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Selected AbstractsVertical Nanostructures: Vertical (La,Sr)MnO3 Nanorods from Track-Etched Polymers Directly Buffering Substrates (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 6 2010Mater. The inside cover image shows a tilted SEMFE image of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 vertical nanorods. A. Carretero-Genevrier and co-workers have established a new method to generate vertical complex oxides nanostructures based on a sol,gel precursor solution and using track-etched polymers that act to buffer the substrate, which is described on page 892. These vertical nanorods grown at mild temperature undergo a complete structural, morphological, and chemical transformation into single crystalline (LaSr)xOy nanopyramids upon thermal activation at 1000°C. [source] Surface Patterning: Spatiotemporal Control over Molecular Delivery and Cellular Encapsulation from Electropolymerized Micro- and Nanopatterned Surfaces(Adv.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 18 2009Funct. This frontispiece image shows a multicomponent chip inspired by a vaccine node for specific T-cell stimulation, as described by Stern et al. on page 2888. The chip is functionalized with two different polymers (silver and black) as shown in the clockwise fabrication steps in the corners, each of which presents and releases different molecules necessary for stimulation. T-cells are stained red and dendritic cells are stained green. The inset image shows the reverse polymer pattern. [source] Phosphorescent OLEDs: Synthesis and Characterization of Red-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes for Solution-Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 14 2009Mater. On page 2205, S.H. Jin and co-workers report on the development of red-emitting iridium(III) complexes for solution-processable phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). This frontispiece image shows the fabrication of full-color PhOLEDs by an inkjet printing method. The combination of good efficiency and color purity identifies this material as a promising candidate for red phosphorescent doping of PhOLEDs. Structure-property relationships for improving the performance of such devices are also investigated. [source] Organic Nanowires: Connecting Organic Nanowires (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 47 200947/2009) Single-crystal organic nanowires are destined to become essential components in near-future organic electronics, however, currently one of the main drawbacks preventing implementation is the difficulty of creating stable interconnections between the nanowires. On p. 4816, Ana Borras and co-workers present a universal and effective method of creating nanowire,nanowire and nanowire,metallic Ohmic connections. The inside cover image shows the connection of single-crystal metallo-phthalocyanine nanowires via silver nanoparticles. [source] Superhydrophobic Coatings: Bioinspired Degradable Substrates with Extreme Wettability Properties (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 18 200918/2009) Joćo Mano and co-workers have developed new superhydrophobic poly(L -lactic acid) substrates for biomedical applications, reported on p.1830. The wettability of the substrates can be controlled within the superhydrophobic,superhydrophilic range by using argon plasma treatment. The inside cover image shows the texture of such a substrate exhibiting micro-and nanoscale roughness, which gives rise its extreme wettability behavior (the structure in the image can be viewed more clearly using 3D glasses). [source] Unsupervised segmentation of predefined shapes in multivariate imagesJOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS, Issue 4 2003J. C. Noordam Abstract Fuzzy C-means (FCM) is an unsupervised clustering technique that is often used for the unsupervised segmentation of multivariate images. In traditional FCM the clustering is based on spectral information only and the geometrical relationship between neighbouring pixels is not used in the clustering procedure. In this paper, the spatially guided FCM (SG-FCM) algorithm is presented which segments multivariate images by incorporating both spatial and spectral information. Spatial information is described by a geometrical shape description and can vary from a local neighbourhood to a more extended shape model such as Hough circle detection. A modified FCM objective function uses the spatial information as described by the shape model. This results in a segmented image in which the construction of the cluster prototypes is influenced by spatial information. The performance of SG-FCM is compared with both FCM and the sequence of FCM and a majority filter. The SG-FCM segmented image shows more homogeneous regions and less spurious pixels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Facile Approach to Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube/Poly(allylamine) Nanocomposites,MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 3 2007Jong-Boem Kim Abstract A facile approach to polymer nanocomposites with single-wall carbon nanotubes and cationic polymers is reported. The composite material was synthesized by producing carboxylic acid groups at the nanotube termini followed by a reaction with poly(allylamine) in water. Fourier transform infrared spectral and thermogravimetric analyses corroborate that the poly(allylamine) chains were wrapped on the surface of the carbon nanotubes. