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In Translation (in + translation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	38%
Chemistry	14%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	14%
Psychology	9%
Life Sciences	9%
3 Other Domains	16%

Kinds of In Translation

lost in translation

Selected Abstracts

Traces of the Flâneuse

JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION, Issue 1 2006
From Roman Holiday to Lost In Translation
This article critically considers the trope of the nineteenth-century flâneur/flâneuse as found in two films: Roman Holiday (William Wyler, 1953) and Lost in Translation (Sofia Coppola, 2003). Both films construct a traditional narrative from the adventures of a single female protagonist as she negotiates urban space. In tracing the references to the flâneur/the flanuese as found in these two films, one can begin to map a certain trajectory of contemporary gender relations in respect to urban space from the post,World War II era to the present, as well as to understand the context in which the "city" itself is seen as a site for such transformations. [source]

Lost in Translation: A Multi-Level Case Study of the Metamorphosis of Meanings and Action in Public Sector Organizational Innovation

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 1 2006
Catherine Pope
This paper explores the early implementation of an organizational innovation in the UK National Health Service (NHS) , Treatment Centres (TCs) , designed to dramatically reduce waiting lists for elective care. The paper draws on case studies of 8 TCs (each at varying stages of their development) and aims to explore how meanings about TCs are created and evolve, and how these meanings impact upon the development of the organizational innovation. Research on organizational meanings needs to take greater account of the fact that modern organizations like the NHS are complex multi-level phenomena, comprising layers of interlacing networks. To understand the pace, direction and impact of organizational innovation and change we need to study the interconnections between meanings across different organizational levels. The data presented in this paper show how the apparently simple, relatively unformed, concept of a TC framed by central government is translated and transmuted by subsequent layers in the health service administration, and by players in local health economies, and, ultimately, in the TCs themselves, picking up new rationales, meanings and significance as it goes along. The developmental histories of TCs reveal a range of significant re-workings of macro policy with the result that there is considerable diversity and variation between local TC schemes. The picture is of important disconnections between meanings, that in many ways mirror Weick's (1976) 'loosely coupled systems'. The emergent meanings and the direction of micro-level development of TCs appear more strongly determined by interactions within the local TC environment, notably between what we identify as groups of 'idealists', 'pragmatists', 'opportunists' and 'sceptics' than by the framing (Goffman 1974) provided by macro and meso organizational levels. While this illustrates the limitations of top down and policy-driven attempts at change, and highlights the crucial importance of the front-line local 'micro-systems' (Donaldson and Mohr 2000) in the overall scheme of implementing organizational innovations, the space or headroom provided by frames at the macro and meso levels can enable local change, albeit at variable speed and with uncertain outcomes. [source]

Psychiatry in Translation from Thailand: Compiled and translated by Pichet Udomratn

ASIA-PACIFIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2009
Article first published online: 12 OCT 200
[source]

Lost in Translation: Methodological Considerations in Cross-Cultural Research

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2007
Elizabeth D. Peña
In cross-cultural child development research there is often a need to translate instruments and instructions to languages other than English. Typically, the translation process focuses on ensuring linguistic equivalence. However, establishment of linguistic equivalence through translation techniques is often not sufficient to guard against validity threats. In addition to linguistic equivalence, functional equivalence, cultural equivalence, and metric equivalence are factors that need to be considered when research methods are translated to other languages. This article first examines cross-cultural threats to validity in research. Next, each of the preceding factors is illustrated with examples from the literature. Finally, suggestions for incorporating each factor into research studies of child development are given. [source]

Evidence-based treatments for anxiety and depression: lost in translation?

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 9 2008
Article first published online: 9 SEP 200
First page of article [source]

Lost in translation: exploring the link between HRM and performance in healthcare

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007
Timothy Bartram
Using data collected in 2004 from 132 Victorian (Australia) public healthcare providers, comprising metropolitan and regional hospital networks, rural hospitals and community health centres, we investigated the perceptions of HRM from the experiences of chief executive officers, HR directors and other senior managers. We found some evidence that managers in healthcare organisations reported different perceptions of strategic HRM and a limited focus on collection and linking of HR performance data with organisational performance management processes. Using multiple moderator regression and multivariate analysis of variance, significant differences were found in perceptions of strategic HRM and HR priorities between chief executive officers, HR directors and other senior managers in the large organisations. This suggested that the strategic human management paradigm is ,lost in translation', particularly in large organisations, and consequently opportunities to understand and develop the link between people management practices and improved organisational outcomes may be missed. There is some support for the relationship between strategic HRM and improved organisational outcomes. Implications of these findings are drawn for managerial practice. [source]

