 1.,This paper reviews and compares the effects of forest fire and timber harvest on mammalian abundance and diversity, throughout successional time in the boreal forest of North America. 2.,Temporal trends in mammal abundance and diversity are generally similar for both harvested and burned stands, with some differences occurring in the initiation stage (0,10 years post disturbance). 3.,Small mammals and ungulates are most abundant immediately post disturbance, and decrease as stands age. Lynxes and hares utilize mid-successional stands, but are rare in young and old stands. Bats, arboreal sciurids and mustelids increase in abundance with stand age, and are most abundant in old growth. 4.,Substantial gaps in the data exist for carnivores; the response of these species to fire and harvest requires research, as predator,prey interactions can affect mammal community structure in both early and late successional stages. 5.,The lack of explicit treatment of in-stand forest structure post disturbance, in the reviewed literature made comparisons difficult. Where forest structure was considered, the presence of downed woody material, live residual trees and standing dead wood were shown to facilitate convergence of mammal communities to a pre-disturbance state for both disturbance types. 6.,Mammalian assemblages differed considerably between successional stages, emphasizing the importance of maintaining stands of each successional stage on the landscape when implementing forest management strategies. [source] | ||||||||||