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Important Techniques (important + techniques)
Selected AbstractsA green to red photoconvertible protein as an analyzing tool for early vertebrate developmentDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 2 2007Stephan A. Wacker Abstract Lineage labeling is one of the most important techniques in developmental biology. Most recently, a set of photoactivatable fluorescent proteins originating from marine cnidarians became available. Here, we introduce the application of the green to red photoconvertible protein EosFP as a novel technique to analyze early vertebrate development. Both injection of EosFP mRNA and purified, recombinant EosFP followed by a light-driven green to red conversion allow lineage labeling in virtually any temporal and spatial dimension during embryonic development for at least 2 weeks. Specific staining of cells from nonsurface layers is greatly facilitated by light-driven conversion of EosFP compared with traditional methods. Therefore, green to red photoactivatable proteins promise to be a powerful tool with the potential to satisfy the increasing demand for methods enabling detailed phenotypical analyses after manipulations of morphogenetic events, gene expression, or signal transduction. Developmental Dynamics 236:473,480, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A new type of hemoclip deviceDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2 2005Kenichi Watanabe Background: There are many endoscopic techniques for hemostasis of non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Endoscopic hemoclip placement is one of the most important techniques. A rotatable clip-fixing device developed by Olympus Co. (Tokyo, Japan) has come into widespread use in Japan. However, it involves a number of problems, such as requirement of skill for attachment and it is time-consuming. Materials: We developed a new type of hemoclip device with collaboration with Olympus Co. Results: We explain the new type of hemoclip device and how to use it. Finally, we examine the convenience of the new type of hemoclip compared with previous devices. Conclusion: Hemoclip placement for bleeding of GI tract seems to be very convenient now and may become common in the world in the future. [source] Molecular biology of aromatic plants and spices.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010A review. Abstract In recent years, molecular tools have been used to help to elucidate some aspects of genetic diversity in aromatic species, the genetic relationships between different cultivars and comparisons of molecular marker analysis to the chemical composition of plants. In this review, an explanation of the most important techniques involving molecular markers is given. A literature survey on molecular markers is presented, with some examples from aromatic plants and spices. However, understanding what controls flavour and aroma production in plants is not an easy task to accomplish. Several aspects of plant secondary metabolism, in particular volatiles production in aromatic plants, are still unknown. The route from genomics to proteomics is not well documented, although some research with model plants has already been performed. To address the question of the synthesis of volatiles, two different approaches are possible and summarized in this review: first, the biochemical and genetic approach; and second, approaches involving functional genomics. Finally, a brief survey of bioinformatics resources is presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Tracking a partially occluded target with a cluster of Kalman filtersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 6 2002Dae-Sik Jang Tracking moving objects is one of the most important techniques in motion analysis and understanding, and it has many difficult problems to solve. Estimating and identifying moving objects, when the background and moving objects vary dynamically, are especially difficult. It is possible under such a complex environment that targets might disappear totally or partially due to occlusion by other objects. The Kalman filter has been used to estimate motion information and use the information in predicting the appearance of targets in succeeding frames. In this article, we propose another version of the Kalman filter, to be called the structural Kalman filter, which can successfully accomplish its role of estimating motion information under such a deteriorating condition as occlusion. Experimental results show that the suggested approach is very effective in estimating and tracking non-rigid moving objects reliably. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Determination of adsorption isotherms by means of HPLC: Adsorption mechanism elucidation and separation optimizationJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 5-6 2009Nicola Marchetti Abstract The purpose of this review is to illustrate the most important techniques for isotherm determination by means of HPLC. Starting on the traditional Frontal Analysis approach, Frontal Analysis by Characteristic Point, Elution by Characteristic Point, Perturbation Method in its different applications will be considered to conclude with the most recent Inverse Method approach. Since many of these techniques are based on the fundamentals of nonlinear chromatography, a short overview of the theory of nonlinear chromatography is presented. Emphasis is given to the most recent applications of these techniques for pharmaceutical applications, characterization of binding mechanisms, bioaffinity studies, molecular and chiral recognition processes. [source] Analysis of split-plot designs: an overview and comparison of methodsQUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2007T. Nęs Abstract Split-plot designs are frequently needed in practice because of practical limitations and issues related to cost. This imposes extra challenges on the experimenter, both when designing the experiment and when analysing the data, in particular for non-replicated cases. This paper is an overview and discussion of some of the most important methods for analysing split-plot data. The focus is on estimation, testing and model validation. Two examples from an industrial context are given to illustrate the most important techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Molecular ConceptorTM for Training in Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Design, and CheminformaticsCHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN, Issue 1 2007Claude Cohen Current emphasis on structure-based design and other computational methods have encouraged medicinal chemists to learn traditionally ,expert' techniques of molecular modeling, computer-aided drug design, and cheminformatics. Molecular ConceptorTM (Synergix Ltd) is a multimedia software for teaching three-dimensional drug design principles. It present techniques and strategies used in drug design and cheminformatics with general guidelines for their successful application. Discovery of lead compounds and concepts are illustrated with manipulatable views of molecules, pharmacophores, and protein,ligand complexes. It is a unique teaching and learning aid for medicinal chemists, instructors, students, and others who need in-depth knowledge of these important techniques, as well as a valuable refresher course for professional modelers. 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