Typology in action: applying typological insights in the study of translation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, Issue 1 2008
Luna Filipovi
tipología; camino y manera de movimiento; transcriptos; traducción This paper provides arguments in favour of using Talmy's cognitive typology in the study of translation. I contrasted English motion expressions with those in Spanish and Serbo-Croatian. English and Spanish belong to two opposing types in the typology, and Serbo-Croatian is classified as the same type as English. I illustrate the effects that different lexicalization patterns can have in a specific context of translation, namely that of translating police interviews with witnesses and suspects from Spanish into English. I also explain the intratypological contrasts that affect translation in the case of English vs. Serbo-Croatian. I propose a number of underlying principles to be used in translation and foreign language teaching. Este articulo se trata de la importancia que una tipología lingüística tiene en el análisis de traducción. Hemos comparado los originales de dos libros en serbo-croato y dos en ingles y correspondientes traducciones de estos textos en ingles y serbo-croato. Otros materiales que hemos usado en nuestra discusión son los transcriptos originales de los interrogaciones de testigos que hablan español como lengua madre y las traducciones en inglés hechos por la parte de los intérpretes. Español e ingles marcan los dos puntos más extremos en la clasificación semántica de idiomas, mientras serbo-croato estaba clasificado en el mismo grupo con ingles. Esta clasificación tipológica es basada sobre la manera en que se lexicalizan los campos universales de experiencia humana. En este caso, hablamos de la manera de movimiento. Los resultados muestran que en español, siguiendo las predicciones de la tipología, las construcciones con los verbos de dirección son los típicos y la frecuencia y la variedad de los verbos de manera de movimiento es marginada y limitada. En ingles, que "prefiere" el uso de los verbos de manera de movimiento, las traducciones a veces tienen la información de la manera que no existe en los textos originales. Así se cambia el contenido original de las descripciones que han presentado los testigos en español. Serbo-croato tiene puntas in común con ingles y español, y por eso, que nosotros mostramos, se puede posicionar entre los otros dos idiomas en la tipología. Otros temas presentes en la nuestra discusión son la diferencia entre las construcciones sintácticos en los tres idiomas que crean problemas en la traducción y los excepciones en el uso de los verbos de movimiento que se encuentran en serbo-croato. La conclusión es que este tipo de investigación aplicada interdisciplinaria puede ayudar a entender la importancia que tiene el idioma en contextos varios. En esa manera tal vez se puede mejorar el proceso de traducción e interrogación de testigos en una comunidad multilingual y facilitar el proceso de comunicación en general. [source]

T-armless tRNAs and elongated elongation factor Tu

IUBMB LIFE, Issue 2 2007
Takashi Ohtsuki
Abstract Most tRNAs share a common secondary structure containing a T arm, a D arm, an anticodon arm and an acceptor stem. However, there are some exceptions. Most nematode mitochondrial tRNAs and some animal mitochondrial tRNAs lack the T arm, which is necessary for binding to canonical elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). The mitochondria of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have a unique EF-Tu, named EF-Tu1, whose structure has supplied clues as to how truncated tRNAs can work in translation. EF-Tu1 has a C-terminal extension of about 60 aa that is absent in canonical EF-Tu. Recent data from our laboratory strongly suggests that EF-Tu1 recognizes the D-arm instead of the T arm by a mechanism involving this C-terminal region. Further biochemical analysis of mitochondrial tRNAs and EF-Tu from the distantly related nematode Trichinella spp. and sequence information on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in arthropods suggest that T-armless tRNAs may have arisen as a result of duplication of the EF-Tu gene. These studies provide valuable insights into the co-evolution of RNA and RNA-binding proteins. IUBMB Life, 59: 68-75, 2007 [source]

A new method for the gradient-based optimization of molecular complexes

JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 9 2009
Jan Fuhrmann
Abstract We present a novel method for the local optimization of molecular complexes. This new approach is especially suited for usage in molecular docking. In molecular modeling, molecules are often described employing a compact representation to reduce the number of degrees of freedom. This compact representation is realized by fixing bond lengths and angles while permitting changes in translation, orientation, and selected dihedral angles. Gradient-based energy minimization of molecular complexes using this representation suffers from well-known singularities arising during the optimization process. We suggest an approach new in the field of structure optimization that allows to employ gradient-based optimization algorithms for such a compact representation. We propose to use exponential mapping to define the molecular orientation which facilitates calculating the orientational gradient. To avoid singularities of this parametrization, the local minimization algorithm is modified to change efficiently the orientational parameters while preserving the molecular orientation, i.e. we perform well-defined jumps on the objective function. Our approach is applicable to continuous, but not necessarily differentiable objective functions. We evaluated our new method by optimizing several ligands with an increasing number of internal degrees of freedom in the presence of large receptors. In comparison to the method of Solis and Wets in the challenging case of a non-differentiable scoring function, our proposed method leads to substantially improved results in all test cases, i.e. we obtain better scores in fewer steps for all complexes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009 [source]

