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Initial Recommendations (initial + recommendation)
Selected AbstractsAn analysis of capital expenses and performance trade-offs among IMS CSCF deployment optionsBELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008Anne Lee Service providers around the world are deploying or planning to deploy the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in their core networks. IMS allows the delivery of new multimedia applications that can enhance the user's experience and bring in new revenue for the operators. These operators are now faced with deciding how to best deploy the various IMS functional elements in their networks. In this paper, the authors provide a survey of the various options available to the operators and present an analysis of some of those deployment options. In particular, the paper addresses questions around the advantages and disadvantages of centralizing or distributing control functions such as the call session control function (CSCF) in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX) costs and latency trade-offs. Without the proper deployment strategy, there can be major differences in the overall cost of the network and therefore it is important to perform such an analysis. Initial recommendations and general observations are given that can assist network planners and operators to more efficiently develop an IMS deployment strategy. Further analysis and study that includes operational expenditure (OPEX) costs should also be factored into the final decision. © 2008 Alcatel-Lucent. [source] Clinic in the Air?JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2008A Retrospective Study of Medical Emergency Calls From A Major International Airline Background There is a high likelihood of a medical professional being onboard the aircraft at the time of emergency. Therefore, a health-care professional should be familiar with in-flight medical events and how to deal with them. Methods I present a 12-month retrospective study of medical distress calls from a major Asian international airline for which International SOS provided in-flight telemedical assistance. All the calls from the airplane to our center were analyzed from January 1, 2006, to January 1, 2007. The number of recommended diversions, availability of a medical professional, the range of medical problems, and used medications were considered. Results Overall, there were 191 in-flight air-to-ground consultations. Twenty-three (12.04%) calls were made for pediatric problems, with the youngest patient being 9 months old. Gastrointestinal complaints and simple faints comprised 50.2% of all calls. Most of the in-flight problems were successfully treated symptomatically with the initial recommendation to lie the patient down and administer oxygen. Metoclopramide, stemetil, loperamide, and buscopan were the most often administered drugs. A doctor was onboard in 45.5% of all calls. A recommendation to divert the aircraft was made in six (3.1%) cases. Conclusions Although developments in telemedical assistance and the content of a medical kit make the management of potential in-flight medical emergency much easier, they will never turn a commercial aircraft into a flying clinic. Preflight check-in screening by airlines and encouraging future air travelers with health concerns to seek medical help before flying should be recommended. [source] Conundrums of competitive ability in plants: what to measure?OIKOS, Issue 3 2002LonnieW. A survey of recent literature indicates that competitive ability in plants has been measured, in most studies, only in terms of the relative intensity of size suppression experienced by competitors within one growing season. Far fewer studies have recorded relative success in terms of survival and even fewer studies have recorded fecundity under competition. Differences in size suppression are usually assumed to reflect differences in relative abilities to deny resources to competitors. However, most previous studies have failed to control or account for other sources of variation in the size suppression that plants experience under competition, i.e. variation between mixtures in the resource supply/demand ratio (approach to carrying capacity), or variation in the degree of niche overlap between competitors, or variation in the intensity of concurrent facilitative interactions between competitors. For future studies, much greater caution is required in recognizing these inherent limitations of traditional measures of competitive ability and, hence, guarding against unfounded conclusions or predictions about potential for competitive success that are based on these measures. There is also a significant challenge for future studies to adopt empirical approaches for minimizing these limitations. Some initial recommendations are considered here based on an emerging view of competitive ability measured in terms of traits associated with all three conventional components of Darwinian fitness, i.e. not just growth (plant size) but also survival and fecundity allocation (offspring production per unit plant size per unit time). According to this model, differences in competitive ability imply differences in the ability, despite intense competition (i.e. low resource supply/demand ratio), to recruit offspring into the next generation and thereby limit offspring recruitment by other plants. The important traits of competitive ability, therefore, are not only those that allow a plant to deny resources to competitors, suppress their sizes and hence, maximize the plant's own size, but also those traits that allow the plant to withstand suppression from competition enough to persist, both as an individual (through survival) and across generations (through descendants). [source] Theoretical discourse on sustainable space design: towards creating and sustaining effective sidewalksBUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 5 2005Iderlina Mateo-Babiano Abstract Users are a potential source of behavioral change when led to experience alternative design strategies that aim to encourage a more sustainable lifestyle. Thus, ,sustainability-oriented' street design takes on an active role in creating spaces that cater to users by considering the whole spectrum of pedestrian needs, considering the users' historical and cultural diversity in the development of a more responsive street regulation and standards and incorporating the two interacting spatial components: movement, satisfying the basic need for mobility; and non-movement, complementing movement to achieve a more effective and sustainable space. The paper will touch on the dichotomy of space perception between the East and the West, based on the premise that city morphology has been influenced largely by its ecology, resulting in two city formations: the organic city form and the planned city system. It will wrap up with initial recommendations on achieving a more context-sensitive design. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Development of the Capacity Necessary to Perform and Promote Knowledge Translation Research in Emergency MedicineACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2007Peter S. Dayan MD Knowledge translation (KT) research in emergency medicine (EM) is in its infancy, and few EM investigators have the skills needed to perform KT research. Furthermore, the capacity to perform such KT research is underdeveloped in the field of EM. This consensus group used an iterative process to set forth initial recommendations and suggest methods for the development of EM KT research capacity. We have emphasized the need to form sustainable linkages, particularly between EM researchers and KT scientists, and to educate EM researchers in KT research methods to help create and sustain a culture of KT in our field. EM KT researchers must also engage local and national organizations and stakeholders to fund and promote KT research. Finally, we see the need to further develop and support EM research networks, as these networks will be both the clinical laboratories in which to perform the KT research and the incubators for the development of EM KT research experts. [source] | ||||||||||