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image shows that the nanotubes were dispersed with little aggregation, thus, strongly suggesting that the poly(allylamine) chains have covered the single-wall carbon nanotubes, which was further evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. The composites are soluble in water, and this solubilization process opens up new opportunities in the solution chemistry on pristine nanotubes. [source] Spacer layer thickness effects on the photoluminescence properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dot superlatticesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 3 2003B. Ilahi Abstract InAs/GaAs vertically stacked self-assembled quantum dot (QD) structures with different GaAs spacer layer thicknesses are grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE) and investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. An increase in the polarization anisotropy is observed when the spacer layer thickness decreases. For a 10 monolayer (ML) thick inter-dots GaAs spacer, the TEM image shows an increase in the QD size when moving to the upper layer accompanied by the generation of dislocations. Consequently, the corresponding temperature-dependant PL properties are found to exhibit an unusual behaviour. The main PL peak is quenched at a temperature around 190 K giving rise to a broad background correlated with the formation of a miniband in the growth direction due to the strong interlayer coupling. For a thicker GaAs spacer layer (30 ML), multilayer QDs align vertically in stacks with no apparent structural defects. Over the whole temperature range, the excitonic band energies are governed by the Varshni empirical relation using InAs bulk parameters and the PL line width shows a slight monotonic increase. For a thinner GaAs interlayer, the thermal activation energies of the carrier emission out of the quantum dots are found to be considerably small (about 25 meV) due to the existence of defects. By combining these structural and optical results, we can conclude that a thinner GaAs spacer has a poorer quality. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Synthesis and properties of magnetite/poly (aniline-co-8-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid) (SPAN) nanocompositesPOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 1 2007Kakarla Raghava Reddy Abstract Composites were prepared by incorporating magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles into the matrix of a sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) [poly(aniline-co-8-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid) PANSA] through chemical oxidative polymerization of a mixture of aniline and 8-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid in the presence of magnetite nanoparticles. The composite, magnetite/SPAN(PANSA) was characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, UV-vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), conductivity and magnetic properties measurements. TEM image shows that magnetite nanoparticles were finely distributed into the SPAN matrix. XRD pattern of the nanocomposite reveals the presence of additional crystalline order through the appearance of a sharp peak at ,43° and 71°. Conductivity of the nanocomposite (0.23,S/cm) is much higher than pristine copolymer (1.97,×,10,2,S/cm). The results of FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy reveal the presence of molecular level interactions between SO groups in SPAN and magnetite nanoparticles in the composite. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Detection and classification of latent defects and diseases on raw French fries with multispectral imagingJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 13 2005Jacco C Noordam Abstract This paper describes an application of both multispectral imaging and red/green/blue (RGB) colour imaging for the discrimination between different defect and diseases on raw French fries. Four different potato cultivars generally used for French fries production are selected from which fries are cut. Both multispectral images and RGB colour images are classified with parametric and non-parametric classifiers. The effect of applying different preprocessing techniques on the spectra was also investigated. The best classification results in terms of accuracy, yield and purity are obtained with a modified version of standard normal variate (snv_mod) preprocessing for different classifiers and potato cultivars. The classification results of the multispectral images are compared with RGB images. The results show that the support vector classifier gives the best classification performance for the snv_mod preprocessed multispectral images and k-nearest neighbours classifier gives the best classification performance for raw RGB images. The detection of the latent greening defect in French fries with the exploration of multispectral images shows the additional value of multispectral imaging for French fries. A comparison between the multispectral images and the RGB colour images confirms this since this type of defect is not visible in the colour images. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | |||||||||||||