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Important Complement (important + complement)
Selected AbstractsA new dimension in combining data?ACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 1 2010The use of morphology, phylogenomic data in metazoan systematics Abstract Giribet, G. 2010. A new dimension in combining data? The use of morphology and phylogenomic data in metazoan systematics. ,Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 11,19 Animal phylogenies have been traditionally inferred by using the character state information derived from the observation of a diverse array of morphological and anatomical features, but the incorporation of molecular data into the toolkit of phylogenetic characters has shifted drastically the way researchers infer phylogenies. A main reason for this is the ease at which molecular data can be obtained, compared to, e.g., traditional histological and microscopical techniques. Researchers now routinely use genomic data for reconstructing relationships among animal phyla (using whole genomes or Expressed Sequence Tags) but the amount of morphological data available to study the same phylogenetic patterns has not grown accordingly. Given the disparity between the amounts of molecular and morphological data, some authors have questioned entire morphological programs. In this review I discuss issues related to the combinability of genomic and morphological data, the informativeness of each set of characters, and conclude with a discussion of how morphology could be made scalable by utilizing new techniques that allow for non-intrusive examination of large amounts of preserved museum specimens. Morphology should therefore remains a strong field in evolutionary and comparative biology, as it continues to provide information for inferring phylogenetic patterns, is an important complement for the patterns derived from the molecular data, and it is the common nexus that allows studying fossil taxa with large data sets of molecular data. [source] Personal understandings of illness among people with type 2 diabetesJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 2 2004Åsa Hörnsten MSc RN Background., Professionals and patients understand the experience of illness from different worlds. Professionals' explanatory models focus on aetiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment, while patients' explanatory models are more focused on consequences and influences on daily life. The differences between patients and professionals in their understanding often result in conflicting expectations about treatment, priorities and outcomes of care. Aim., The aim of this study was to describe personal understandings of illness among people with type 2 diabetes in Sweden. Method., A sample of 44 patients, 47,80 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within the last 2 years, was recruited from four health care centres. Narrative thematic interviews were used covering the areas of developing, coping with and living with diabetes. Qualitative content analysis was performed. Findings., The findings were formulated into six categories: image of the disease, meaning of the diagnosis, integration of the illness, space for the illness, responsibility for care and future prospects. Conclusions., The findings demonstrate that patients' personal understanding of illness is an important complement to the traditional professional view of diabetes. They could serve as a foundation for development of health history interviewing, as well as development of systems of documentation. Patients' personal understandings of diabetes in their daily lives are considered to be an important shared source of information for planning meaningful care. [source] Renin-angiotensin system revisitedJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2008F. Fyhrquist Abstract. New components and functions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are still being unravelled. The classical RAS as it looked in the middle 1970s consisted of circulating renin, acting on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, which in turn was converted into angiotensin II (Ang II) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Ang II, still considered the main effector of RAS was believed to act only as a circulating hormone via angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2. Since then, an expanded view of RAS has gradually emerged. Local tissue RAS systems have been identified in most organs. Recently, evidence for an intracellular RAS has been reported. The new expanded view of RAS therefore covers both endocrine, paracrine and intracrine functions. Other peptides of RAS have been shown to have biological actions; angiotensin 2,8 heptapeptide (Ang III) has actions similar to those of Ang II. Further, the angiotensin 3,8 hexapeptide (Ang IV) exerts its actions via insulin-regulated amino peptidase receptors. Finally, angiotensin 1,7 (Ang 1,7) acts via mas receptors. The discovery of another ACE2 was an important complement to this picture. The recent discovery of renin receptors has made our view of RAS unexpectedly complex and multilayered. The importance of RAS in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated by the clinical benefits of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers. Great expectations are now generated by the introduction of renin inhibitors. Indeed, RAS regulates much more and diverse physiological functions than previously believed. [source] VLT-CRIRES: "Good Vibrations" Rotational-vibrational molecular spectroscopy in astronomyASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 5 2010H.U. Käufl Abstract Near-Infrared high spectral and spatial resolution spectroscopy offers new and innovative observing opportunities for astronomy. The "traditional" benefits of IR-astronomy , strongly reduced extinction and availability of adaptive optics , more than offset for many applications the compared to CCD-based astronomy strongly reduced sensitivity. Especially in high resolution spectroscopy interferences by telluric lines can be minimized. Moreover for abundance studies many important atomic lines can be accessed in the NIR. A novel spectral feature available for quantitative spectroscopy are the molecular rotational-vibrational transitions which allow for fundamentally new studies of condensed objects and atmospheres. This is also an important complement to radio-astronomy, especially with ALMA, where molecules are generally only observed in the vibrational ground state. Rot-vib transitions also allow high precision abundance measurements , including isotopic ratios , fundamental to understand the thermo-nuclear processes in stars beyond the main sequence. Quantitative modeling of atmospheres has progressed such that the unambiguous interpretation of IR-spectra is now well established. In combination with adaptive optics spectro-astrometry is even more powerful and with VLT-CRIRES a spatial resolution of better than one milli-arcsecond has been demonstrated. Some highlights and recent results will be presented: our solar system, extrasolar planets, star- and planet formation, stellar evolution and the formation of galactic bulges (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Macromolecular structure determination by cryo-electron microscopyACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 10 2000Helen R. Saibil Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (EM) hardware, low-temperature methods and image-processing software have made cryo-EM an important complement to X-ray crystallography and NMR for macromolecular structure determination, particularly of large assemblies. This review provides a summary of the main advances and a survey of the capabilities of this approach. [source] | ||||||||||