Determination of the dynamics of restored teeth by 3D electronic speckle pattern interferometry,

LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 4 2004
H. Lang
Abstract Background and Objectives The difficulties typically encountered in studying the effects of restorations on tooth reinforcement are often due to the 3-dimensional (3D) nature of deformation. Therefore, electronic 3D-Speckle-Interferometry (3D-ESPI) was used to assess the impact of different restorative materials on the deformation of teeth. Study Design/Materials and Methods Small and large MOD-preparations in extracted premolars were restored with gold inlays, ceramic inlays, composite resin inlays, amalgam, or composite resin. The restorations and cusps were loaded (90 N) and the deformation was assessed by 3D-ESPI. Results Teeth with small restorations were deformed only slightly and the differences between the materials were minimal (P>0.05). In contrast, teeth with large restorations displayed material-specific deformation patterns: (a) all materials led to decreased deformation as compared with unfilled teeth, (b) elastic materials caused only local deformation, (c) non-adhesive materials resulted in translation of the restoration and marginal discrepancies, (d) adhesive inlays brought about increased deformation of the luting resin composite, (e) loading of the cusps caused higher deformation than loading of the restorations, and (f) bonded restorations stabilized the cusps. Conclusions The results show that the deformation pattern of restored teeth is material-specific but the extent of deformation is primarily limited by the remaining tooth substance. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:300,309, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Translational regulation of a novel testis-specific RNF4 transcript

MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2003
Raffaela Pero
Abstract The RING-finger protein SNURF/RNF4, a modulator of both steroid receptor dependent and basal transcription, is expressed at very high levels in testis and at much lower levels in several other tissues. In somatic tissues, the RNF4 gene is expressed as a 3-kb transcript while an additional shorter sized transcript (1.6 kb) was found in mouse testis. In murine germ cells, RNF4 protein expression is strongly modulated during progression of spermatogonia to spermatids, with a peak in spermatocytes. The expression of 3-kb transcript correlated with protein levels in the different germ cell populations. Conversely, the 1.6-kb transcript was abundantly and specifically expressed in spermatids, in which RNF4 protein was detected at very low levels. We have then examined possible mechanisms underlying this discrepancy. Primer extension and RNase protection analyses demonstrated that the 1.6- and 3.0-kb transcripts originate from the same promoter, encode for the same protein and differ in the 3, UTR. In vitro assays showed that protein degradation is not involved in the regulation of RNF4 protein level. Finally, polysome analysis revealed that only a slight fraction of the testis-specific transcript is engaged in translation, thus providing a feasible mechanism for the quantitative differences of RNF4 mRNA and protein levels. Present results demonstrate that RNF4 short transcript is poorly translated suggesting that this mechanism could be essential for normal spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 66: 1,7, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT EQUIVALENCE WITH THE INDCOL MEASURE OF INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR VALID CROSS-CULTURAL INFERENCE

PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
CHRISTOPHER ROBERT
The INDCOL measure of individualism and collectivism (Singelis et al., 1995) has been used increasingly to test complex cross-cultural hypotheses. However, sample differences in translation, culture, organization, and response context might threaten the validity of cross-cultural inferences. We systematically explored the robustness of the INDCOL, for various statistical uses, in the face of those 4 threats. An analysis of measurement equivalence using multigroup mean and covariance structure analysis compared samples of INDCOL data from the United States, Singapore, and Korea. The INDCOL was robust with regard to the interpretability of correlations, whereas differences in culture and translation pose an important potential threat to the interpretability of mean-level analyses. Recommendations regarding the interpretation of the INDCOL and issues in the analysis of measurement equivalence in cross-cultural research are discussed. [source]

