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Initial Prediction (initial + prediction)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

A quantitative identification technique for a two-dimensional subsurface defect based on surface temperature measurement

HEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 4 2009
Chunli Fan
Abstract The inverse identification of a subsurface defect boundary is an important part of an inverse heat conduction problem, and is also the basis for the quantitative development of a nondestructive thermographic inspection technique. For the commonly encountered quantitative thermographic defect identification problem when the test piece is heated from one part of the outer boundary, our previous study showed that some parts of the defect boundary are sensitive to the initial defect boundary prediction of the conjugate gradient method. In this paper, the heat transfer mechanism inside a test piece with this problem is analyzed by building a two-dimensional model. A new method, the multiple measurements combination method (MMCM), is also presented which combines the identification algorithm study with the optimization of the thermographic detection technique to solve the problem. Numerical experiments certified the effectiveness of the present method. The temperature measurement error and the initial prediction of the defect boundary shape have little effect on the identification result. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20251 [source]

Effect of the Environmental Factors on the Caloric Content of Benthic and Phytophilous Invertebrates in Neotropical Reservoirs in the Paraná State, Brazil

INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Yara Moretto Bagatini
Abstract The complexity of the relations between the organisms and the environment are reflected through the energy content. So we tested the hypothesis on body energy content variation in invertebrates and its relation with some environmental factors (season, habitat type, trophic status and trophic guild). We expected higher energy values for phytophilous fauna, rainy season, in reservoirs with higher trophic levels and for herbivorous invertebrates. The results showed the influence of seasonality and trophic status of the reservoir on the energy content of invertebrates, which was higher in the rainy season and in the mesotrophic reservoirs, due to the input of allochthonous material during this season, confirming our initial prediction. A higher caloric content was recorded for carnivorous and detritivorous invertebrates. The differences between the trophic guilds were primarily related to the opportunistic feeding behavior, which may be considered as one of the main factors controlling the energy flow of benthic and phytophilous invertebrates. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Tailoring orthogonal proteomic routines to understand protein separation during ion exchange chromatography

JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 13 2008
Rosa Cabrera
Abstract Surface charge, molecular weight, and folding state are known to influence protein chromatographic behaviour onto ion exchangers. Experimentally, information related to such factors can be gathered via 2-DE methods. The application of 2-D PAGE under denaturing/reducing conditions was already shown to reveal separation trends within a large protein population from cell extracts. However, ion-exchange chromatography normally runs under native conditions. A tailored protocol consisting in a first separation based on IEF on ImmobilineTM strips under native conditions followed by a second dimension SDS-PAGE run was adopted. The chromatographic versus electrophoretic separation behaviours of two model proteins, thaumatin (TAU) and BSA, were compared to better understand which proteomic routine would be better suited to anticipate IEX chromatographic separations. It was observed that the information contained in the pI value obtained with the adapted 2-DE protocol showed better correlation with the IEX chromatographic behaviour. On the other hand, chromatographic separations performed in the presence of urea as a denaturant have demonstrated the potential influence of hydrodynamic radius/conformation on protein separation. Moreover, the information provided by such 2-D system correlated well with the chromatographic behaviour of an additional set of pure proteins. An initial prediction of protein ion-exchange chromatographic behaviour could be possible utilizing an experimental approach based on 2-DE running under milder chemical conditions. This technique provides information that more closely resembles the separation behaviour observed with a complex biotechnological feedstock. [source]

Testing phylogeographic predictions on an active volcanic island: Brachyderes rugatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on La Palma (Canary Islands)

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
BRENT C. EMERSON
Abstract Volcanic islands with well-characterized geological histories can provide ideal templates for generating and testing phylogeographic predictions. Many studies have sought to utilize these to investigate patterns of colonization and speciation within groups of closely related species across a number of islands. Here we focus attention within a single volcanic island with a well-characterized geological history to develop and test phylogeographic predictions. We develop phylogeographic predictions within the island of La Palma of the Canary Islands and test these using 69 haplotypes from 570 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase II sequence data for 138 individuals of Brachyderes rugatus rugatus, a local endemic subspecies of curculionid beetle occurring throughout the island in the forests of Pinus canariensis. Although geological data do provide some explanatory power for the phylogeographic patterns found, our network-based analyses reveal a more complicated phylogeographic history than initial predictions generated from data on the geological history of the island. Reciprocal illumination of geological and phylogeographic history is also demonstrated with previous geological speculation gaining phylogeographic corroboration from our analyses. [source]