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Initial Session (initial + session)
Selected AbstractsExperience and training as determinants of grading reliability when assessing the severity of contact lens complicationsOPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 2 2003Nathan Efron Abstract Purpose: A study was conducted to investigate the influence of experience and training on grading reliability when assessing the severity of contact lens complications. Methods: Twenty-three optometry students who were unfamiliar with the use of grading scales each used the Efron Grading Tutor computer program to ascertain grading reliability at an ,initial' experimental session and a ,final' session 3 weeks later. Twelve subjects (the ,trained' group) were given a tutorial on grading techniques and were asked to complete two grading exercises between the initial and final sessions. The other 11 subjects (the ,untrained' group) received no such training between the two sessions. Differences in grading reliability between the initial and final grading sessions were evaluated. Results: Grading reliability was superior (lower) for the combined subject cohort at the final session (mean ± standard deviation 0.33 ± 0.12) compared with the initial session (0.46 ± 0.25) (p = 0.004). However, there was no difference in the improvement in grading reliability between the two groups. Conclusions: ,Grading reliability improves statistically with some experience, although perhaps not to a clinically meaningful extent. No added benefit can be derived from supplemental training. [source] Treatment of Lifelong Vaginismus in Traditional Islamic Couples: A Prospective StudyTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009Aziz Yasan MD ABSTRACT Introduction., As sexual values and the meaning of sexuality are culturally dependent, the efficacy of sex therapy models may not necessarily be similar across cultures. Aim., The aim was to address two questions; the first was to identify whether a group of patients with lifelong vaginismus living in traditional Islamic culture benefited from the sex therapy. The second question addressed was how Muslim culture affects sex therapy in the treatment of vaginismus. Methods., Data were obtained from all patients with lifelong vaginismus who attended an outpatient clinic in the course of 1 year. Forty-four couples were investigated in the initial session. Thirty-six couples who completed the treatment were assessed after 3 months. Main Outcome Measures., In the final evaluation, pleasurable full vaginal penetration after active penile insertion was accepted as a successful outcome treatment for the present study. Results., In the study, 36 patients who had completed treatment were determined, 29 of whom had successful outcome of treatment, while eight dropped out. The model building process variable resulted in "married by matchmaker without consent (OR = 0.060, CI = 0.046,0.771, P = 0.031)" and "not allowing pelvic examination (OR = 0.124, CI = 0.016,0.941, P = 0.044)" as negative predictors for successful outcome of treatment. Conclusion., Sex therapy is a feasible method of treatment for vaginismus within the cultural environment investigated, although some modifications may be needed in some setting such as for those married by matchmaker without their consent. Yasan A, and Akdeniz N. Treatment of lifelong vaginismus in traditional Islamic couples: A prospective study. J Sex Med **;**:**,**. [source] Theta reset produces optimal conditions for long-term potentiationHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 6 2004Holly McCartney Abstract Connections among theta rhythm, long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory in hippocampus are suggested by previous research, but definitive links are yet to be established. We investigated the hypothesis that resetting of local hippocampal theta to relevant stimuli in a working memory task produces optimal conditions for induction of LTP. The timings of the peak and trough of the first wave of reset theta were determined in initial sessions and used to time stimulation (4 pulses, 200 Hz) during subsequent performance. Stimulation on the peak of stimulus-reset theta produced LTP while stimulation on the trough did not. These results suggest that a memory-relevant stimulus produces a phase shift of ongoing theta rhythm that induces optimal conditions for the stimulus to undergo potentiation. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] For the child's sake: parents and social workers discuss conflict-filled parental relations after divorceCHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 2 2001Hydén After a divorce, the former partners have to form new relationships between themselves as parents, and with their children. What does this reconstruction involve? What are the tasks facing the parents? What are the areas of conflict? This paper attempts to answer these questions. Eight initial sessions of parental mediation were chosen for the analysis. The analysis indicates that statements about the ways in which parents are entitled to their children, and vice versa, are common denominators for the transition from nuclear family parenting to post-nuclear family parenting. In the sessions, parents dealt with this duty by fighting a battle for a place in the children's lives. The battles were expressed in negotiations about time and place. The analysis revealed two different solutions to the problem of the parents' entitlements. One was the creation of the homogeneous family, with one parent and the children living together in a close relationship, giving the other parent visiting rights. The other was to form a heterogeneous family, based on the idea that it is possible to build a childhood on differences and dissimilarities. Most of the conflicts originated from parents' efforts to create homogeneous families. [source] | ||||||||||