Global gene expression profile of Orientia tsutsugamushi

PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 8 2010
Bon-A Cho
Abstract Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Scrub typhus. The control mechanisms for bacterial gene expression are largely unknown. Here, the global gene expression of O. tsutsugamushi within eukaryotic cells was examined using a microarray and proteomic approaches for the first time. These approaches identified 643 genes, corresponding to approximately 30% of the genes encoded in the genome. The majority of expressed genes belonged to several functional categories including protein translation, protein processing/secretion, and replication/repair. We also searched the conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) in the O. tsutsugamushi genome which is unique in that up to 40% of its genome consists of dispersed repeated sequences. Although extensive shuffling of genomic sequences was observed between two different strains, 204 CSBs, covering 48% of the genome, were identified. When combining the data of CSBs and global gene expression, the CSBs correlates well with the location of expressed genes, suggesting the functional conservation between gene expression and genomic location. Finally, we compared the gene expression of the bacteria-infected fibroblasts and macrophages using microarray analysis. Some major changes were the downregulation of genes involved in translation, protein processing and secretion, which correlated with the reduction in bacterial translation rates and growth within macrophages. [source]

Systems biology analysis of sjögren's syndrome and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in parotid glands

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 1 2009
Shen Hu
Objective To identify key target genes and activated signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by conducting a systems analysis of parotid glands manifesting primary SS or primary SS/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma phenotypes. Methods A systems biology approach was used to analyze parotid gland tissue samples obtained from patients with primary SS, patients with primary SS/MALT lymphoma, and subjects without primary SS (non,primary SS controls). The tissue samples were assessed concurrently by gene-expression microarray profiling and proteomics analysis, followed by weighted gene-coexpression network analysis. Results Gene-coexpression modules related to primary SS and primary SS/MALT lymphoma were significantly enriched with genes known to be involved in the immune/defense response, apoptosis, cell signaling, gene regulation, and oxidative stress. Detailed functional pathway analyses indicated that primary SS,associated modules were enriched with genes involved in proteasome degradation, apoptosis, signal peptides of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC), complement activation, cell growth and death, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion, while primary SS/MALT lymphoma,associated modules were enriched with genes involved in translation, ribosome biogenesis and assembly, proteasome degradation, class I MHC signal peptides, the G13 signaling pathway, complement activation, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Combined analyses of gene expression and proteomics data implicated 6 highly connected "hub" genes for distinguishing primary SS from non,primary SS, and 8 hub genes for distinguishing primary SS/MALT lymphoma from primary SS. Conclusion Systems biology analyses of the parotid glands from patients with primary SS and those with primary SS/MALT lymphoma revealed pathways and molecular targets associated with disease pathogenesis. The identified gene modules/pathways provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of primary SS and primary SS/MALT lymphoma. The identified disease-hub genes represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention, diagnosis, and prognosis. [source]

Dynamic modelling of passive margin salt tectonics: effects of water loading, sediment properties and sedimentation patterns

BASIN RESEARCH, Issue 3 2005
Lykke Gemmer
We investigate the evolution of passive continental margin sedimentary basins that contain salt through two-dimensional (2D) analytical failure analysis and plane-strain finite-element modelling. We expand an earlier analytical failure analysis of a sedimentary basin/salt system at a passive continental margin to include the effects of submarine water loading and pore fluid pressure. Seaward thinning sediments above a weak salt layer produce a pressure gradient that induces Poiseuille flow in the viscous salt. We determine the circumstances under which failure at the head and toe of the frictional,plastic sediment wedge occurs, resulting in translation of the wedge, landward extension and seaward contraction, accompanied by Couette flow in the underlying salt. The effects of water: (i) increase solid and fluid pressures in the sediments; (ii) reduce the head to toe differential pressure in the salt and (iii) act as a buttress to oppose failure and translation of the sediment wedge. The magnitude of the translation velocity upon failure is reduced by the effects of water. The subsequent deformation is investigated using a 2D finite-element model that includes the effects of the submarine setting and hydrostatic pore pressures. The model quantitatively simulates a 2D approximation of the evolution of natural sedimentary basins on continental margins that are formed above salt. Sediment progradation above a viscous salt layer results in formation of landward extensional basins and listric normal growth faults as well as seaward contraction. At a later stage, an allochthonous salt nappe overthrusts the autochthonous limit of the salt. The nature and distribution of major structures depends on the sediment properties and the sedimentation pattern. Strain weakening of sediment favours landward listric growth faults with formation of asymmetric extensional depocentres. Episodes of low sediment influx, with partial infill of depocentres, produce local pressure gradients in the salt that result in diapirism. Diapirs grow passively during sediment aggradation. [source]

Use of Quantitative Broad-based Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection and Identification of Common Bacterial Pathogens in Cerebrospinal Fluid

