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Important Organs (important + organ)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Life Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Control of adipogenesis in ruminants

ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006
Sang-Gun ROH
ABSTRACT Adipose tissue is an important organ that is involved in the peripheral regulation of body homeostasis, specifically, energy intake, storage and expenditure. Since fat metabolism is of the utmost importance in ruminants, the signals and mechanisms which regulate adiposity for fattening have been studied and characterized by many different approaches. Adipogenesis in the adipose tissues of ruminants is triggered and modulated by several factors/genes, some of which (conjugated linoleic acid, tumor necrosis factor-, and adipogenin) have been examined with respect to adipogenesis in ruminants by numerous researchers, including those in our group. The purpose of this article was to describe recent advances and insights into the molecular regulating processes of preadipocyte, adipocyte and adipose tissues in ruminants. [source]

Removal of high-abundance proteins for nuclear subproteome studies in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 3 2008
Guosheng Li
Abstract Endosperm is a highly specialized storage organ with three sets of genomes. It is one of the most economically important organs in plants. Endosperm development involves parental imprinting and endoreduplication. A thorough study of the endosperm proteome, particularly the nuclear proteome, may provide critical insight into the regulation of seed development. Unfortunately, endosperm is extremely rich in starch grains and protein bodies of different sizes, making proteome studies on nonstorage proteins, particularly the low-abundance proteins, very challenging. Here we have developed a chromatographic method to remove large starch grains and an electrophoresis method to recover low-abundance proteins, respectively. Using these methods, we have identified 468 proteins from the nuclear enriched fraction of rice endosperm, including transcription factors, histone modification proteins, kinetochore proteins, centromere/microtubule binding proteins, and transposon proteins. Among the 468 proteins, 208 (44%) are hypothetical proteins, indicating that the endosperm proteome is poorly explored. In addition, analyses of the MS/MS data using BioWorks 3.1 have identified 59 putative acetylated proteins and 40 putative methylated proteins. Our studies have developed a method to remove starch grains and recover low-abundance proteins, respectively. The methods should be applicable to other organisms. [source]

Variations in blood lipid profile, thrombotic system, arterial elasticity and psychosexual parameters in the cases of surgical and natural menopause

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Volkan TUNA
In this study, comparing four different parameters in women with surgical menopause because of ovariectomy in reproductive age and in women with natural menopause, the effect of withdrawal of ovarian hormones on both groups was investigated. The patient groups in this study were constituted of 100 women in reproductive age who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 50 women with natural menopause referred to out-patient's clinic within the same period. The findings for four different parameters were recorded one day before the surgery and at 3rd month post-operatively in surgical menopause group and at the day of referral to outpatient clinic in natural menopause group. The parameters planned to be recorded were blood lipid profile, thrombotic system, arterial elasticity and psychosexual variations. Post-operative high-density lipoprotein level in surgical menopause group was found lower than that of natural menopause group (47.08 vs 52.44 mg/dL, P < 0.05). Post-operative very low density lipoprotein level in surgical menopause group was increased more than that in natural menopause group (27.74 vs 23.58 mg/dL, P < 0.05). An increase was observed in post-operative carotid artery Pulsality Index and Resistive Index levels of surgical menopause group compared with natural menopause group (1.44 vs 1.33, P < 0.001 and 0.73 vs 0.68, P < 0.001 respectively). In surgical menopause group, the differences between pre- and post-operative values of bleeding time (1.15 vs 1.24, P < 0.0001), clotting time (5.9 vs 6.08, P < 0.0001) and fibrinogen level (422 vs 395, P < 0.0001) were found statistically significant. While bleeding time and clotting time were increased post-operatively, fibrinogen level was decreased. A significant increase was observed in post-operative mean Kupperman Index levels of surgical menopause group compared with that of natural menopause group (23.89 vs 9.94, P < 0.001). It was concluded that the ovaries should be considered as important organs impacting women's quality of life with their hormones produced also in the period of menopause; that disadvantages of oophorectomy during hysterectomy should be considered and that an attempt to conserve ovaries during surgery except pre-cancerous events would benefit women. [source]

6 The AERIS Course: a Focused Abdominal CT Interpretation Course for Abdominal Emergencies Requiring Immediate Surgery

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2008
Eric Schultz
Emergency physicians rely heavily on CT scanning to guide their clinical decisions. A significant number of EDs do not have radiology coverage, especially at night, so the EM physician may be called on to interpret their own CT scans to guide patient management. Many EM physicians look at their CT scans but have never had any formal training. Especially in the setting of acute surgical emergencies such as expanding abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), ruptured spleen or perforated viscus, delay for a radiologist interpretation may result in significant morbidity and mortality. In a collaboration between emergency medicine and radiology, our team created a systematic approach to abdominal CT interpretation designed to help EM physicians perform wet reads on CT scans in the setting of acute surgical emergencies. First, a general survey is done covering all of the important organs such as the aorta, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, stomach and bowel, then a focused scan into the suspected pathology. We put this system onto a Power Point presentation. The two hour presentation covered basic CT anatomic pathology then taught the presentations of common surgical emergencies such as appendicitis, nephrolithiasis and surgical catastrophes such as ruptured AAAs and mesenteric ischemia. The Abdominal Emergencies Requiring Immediate Surgery (AERIS) scan is only intended to be a focused scan for acute surgical pathology, and not to replace the diagnostic scan of a radiologist. This course was given at a single University program, and will be given at residency programs throughout the New York metro area. Eventually we hope that focused CT interpretation will become part of the standardized EM curriculum. [source]