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 7 2010
Richard Rothman MD
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:741,747 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Background:, Conventional laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis based on microscopy followed by culture is time-consuming and has only moderate sensitivity. Objectives:, The objective was to define the limit of detection (LOD), analytic specificity, and performance characteristics of a broad-based quantitative multiprobe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid bacterial detection and simultaneous pathogen-specific identification in patients with suspected meningitis. Methods:, A PCR algorithm consisting of initial broad-based detection of Eubacteriales by a universal probe, followed by pathogen identification using either pathogen-specific probes or Gram-typing probes, was employed to detect pathogens. The 16S rRNA gene, which contains both conserved and variable regions, was chosen as the target. Pathogen-specific probes were designed for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. Gram-positive and -negative typing probes were designed based on conserved regions across all eubacteria. The LOD and time to detection were assessed by dilutional mocked-up samples. A total of 108 convenience cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clinical samples obtained from the Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) microbiology laboratory were tested, and results were compared with hospital microbiologic culture reports. Results:, The LOD of the assay ranged from 101 to 102 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Pathogen-specific probes showed no cross-reactivity with other organisms. Time to detection was 3 hours. In clinical specimens, the universal probe correctly detected 16 of 22 culture-positive clinical specimens (sensitivity = 72.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 49.8% to 89.3%), which were all correctly characterized by either pathogen-specific or Gram-typing probes. Adjusted sensitivity after removing probable microbiologic laboratory contaminants was 88.9% (95% CI = 65.3% to 98.6%). The universal probe was negative for 86 of 86 culture-negative specimens. Conclusions:, A broad-based multiprobe PCR assay demonstrated strong analytic performance characteristics. Findings from a pilot clinical study showed promise in translation to human subjects, supporting potential utility of the assay as an adjunct to traditional diagnostics for early identification of bacterial meningitis. [source]

Evidence-based perioperative care is lost in translation

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 7 2008
J. Hardman
A bedside failure [source]

RNA as a Drug Target: The Case of Aminoglycosides

CHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 10 2003
Quentin Vicens Dr.
How to prevent antibiotic therapies from hitting a snag: Most antibiotics target molecular switches on the ribosome. The binding sites are discrete and made of conserved RNA residues rather than ribosomal proteins (see representation of paromycin binding to the ribosome). However, bacteria have evolved and mutated so that the antibiotics cannot bind. At least two types of new molecules could be designed to keep up in this race against evolution: 1) drugs that would bind to the mutated bacterial sites but not (to avoid toxicity) with human cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomes, and 2) drugs that would interfere with other molecular switches involved in translation or regulation pathways. [source]

Guideline Implementation Research: Exploring the Gap between Evidence and Practice in the CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2007
Andra L. Blomkalns MD
Translating research results into routine clinical practice remains difficult. Guidelines, such as the 2002 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, have been developed to provide a streamlined, evidence-based approach to patient care that is of high quality and is reproducible. The Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress ADverse Outcomes with Early Implementation (CRUSADE) Quality Improvement Initiative was developed as a registry for non,ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes to track the use of guideline-based acute and discharge treatments for hospitalized patients, as well as outcomes associated with the use of these treatments. Care for more than 200,000 patients at more than 400 high-volume acute care hospitals in the United States was tracked in CRUSADE, with feedback provided to participating physicians and hospitals regarding their performance over time and compared with similar institutions. Such access to data has proved important in stimulating improvements in non,ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes care at participating hospitals for delivery of acute and discharge guideline-based therapy, as well as improving outcomes for patients. Providing quality improvement methods such as protocol order sets, continuing education programs, and a CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative toolbox serve to actively stimulate physician providers and institutions to improve care. The CRUSADE Initiative has also proven to be a fertile source of research in translation of treatment guidelines into routine care, resulting in more than 52 published articles and 86 abstracts presented at major emergency medicine and cardiology meetings. The cycle for research of guideline implementation demonstrated by CRUSADE includes four major steps,observation, intervention, investigation, and publication,that serve as the basis for evaluating the impact of any evidence-based guideline on patient care. Due to the success of CRUSADE, the American College of Cardiology combined the CRUSADE Initiative with the National Registry for Myocardial Infarction ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction program to form the National Cardiovascular Data Registry,Acute Coronary Treatment & Intervention Outcomes Network Registry beginning in January 2007. [source]

Lost in translation, or how to translate a medical textbook

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2009
Jonas F. Ludvigsson
No abstract is available for this article. [source]